restoring deltaic functions on the mississippi harley s. winer, ph.d., p.e. atkins, metairie, la...
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Restoring Deltaic Functions on the
Mississippi
Restoring Deltaic Functions on the
Mississippi
Harley S. Winer, Ph.D., P.E.Atkins, Metairie, LA
Harley S. Winer, Ph.D., P.E.Atkins, Metairie, LA
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Outline of PresentationOutline of PresentationOutline of PresentationOutline of Presentation
• Alarming Land Loss RateAlarming Land Loss Rate• Importance of Louisiana Coastal AreaImportance of Louisiana Coastal Area• Multiple CausesMultiple Causes• Principal Cause is Disruption of Delta Principal Cause is Disruption of Delta
ProcessProcess• Explanation of Delta ProcessExplanation of Delta Process• History of Delta Building DisruptionHistory of Delta Building Disruption• Solution is to Restore Delta Building Solution is to Restore Delta Building
Process.Process.
• Alarming Land Loss RateAlarming Land Loss Rate• Importance of Louisiana Coastal AreaImportance of Louisiana Coastal Area• Multiple CausesMultiple Causes• Principal Cause is Disruption of Delta Principal Cause is Disruption of Delta
ProcessProcess• Explanation of Delta ProcessExplanation of Delta Process• History of Delta Building DisruptionHistory of Delta Building Disruption• Solution is to Restore Delta Building Solution is to Restore Delta Building
Process.Process.
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2000 US Oil Production By State
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
LA TX AK CA OKNM
WY KS ND M
SCO UT
Other
s
State
Mil
lio
n B
arr
els
OCS State
Source: US DOE/EIA
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Natural CausesNatural CausesNatural CausesNatural Causes
• Subsidence - Consolidation •Weight of the Delta Deposits
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Induced CausesInduced CausesInduced CausesInduced Causes
• Alteration of the Natural River System- Reduction of Sediment Load
• Construction of Canals-Canal Banks Create Impoundments-Salinity Intrusion-Boat Wake Erosion
• Subsurface Fluid Removal
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Some HistorySome History
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1831 Captain Henry M. Shreve, dug a cut across the
narrow neck of Turnbull's Bend. The river accepted the shortcut and abandoned the old channel, the upper part eventually silted up, leaving the lower section open. This
section came to be called "Old River"
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1839, the State of Louisiana began to
dislodge a 30 mile long log jam in the
Atchafalaya and open up the river to navigation.
1839, the State of Louisiana began to
dislodge a 30 mile long log jam in the
Atchafalaya and open up the river to navigation.
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The Atchafalaya is a shorter outlet to the Gulf
of Mexico; 142 miles compared to 315.
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The removal of the log The removal of the log jam allowed the jam allowed the
Atchafalaya to capture Atchafalaya to capture more and more of the more and more of the
Mississippi's flow.Mississippi's flow.
The removal of the log The removal of the log jam allowed the jam allowed the
Atchafalaya to capture Atchafalaya to capture more and more of the more and more of the
Mississippi's flow.Mississippi's flow.
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The Mississippi River Commission engaged
Harold N. Fisk and a team of geographers and
geologists to investigate
Fisk, H. N., 1944, Geological Investigation of the Alluvial Valley of the
Lower Mississippi Valley, Vicksburg, Mississippi, Mississippi River Commission
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The Paradigm:We Need To
Prevent the River from Changing
Course
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Because of the Because of the Consequences Consequences
for:for:
Because of the Because of the Consequences Consequences
for:for:NavigationNavigationFlood ControlFlood ControlWater SupplyWater Supply
NavigationNavigationFlood ControlFlood ControlWater SupplyWater Supply
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The solution was the construction of
the Old River Control Structures
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With the Congressional Mandate to maintain the 1950 distribution
of flows -70% down the Mississippi and 30%
down the Atchafalaya
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The Unintended Consequence is that very little
new land is being built to
compensate for land loss
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A New Paradigm:Allow the River to Change Course; Preserve Flood
Control, Navigation and Water Supply
on the Lower Mississippi River
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Red Rive
r
Mississippi River
Atchafalaya River
Lower Mississippi
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Instead of diverting water from the
Mississippi; Allow the Mississippi to change course and divert a minimum necessary amount to the lower
Miss.
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Allowing the bulk of the flow and more
importantly a predominance of the sediment to go down
the Atchafalaya, where it will build
marsh.
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How to reconfigure Old River was
discussed in a paper presented at Coastal Sediments 07 in New
Orleans.
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How to distribute flows:
Normal FlowsLow Flows Flood Flows
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Normal Flows
Maximum Flow down the Atchafalaya; divert the minimum necessary for fresh water supply
to the Lower Mississippi
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Low Flows
Maintain the 70% - 30% distribution
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Flood Flows
Utilize the every avenue to pass the
flood
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What is needed is a Feasibility Study to address all of the
potential problems associated with this
proposal.
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Changing one aspect of a system results in changes throughout the system – just as preventing the shift
of the river did.
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Potential Issues:
Channel Change - Relocations
Stage Changes
Reduced Dredging
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The present paradigm results in the waste of a valuable resource. It is time for a new paradigm.
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ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences
Winer, H. (2006), “A New Paradigm for Managing the Winer, H. (2006), “A New Paradigm for Managing the Lower Mississippi River,” 30th International Lower Mississippi River,” 30th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 2000-2011, Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 2000-2011, San Diego, CASan Diego, CA
Winer, H. (2007), “Re-Engineering the Mississippi River Winer, H. (2007), “Re-Engineering the Mississippi River as a Sediment Delivery System,” Proceedings of as a Sediment Delivery System,” Proceedings of Coastal Sediments ’07 Conference, pp. 712-721, ASCECoastal Sediments ’07 Conference, pp. 712-721, ASCE
Winer, H (2011), “Re-Engineering the Mississippi River Winer, H (2011), “Re-Engineering the Mississippi River as a Sediment Delivery System,” Proceedings, as a Sediment Delivery System,” Proceedings, Symposium to Honor Dr. Nicholas C. Kraus, Journal of Symposium to Honor Dr. Nicholas C. Kraus, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 59, pp. 229-234.Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 59, pp. 229-234.
Winer, H. (2006), “A New Paradigm for Managing the Winer, H. (2006), “A New Paradigm for Managing the Lower Mississippi River,” 30th International Lower Mississippi River,” 30th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 2000-2011, Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 2000-2011, San Diego, CASan Diego, CA
Winer, H. (2007), “Re-Engineering the Mississippi River Winer, H. (2007), “Re-Engineering the Mississippi River as a Sediment Delivery System,” Proceedings of as a Sediment Delivery System,” Proceedings of Coastal Sediments ’07 Conference, pp. 712-721, ASCECoastal Sediments ’07 Conference, pp. 712-721, ASCE
Winer, H (2011), “Re-Engineering the Mississippi River Winer, H (2011), “Re-Engineering the Mississippi River as a Sediment Delivery System,” Proceedings, as a Sediment Delivery System,” Proceedings, Symposium to Honor Dr. Nicholas C. Kraus, Journal of Symposium to Honor Dr. Nicholas C. Kraus, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 59, pp. 229-234.Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 59, pp. 229-234.