responsible use of hfcs - workshop and demonstration the draft eu regulation on f- gases –...
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Responsible use of HFCs - Workshop and Demonstration
The Draft EU Regulation on F-Gases – Containment &
Monitoring
Tim G.A. Vink
Director Regulatory Affairs & Compliance Honeywell Fluorine Products Europe
Brussels, July 27, 2004
Responsible use of HFCs - Workshop and Demonstration
Agenda
• Global Warming Potential vs Global warming Impact
• Containment• Monitoring
Responsible use of HFCs - Workshop and Demonstration
What is Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
• GWP = f (Atmospheric Lifetime – LA, Radiative characteristics)
• GWP Absolute = Radiative Effect accumulated over the full LA; (mW.yr.m-2.ppm-1)
• GWP Relative = Radiative Effect accumulated over a fixed period relative to the radiative effect of a reference substance – Reference Period = 100
years (by convention)– Reference Substance = CO2
The Absolute GWP of CO2
The reference period of 100 years is unfavourable for shorter lived substances
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Time after emission (years)
Ab
so
lute
Glo
ba
l W
arm
ing
Po
ten
tia
l
(Wm
-2y
rpp
m-1
)
Global Warming Impact ignored
Responsible use of HFCs - Workshop and Demonstration
What really matters is the Warming Impact
• Warming Impact = [f (GWPA, emissions )]
• Emissions = f (tightness, charge)
• Consequently, the emission levels are crucial:
– Tightness
– Charge TAR - emissions year: 2000
Substance Emissions GWP CO2 equivalentMln T 100 yr vs CO2 Mln T Share
CO2 30,800.00 1 30,800 65%CH4 350.00 21 7,350 16%N2O 11.00 310 3,410 7%ODS 0.60 8100 4,860 10%HFCs 0.14 2800 392 1%PFCs 0.02 6500 130 0%SF6 0.01 23900 143 0%
Potential Future Contributionsfrom Greenhouse Gases
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year
Clim
ate
Forc
ing s
ince 1
765 W
m
-2
CFCs/HCFCs HFCs Methane
Nitrous Oxide Carbon Dioxide
Look at the interdependencies (TEWI)
• Energy Efficiency of the system
• Emissions
Responsible use of HFCs - Workshop and Demonstration
Critical Issue: Containment
• All measures technically and economically feasible to prevent emissions
– Design of equipment => CE marking
– Quality of material, connections, installation =>Certified Personnel
– Operating Conditions: Vibration, corrosion, degradation of materials
– Preventive maintenance
• Frequent leak-inspections >3 kg annually; >30 kg quarterly; >300 kg monthly
– Accessibility of equipment
– Energy Efficiency will be main driver
• Charge loss means greater power consumption
• Focus on total system performance: e.g. clean heat exchangers
– Exemptions possible when leakage detection systems are in place (mandatory for > 300 kg)
• Potential conflict with ventilation/safety requirements (EN 378)
Smaller charges and tighter circuits
Responsible use of HFCs - Workshop and Demonstration
Critical Issue: Monitoring• Purpose of Monitoring:
– Adequate data on actual emissions– Tool for operators of equipment
• Actual power consumption may be more effective• Data need to drive actions
• Monitoring through:– Log Books for installations
• Charge and type of Refrigerant used• Quantities recovered and added• Verification of Qualifications
– Data reporting by Producers and Importers:• Incomplete picture because it does not cover the complete supply chain• Trade in Equipment containing F-gases?
Monitoring is Necessary but not Sufficient