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xxv
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
1 Agarwal Meenu ldquoRegional Rural Banks in Indiardquo Neha Publishers
and Distributers 2009
2 Ajay Pathak Ghose S N ldquoAsset Liability in Banksrdquo Emerging
Challenges Series Banking 2007
3 Amandeep ldquoProfits and Profitability in commercial Banksrdquo Deep
and Deep Publications New Delhi 1993
4 Appannaiah Reddy amp Ramanath ldquoBusiness Research Methodsrdquo
Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2006
5 B Ramachandra Reddy ldquoManagement of non-performing assets in
banks and financial institutionsrdquo serials publications New Delhi
2004
6 Banambar Sahoo ldquoBankerrsquos Handbook on NPA Managementrdquo
Asia law house Hyderabad 2002
7 Batra Vinod ldquoDevelopment Banking in Indiardquo Printwell Publishers
Jaipur
8 Bhaskeran R ldquoPrinciples amp Practices of Bankingrdquo 2nd edition
Macmillan Publishers Pte India Limited 2010
9 Bhaskeran R ldquoWork book on Risk management Financial
Management and General Bank Managementrdquo Taxmann Publication
(P) Ltd2009
10 Bhattacharya KM ldquoRisk Management In Indian Banksrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Mumbai 2008
252
11 Bidani S N ldquoManaging non-performing assets in banksrdquo vision
books pvt Ltd New Delhi 2002
12 Bidani SN Mitra PKand Pramodkumar ldquoCredit Risk
Managementrdquo Taxmann Publication New Delhi 2004
13 Desai S M ldquoPrinciples of Bank Managementrdquo Himalaya Publishing
House Bombay 1993
14 Desai S M ldquoRural Banking in Indiardquo Himalaya Publishing House
Mumbai 1998
15 Dileep Mehta amp Hung Gay Fung ldquoBank International Managementrdquo
Black well Publishing New Delhi 2004
16 Gupta SG ldquoStatistical Methodsrdquo Sultan Chand and Sons New Delhi
2008
17 Hari Misra ldquoBasel ll Framework and India Compliance vs
Opportunity A single Point Priemer for Practicing Bankers IBS
Publishing Pvt Ltd April 2004
18 Hari Misra ldquoCurrent Perspective on Risk Management Indian
Banking Industry IBS Publishing Pvt Ltd April 2006
19 Hosmani S B ldquoPerformance of Regional Rural Banks by Banksrdquo
Anmol Publication Ltd
20 Jain M K ldquoRural Banking and Rural Poorrdquo Well Publishers Jaipur
1989
21 Kohli RC ldquoPractical Approach to NPA Managementrdquo Taxmann
Publication New Delhi 2013
22 Kothari C R ldquoIndian Banking Social Banking and Profitabilityrdquo
Arihant Publishers Jaipur 1991
253
23 Kothari CR ldquoResearch Methods amp Techniquesrdquo Wiley Eastern
Limited New Delhi 1993
24 Krishnaswamy OR amp Ranganatham M ldquoMethodology of Research
in Social Sciencesrdquo Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2010
25 Maheshwari SN ldquoManagement Accounting and Financial Controlrdquo
Sultan Chand and Sons New Delhi 2006
26 Mohan Prasad Shrivastava Pradeep Kumar Pandey amp Vidyarthi V
P ldquoBanking Reforms and Globalizationrdquo A P H Publishing
Corporation New Delhi
27 Patnaik U C ldquoRural banking in Indiardquo Anmol Publications Ltd
28 Purushothama MK ldquoBusiness Research Methodsrdquo R Chand amp
company New Delhi 2009
29 Ravikumar T ldquoAsset Liability Managementrdquo Vision Books New
Delhi 2006
30 Reddy C R ldquoRural Banking in Indiardquo Mittal Publication New Delhi
1979
31 Renu Tyagi ldquoRole of banks for rural development in Indiardquo Sarup amp
sons New Delhi 1993
32 S N Bidani ldquoManaging ndashNon-performing asset in banksrdquo Vision
books pvt Ltd2002
33 SB Verma ldquoRisk Managementrdquo Deep amp Deep Publication Pvt Ltd
