RESPIRATORY

TRAINING MANUAL

FILTER TYPES

• Organic gases & vapours (Type A)

– Organic substances are gases or vapours which contain carbon and therefore include a vast number of compounds such as Hydrocarbons, Alcohol's, Aldehydes, Ketones, Amines, Esters and Organic Acids

• Inorganic gases & vapours (Type B)

– Inorganic substances are gases or vapours which do not contain carbon. Examples are Chlorine, Bromine, Sulphur, Oxides or Sulphur, Oxides of Phosphorus, Ammonia and Hydrogen Chloride. Many of these are acidic in nature or very alkaline such as Ammonia

• Acid Gases (Type E)

– This can include gases and vapours of Organic Acids I.e. Acetic Acid, Formic Acid etc or of Inorganic Acids I.e. Hydrogen Chloride, Sulphur Trioxide and Sulphuric Acid

• Ammonia (Type K)

– Ammonia and Ammonia derivatives which are organic based such as Amines (Methylamine, Ethylamine) and Amides (Acetamide) can be removed using “K” type filters.

• Mercury vapour (Type HG)

• Particulate Filter (Type P)

DUSTParticles that vary in sizeresulting from the breaking up of solid materials

FUMESSolid aerosols formed whenmetallic vapours condense on cooling may be producedby welding, galvanising orsimilar processes involvinghot metal

MISTClouds of fine droplets orparticles formed by sprayingit could be water or oilbased

GASOrganic or inorganiccompounds that becomeairborne at roomtemperature

VAPOURSAre formed byevaporation froma liquid or solidI.e. water vapoursfrom water

Areas protected byNORTH RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS

Dust Fumes Mist Gas Vapours

HEALTH HAZARDS

HAZARD HEALTH RISK EFFECT

Welding fume/ Metal Fume Fever Short term: FluParticulate like symptoms

Grain Spores Farmers Lung Long term: Shortness of breath, coughing asthma-like symptoms

Asbestos Asbestosis Long term: Severelung damage

Solvent Vapours Various Short term: Narcotic effect, dizziness, lack ofcoordinationLong Term: Cirrhosis ofthe liver, kidney failure,brain damage

ACTIVATED CARBON CARTRIDGE

GASES/VAPOURS

DUST

PARTICULATE FILTER CARTRIDGE

DUST

GASES/VAPOURS

COMBINATION CARTRIDGE

DUST & GASES/VAPOURS

WHEN DO I REPLACE MY CARTRIDGE?

SMELL & TASTE

DIFFICULTYBREATHING

LIMITATIONS

DO NOT USE ANY FILTERING RESPIRATOR UNDER ANY

OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS.

1. In any oxygen deficient atmosphere (Any atmosphere having less than 19.5% Oxygen by volume)

2. In poorly ventilated areas or confined spaces such as tanks, small rooms, tunnels or vessels unless the confined space is well ventilated and the

concentration of toxic contamination is known to be below the upper limit recommended for the respirator.

3. In atmospheres where the concentrations of toxic contaminants are unknown or are IDLH. (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health)

4. Respirators should not be worn by people with heavy facial hair.

PHYSIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF OXYGEN DEFICIENCY

Normal, safe oxygen levels - range from19.5% to 21% of the air in the space

At 16% - you’ll start developing symptoms like fast breathing and heartbeat, drowsiness and nausea

At 12% - you’ll be unconscious

At 6% - you’ll be “the late”

THE FOLLOWING IS A PARTIAL LIST OF GASEOUS MATERIALS FOR WHICH AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS MAY NOT BE USED

FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION, REGARDLESS OF CONCENTRATION OR EXPOSURE TIME:-

AcroleinMethyl ChlorideArsineMethylene ChlorideBromineNickel CorbonylCarbon MonoxideDimethylanilineNitro Compounds including:Dimethyl SulfateNitrogen OxidesHydrogen CyanideNitroglycerinHydrogen SelenideNitromethaneIsocyanate Compounds Including:OzoneMethylene Bisphenyl Isocyanate (MDI)PhosgeneToluene Diisocyanate (TDI)PhosphineMethyl IsocyanatePhosphorus TrichlorideMethyl BromideStibineSulfur Chloride

THIS LIST IS NOT COMPLETE AND DOES NOT REPLACE A COMPLETE EVALUATION DONE BY AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST OF

THE WORKPLACES CONTAMINATION.

DEFINITION OF TERMSO.E.L. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT

An OEL is the concentration of an airborne substance, average over a reference period, at which according to current knowledge, there is no evidence that it is likelyto be injurious to employees if they are exposed by inhalation day after day, to that concentration

I.D.L.H. VALUE

(Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health)The concentration of a contaminant in the atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to the life or produces an immediate irreversible debilitating effect on health or impairs the escape from the contaminated area

ppm - PART PER MILLION

Used to express the concentration of a gas in ambient air.(Can also be expressed as a percentage)

Mg/m3 MILLIGRAMS PER CUBIC METER

Used to express the concentration of particulate matterin ambient air.

Fig.1Fig.2

TOXIC DUST CALCULATION

Disposable Protection FactorP1 5P2 10P3 20

O.E.L - 0.1mg/m3 (Lead)

If you are working at 2mg/m3:-

FFP1 = 2 5 = 0.4 Not adequate

Above OELFFP2 = 2

10 = 0.2 Not adequateAbove OEL

FFP3 = 20 = 0.1 Adequate

OEL Standard

Inward leakage(How much you breath in)

ConcentrationProtection Factor

CONTAMINANTS

IDENTIFY THE CHEMICAL FORM:Liquid to gas; Dust/powder to liquids or solids;Solids to dust

(If you have a trade name the supplier must be able to tell you the active ingredient in the chemical)

For Example: THINNERS

Thinners is made up of the following chemicals:

Toluene and Xylene = 50%Acetone, Propanol,Glycol Monomethyl Ether = 50%

RECOMMENDATIONS ON RESPIRATORY FOR EACH CHEMICAL

Chemical Half Mask Full Face Mask Airline

Toluene None Less than 500ppm Greater than 500ppm

Xylene None Less than 1000ppm Greater than 1000ppm

Acetone None Less than 2500ppm Greater than 2500ppm

Propanol None Less than 800ppm Greater than 800ppm

Glycol None None Less than 200ppmMonomethylEther

What Questions to Ask

1. What are the contaminants?

2. What are their concentrations?

3. What is the applicable occupational exposure standard / level (OES/OEL)

4. Are the contaminants gaseous or particulate or acombination of both

5. Do the contaminants have adequate warning propertiesof smell / taste / irritation?

6. Are the contaminants immediately DANGEROUSto life and health (IDLH)?

7. Does the atmosphere contain enough oxygen

8. Is additional protective equipment required?

9. Are you entering a confined space?