New Delhi 2005
34 Saxena R M ldquoDevelopment Banking in Indiardquo Vora Publications
Mumbai
35 Patnaik U C ldquoRural banking in Indiardquo Anmol Publications Ltd
254
36 Shyam Charan Acharya amp Ashok kumar Mohanty ldquoOperational
analysis of Regional Rural Banksrdquo Kalpaz Publications Delhi 2006
37 Sonara C K ldquoRegional Rural Banks in Indiardquo Anmol Publication
Ltd New Delhi 1988
38 Subba Rao ldquoPrinciples amp Practice of Bank Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Bombay 1985
39 Subramanya K N ldquoModern Banking in Indiardquo Deep and Deep
Publishers New Delhi
40 Sultan Singh ldquoBanking Sector Reforms in Indiardquo Kanishka
Publishers
41 Timothy WKoch amp Scott MacDonald S ldquoBank Managementrdquo
Thomson Asia Pte Ltd Singapur 2004
42 Upaal R K and Rimpy Kaur ldquoBanking Sector Reforms I Indiardquo A
Review of post-1991 Developments International Specialized Book
Service
43 Varma H L amp Mahotra A K ldquoFunds Management in Commercial
Banksrdquo Deep amp Deep Publications New Delhi 1993
44 Vasant Desai ldquoDevelopment Bankingrdquo Himalaya Publishing House
Bombay 1985
45 Vasudev Shetty S ldquoSome issues on rural development strategies amp
practices of rural development in Indiardquo Arihant Publishers Jaipur
1990
46 Vijayaraghavan G ldquoBank credit management text and casesrdquo
Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2013
47 Vivek and Asthana PN ldquoFinancial Risk Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Mumbai 2009
255
48 Wadhav C D ldquoRural Bank for Rural Developmentrdquo The Macmillan
Company of India Ltd New Delhi 1988
ARTICLES
1 Augustine Retamu amp PGanesan ldquoProfit amp Profitability of
Cooperative Banksrdquo The case of Banques popularires (People Bank)
of Rwanda Indian Management studies Journal No12 2008
2 Brinds Jagirdar and Alendu K Dubey ldquoPerformance of Public sector
Banksrdquo The Indian Banker Vol ll No 12 December 2007
3 Devi Premnath and Gowry R (Online) ldquoAsset Liability
Management in Punjab National Bank ndash With Reference to their
Interest Rate Sensitivityrdquo Research Journal of Finance amp
Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) Issue 2222-2847 Vol 2 No 3
2011
4 Dr BCharumati (Online) ldquoAsset Liability Management in Indian
Banking Industry ndash With Special Reference to Interest Rate Risk
Management in ICICI Bankrdquo Proceedings of the World Congress on
Engineering 2008 Vol II WCE 2008 Jul-2-42008 London UK
5 Dr BCharumati ldquoMeasuring Interest Rate in Indian Banksrdquo Journal
of Accounting amp Finance Vol 24 No 1 October 2009 ndash March
2010
6 Joshipura JP ldquomeasuring performance of banks using financial
ratiordquo The Indian Banker Published by the Indian Banksrsquo
Association Vol lV No 7 July 2009
7 Kapil Sharma and PR Kulkarni ldquoAsset Liability Management
Approach Indian Banksrdquo A Review and Suggestion Journal of
Accounting and Finance Vol 20 No 2 April-September 2006
256
8 Mishra M N ldquoAnalysis of Profitability and Growth of commercial
Banksrdquo Indian Journal of Banking and Finance Vol5 1992
9 Ram Pratap Singh amp Biswajit chattersee ldquooff balance sheet
Exposures of Indian Commercial Banksrdquo The Indian Economic
Journal Volume55 (4) Jan-march 2008
10 Sandeep Goel ldquoFinancial Appraisal of banking Industry- A
comparative insight of ICICI Bank and State bank of Indiardquo
Management Accounting amp Business Finance January 2009
11 Selvakumar M amp Kathiravan ldquoA study of profitability performance
of public sector banks in Indiardquo Indian Journals of Finance Vol lll
No 9 September 2009
12 Shamala A ldquoNPAs in Indian banking sector Impact on profitabilityrdquo
Indian Streams Research Journal June 2012
13 Singh Satya Dev amp Singh Rajeshkumar ldquoProfitability Determinants
of Banks in Indiardquo Advances In Management Monthly Journal
Volume 2 (6) June 2009
REPORTS
1 Annual reports of KGB from 2005-06 to 2011-12
2 Basel II Framework amp India Compliance vs Opportunity Indian
Bankrsquo Association June 2004
3 Bidar District At a Glance 2012-13
4 Current Perspective on Risk Management Indian Bankrsquo Association
April 2006
5 Gulbarga District At a Glance 2012-13
6 Yadgiri District At a Glance 2012-13
257
258
DAILIES
1 Deccan Herald
2 The Hindu
3 Business Line
WEBLIOGRAPHY
1 bisorgcom
2 httppaperssrrncom
3 rbinotificationcom
4 wwwamazoncom
5 wwwbankruptrbiorgin
6 wwwbisorgin
7 wwwibaorgin
8 wwwiupindiaorgin
9 wwwjemtnet
10 wwwkrishna grameenabankcom
11 wwwnirdorgin
12 wwwrbiorgin
13 wwwrdaindianet
14 wwwrmaorgcom
xxvi
ANNEXURE
259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
PUBLISHED PAPERS
ISSN 0970-7247
~~
Rs 1000 JANUARY 2010
275 Annual Subscription Rs 100
An International Journal oldeas
Indias External Threats
Nuclear Deterrence
Mghanistans Uncertain Future
Ambedkar-Galldhi on Untouchability
Job Satisfaction
Pokhran to and USmiddot
I~CePI An International Journal
of Ideas Voll3 No275JANUARY Bs 1000
Editor BABUDDIN KHAN
THI1ID CONCEPT aims at providing a platform where a meaningful exchange ofideas can take place among the people of the Third World The attempt will be to communicate debate and disseminate information deas and alternatives for the resolution of the common problems facing humankind We wdcome ecntributions from academics journalists and even from those who may never have published anything before The only requirement is ~concern for and d(sire to understand and rake the issue of ollrtimo Conlributions may be descriptive allalylical
or theoretical They may be in the form of original articles reactions to previous contributions~ or even a comment on a prevailingsitualioll All contributions neatly-typed in double space may be addressed to
THIlill CONCEPT LB-14 Prakash Deep Building 7 Tolstoy Matg New Delhi-110 001 Phones 23711092 23712249 Fax No 23711092 E-mail thirdeonceptrediffmailcom Website wwwthirdconceptjournalcom
While the Editor accepts responsibility for the selection of materials to be published individual authors are responsible for the facts figures and views in theirarticies However~ the Editor reserves the right to edit the articles for reasons of space and clarity
Designed by Pt Tcjpal
[~(==INS=ID=E=J~bullbull~ Editorial
Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
1 Agarwal Meenu ldquoRegional Rural Banks in Indiardquo Neha Publishers
and Distributers 2009
2 Ajay Pathak Ghose S N ldquoAsset Liability in Banksrdquo Emerging
Challenges Series Banking 2007
3 Amandeep ldquoProfits and Profitability in commercial Banksrdquo Deep
and Deep Publications New Delhi 1993
4 Appannaiah Reddy amp Ramanath ldquoBusiness Research Methodsrdquo
Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2006
5 B Ramachandra Reddy ldquoManagement of non-performing assets in
banks and financial institutionsrdquo serials publications New Delhi
2004
6 Banambar Sahoo ldquoBankerrsquos Handbook on NPA Managementrdquo
Asia law house Hyderabad 2002
7 Batra Vinod ldquoDevelopment Banking in Indiardquo Printwell Publishers
Jaipur
8 Bhaskeran R ldquoPrinciples amp Practices of Bankingrdquo 2nd edition
Macmillan Publishers Pte India Limited 2010
9 Bhaskeran R ldquoWork book on Risk management Financial
Management and General Bank Managementrdquo Taxmann Publication
(P) Ltd2009
10 Bhattacharya KM ldquoRisk Management In Indian Banksrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Mumbai 2008
252
11 Bidani S N ldquoManaging non-performing assets in banksrdquo vision
books pvt Ltd New Delhi 2002
12 Bidani SN Mitra PKand Pramodkumar ldquoCredit Risk
Managementrdquo Taxmann Publication New Delhi 2004
13 Desai S M ldquoPrinciples of Bank Managementrdquo Himalaya Publishing
House Bombay 1993
14 Desai S M ldquoRural Banking in Indiardquo Himalaya Publishing House
Mumbai 1998
15 Dileep Mehta amp Hung Gay Fung ldquoBank International Managementrdquo
Black well Publishing New Delhi 2004
16 Gupta SG ldquoStatistical Methodsrdquo Sultan Chand and Sons New Delhi
2008
17 Hari Misra ldquoBasel ll Framework and India Compliance vs
Opportunity A single Point Priemer for Practicing Bankers IBS
Publishing Pvt Ltd April 2004
18 Hari Misra ldquoCurrent Perspective on Risk Management Indian
Banking Industry IBS Publishing Pvt Ltd April 2006
19 Hosmani S B ldquoPerformance of Regional Rural Banks by Banksrdquo
Anmol Publication Ltd
20 Jain M K ldquoRural Banking and Rural Poorrdquo Well Publishers Jaipur
1989
21 Kohli RC ldquoPractical Approach to NPA Managementrdquo Taxmann
Publication New Delhi 2013
22 Kothari C R ldquoIndian Banking Social Banking and Profitabilityrdquo
Arihant Publishers Jaipur 1991
253
23 Kothari CR ldquoResearch Methods amp Techniquesrdquo Wiley Eastern
Limited New Delhi 1993
24 Krishnaswamy OR amp Ranganatham M ldquoMethodology of Research
in Social Sciencesrdquo Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2010
25 Maheshwari SN ldquoManagement Accounting and Financial Controlrdquo
Sultan Chand and Sons New Delhi 2006
26 Mohan Prasad Shrivastava Pradeep Kumar Pandey amp Vidyarthi V
P ldquoBanking Reforms and Globalizationrdquo A P H Publishing
Corporation New Delhi
27 Patnaik U C ldquoRural banking in Indiardquo Anmol Publications Ltd
28 Purushothama MK ldquoBusiness Research Methodsrdquo R Chand amp
company New Delhi 2009
29 Ravikumar T ldquoAsset Liability Managementrdquo Vision Books New
Delhi 2006
30 Reddy C R ldquoRural Banking in Indiardquo Mittal Publication New Delhi
1979
31 Renu Tyagi ldquoRole of banks for rural development in Indiardquo Sarup amp
sons New Delhi 1993
32 S N Bidani ldquoManaging ndashNon-performing asset in banksrdquo Vision
books pvt Ltd2002
33 SB Verma ldquoRisk Managementrdquo Deep amp Deep Publication Pvt Ltd
New Delhi 2005
34 Saxena R M ldquoDevelopment Banking in Indiardquo Vora Publications
Mumbai
35 Patnaik U C ldquoRural banking in Indiardquo Anmol Publications Ltd
254
36 Shyam Charan Acharya amp Ashok kumar Mohanty ldquoOperational
analysis of Regional Rural Banksrdquo Kalpaz Publications Delhi 2006
37 Sonara C K ldquoRegional Rural Banks in Indiardquo Anmol Publication
Ltd New Delhi 1988
38 Subba Rao ldquoPrinciples amp Practice of Bank Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Bombay 1985
39 Subramanya K N ldquoModern Banking in Indiardquo Deep and Deep
Publishers New Delhi
40 Sultan Singh ldquoBanking Sector Reforms in Indiardquo Kanishka
Publishers
41 Timothy WKoch amp Scott MacDonald S ldquoBank Managementrdquo
Thomson Asia Pte Ltd Singapur 2004
42 Upaal R K and Rimpy Kaur ldquoBanking Sector Reforms I Indiardquo A
Review of post-1991 Developments International Specialized Book
Service
43 Varma H L amp Mahotra A K ldquoFunds Management in Commercial
Banksrdquo Deep amp Deep Publications New Delhi 1993
44 Vasant Desai ldquoDevelopment Bankingrdquo Himalaya Publishing House
Bombay 1985
45 Vasudev Shetty S ldquoSome issues on rural development strategies amp
practices of rural development in Indiardquo Arihant Publishers Jaipur
1990
46 Vijayaraghavan G ldquoBank credit management text and casesrdquo
Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2013
47 Vivek and Asthana PN ldquoFinancial Risk Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Mumbai 2009
255
48 Wadhav C D ldquoRural Bank for Rural Developmentrdquo The Macmillan
Company of India Ltd New Delhi 1988
ARTICLES
1 Augustine Retamu amp PGanesan ldquoProfit amp Profitability of
Cooperative Banksrdquo The case of Banques popularires (People Bank)
of Rwanda Indian Management studies Journal No12 2008
2 Brinds Jagirdar and Alendu K Dubey ldquoPerformance of Public sector
Banksrdquo The Indian Banker Vol ll No 12 December 2007
3 Devi Premnath and Gowry R (Online) ldquoAsset Liability
Management in Punjab National Bank ndash With Reference to their
Interest Rate Sensitivityrdquo Research Journal of Finance amp
Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) Issue 2222-2847 Vol 2 No 3
2011
4 Dr BCharumati (Online) ldquoAsset Liability Management in Indian
Banking Industry ndash With Special Reference to Interest Rate Risk
Management in ICICI Bankrdquo Proceedings of the World Congress on
Engineering 2008 Vol II WCE 2008 Jul-2-42008 London UK
5 Dr BCharumati ldquoMeasuring Interest Rate in Indian Banksrdquo Journal
of Accounting amp Finance Vol 24 No 1 October 2009 ndash March
2010
6 Joshipura JP ldquomeasuring performance of banks using financial
ratiordquo The Indian Banker Published by the Indian Banksrsquo
Association Vol lV No 7 July 2009
7 Kapil Sharma and PR Kulkarni ldquoAsset Liability Management
Approach Indian Banksrdquo A Review and Suggestion Journal of
Accounting and Finance Vol 20 No 2 April-September 2006
256
8 Mishra M N ldquoAnalysis of Profitability and Growth of commercial
Banksrdquo Indian Journal of Banking and Finance Vol5 1992
9 Ram Pratap Singh amp Biswajit chattersee ldquooff balance sheet
Exposures of Indian Commercial Banksrdquo The Indian Economic
Journal Volume55 (4) Jan-march 2008
10 Sandeep Goel ldquoFinancial Appraisal of banking Industry- A
comparative insight of ICICI Bank and State bank of Indiardquo
Management Accounting amp Business Finance January 2009
11 Selvakumar M amp Kathiravan ldquoA study of profitability performance
of public sector banks in Indiardquo Indian Journals of Finance Vol lll
No 9 September 2009
12 Shamala A ldquoNPAs in Indian banking sector Impact on profitabilityrdquo
Indian Streams Research Journal June 2012
13 Singh Satya Dev amp Singh Rajeshkumar ldquoProfitability Determinants
of Banks in Indiardquo Advances In Management Monthly Journal
Volume 2 (6) June 2009
REPORTS
1 Annual reports of KGB from 2005-06 to 2011-12
2 Basel II Framework amp India Compliance vs Opportunity Indian
Bankrsquo Association June 2004
3 Bidar District At a Glance 2012-13
4 Current Perspective on Risk Management Indian Bankrsquo Association
April 2006
5 Gulbarga District At a Glance 2012-13
6 Yadgiri District At a Glance 2012-13
257
258
DAILIES
1 Deccan Herald
2 The Hindu
3 Business Line
WEBLIOGRAPHY
1 bisorgcom
2 httppaperssrrncom
3 rbinotificationcom
4 wwwamazoncom
5 wwwbankruptrbiorgin
6 wwwbisorgin
7 wwwibaorgin
8 wwwiupindiaorgin
9 wwwjemtnet
10 wwwkrishna grameenabankcom
11 wwwnirdorgin
12 wwwrbiorgin
13 wwwrdaindianet
14 wwwrmaorgcom
xxvi
ANNEXURE
259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
PUBLISHED PAPERS
ISSN 0970-7247
~~
Rs 1000 JANUARY 2010
275 Annual Subscription Rs 100
An International Journal oldeas
Indias External Threats
Nuclear Deterrence
Mghanistans Uncertain Future
Ambedkar-Galldhi on Untouchability
Job Satisfaction
Pokhran to and USmiddot
I~CePI An International Journal
of Ideas Voll3 No275JANUARY Bs 1000
Editor BABUDDIN KHAN
THI1ID CONCEPT aims at providing a platform where a meaningful exchange ofideas can take place among the people of the Third World The attempt will be to communicate debate and disseminate information deas and alternatives for the resolution of the common problems facing humankind We wdcome ecntributions from academics journalists and even from those who may never have published anything before The only requirement is ~concern for and d(sire to understand and rake the issue of ollrtimo Conlributions may be descriptive allalylical
or theoretical They may be in the form of original articles reactions to previous contributions~ or even a comment on a prevailingsitualioll All contributions neatly-typed in double space may be addressed to
THIlill CONCEPT LB-14 Prakash Deep Building 7 Tolstoy Matg New Delhi-110 001 Phones 23711092 23712249 Fax No 23711092 E-mail thirdeonceptrediffmailcom Website wwwthirdconceptjournalcom
While the Editor accepts responsibility for the selection of materials to be published individual authors are responsible for the facts figures and views in theirarticies However~ the Editor reserves the right to edit the articles for reasons of space and clarity
Designed by Pt Tcjpal
[~(==INS=ID=E=J~bullbull~ Editorial
Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
11 Bidani S N ldquoManaging non-performing assets in banksrdquo vision
books pvt Ltd New Delhi 2002
12 Bidani SN Mitra PKand Pramodkumar ldquoCredit Risk
Managementrdquo Taxmann Publication New Delhi 2004
13 Desai S M ldquoPrinciples of Bank Managementrdquo Himalaya Publishing
House Bombay 1993
14 Desai S M ldquoRural Banking in Indiardquo Himalaya Publishing House
Mumbai 1998
15 Dileep Mehta amp Hung Gay Fung ldquoBank International Managementrdquo
Black well Publishing New Delhi 2004
16 Gupta SG ldquoStatistical Methodsrdquo Sultan Chand and Sons New Delhi
2008
17 Hari Misra ldquoBasel ll Framework and India Compliance vs
Opportunity A single Point Priemer for Practicing Bankers IBS
Publishing Pvt Ltd April 2004
18 Hari Misra ldquoCurrent Perspective on Risk Management Indian
Banking Industry IBS Publishing Pvt Ltd April 2006
19 Hosmani S B ldquoPerformance of Regional Rural Banks by Banksrdquo
Anmol Publication Ltd
20 Jain M K ldquoRural Banking and Rural Poorrdquo Well Publishers Jaipur
1989
21 Kohli RC ldquoPractical Approach to NPA Managementrdquo Taxmann
Publication New Delhi 2013
22 Kothari C R ldquoIndian Banking Social Banking and Profitabilityrdquo
Arihant Publishers Jaipur 1991
253
23 Kothari CR ldquoResearch Methods amp Techniquesrdquo Wiley Eastern
Limited New Delhi 1993
24 Krishnaswamy OR amp Ranganatham M ldquoMethodology of Research
in Social Sciencesrdquo Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2010
25 Maheshwari SN ldquoManagement Accounting and Financial Controlrdquo
Sultan Chand and Sons New Delhi 2006
26 Mohan Prasad Shrivastava Pradeep Kumar Pandey amp Vidyarthi V
P ldquoBanking Reforms and Globalizationrdquo A P H Publishing
Corporation New Delhi
27 Patnaik U C ldquoRural banking in Indiardquo Anmol Publications Ltd
28 Purushothama MK ldquoBusiness Research Methodsrdquo R Chand amp
company New Delhi 2009
29 Ravikumar T ldquoAsset Liability Managementrdquo Vision Books New
Delhi 2006
30 Reddy C R ldquoRural Banking in Indiardquo Mittal Publication New Delhi
1979
31 Renu Tyagi ldquoRole of banks for rural development in Indiardquo Sarup amp
sons New Delhi 1993
32 S N Bidani ldquoManaging ndashNon-performing asset in banksrdquo Vision
books pvt Ltd2002
33 SB Verma ldquoRisk Managementrdquo Deep amp Deep Publication Pvt Ltd
New Delhi 2005
34 Saxena R M ldquoDevelopment Banking in Indiardquo Vora Publications
Mumbai
35 Patnaik U C ldquoRural banking in Indiardquo Anmol Publications Ltd
254
36 Shyam Charan Acharya amp Ashok kumar Mohanty ldquoOperational
analysis of Regional Rural Banksrdquo Kalpaz Publications Delhi 2006
37 Sonara C K ldquoRegional Rural Banks in Indiardquo Anmol Publication
Ltd New Delhi 1988
38 Subba Rao ldquoPrinciples amp Practice of Bank Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Bombay 1985
39 Subramanya K N ldquoModern Banking in Indiardquo Deep and Deep
Publishers New Delhi
40 Sultan Singh ldquoBanking Sector Reforms in Indiardquo Kanishka
Publishers
41 Timothy WKoch amp Scott MacDonald S ldquoBank Managementrdquo
Thomson Asia Pte Ltd Singapur 2004
42 Upaal R K and Rimpy Kaur ldquoBanking Sector Reforms I Indiardquo A
Review of post-1991 Developments International Specialized Book
Service
43 Varma H L amp Mahotra A K ldquoFunds Management in Commercial
Banksrdquo Deep amp Deep Publications New Delhi 1993
44 Vasant Desai ldquoDevelopment Bankingrdquo Himalaya Publishing House
Bombay 1985
45 Vasudev Shetty S ldquoSome issues on rural development strategies amp
practices of rural development in Indiardquo Arihant Publishers Jaipur
1990
46 Vijayaraghavan G ldquoBank credit management text and casesrdquo
Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2013
47 Vivek and Asthana PN ldquoFinancial Risk Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Mumbai 2009
255
48 Wadhav C D ldquoRural Bank for Rural Developmentrdquo The Macmillan
Company of India Ltd New Delhi 1988
ARTICLES
1 Augustine Retamu amp PGanesan ldquoProfit amp Profitability of
Cooperative Banksrdquo The case of Banques popularires (People Bank)
of Rwanda Indian Management studies Journal No12 2008
2 Brinds Jagirdar and Alendu K Dubey ldquoPerformance of Public sector
Banksrdquo The Indian Banker Vol ll No 12 December 2007
3 Devi Premnath and Gowry R (Online) ldquoAsset Liability
Management in Punjab National Bank ndash With Reference to their
Interest Rate Sensitivityrdquo Research Journal of Finance amp
Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) Issue 2222-2847 Vol 2 No 3
2011
4 Dr BCharumati (Online) ldquoAsset Liability Management in Indian
Banking Industry ndash With Special Reference to Interest Rate Risk
Management in ICICI Bankrdquo Proceedings of the World Congress on
Engineering 2008 Vol II WCE 2008 Jul-2-42008 London UK
5 Dr BCharumati ldquoMeasuring Interest Rate in Indian Banksrdquo Journal
of Accounting amp Finance Vol 24 No 1 October 2009 ndash March
2010
6 Joshipura JP ldquomeasuring performance of banks using financial
ratiordquo The Indian Banker Published by the Indian Banksrsquo
Association Vol lV No 7 July 2009
7 Kapil Sharma and PR Kulkarni ldquoAsset Liability Management
Approach Indian Banksrdquo A Review and Suggestion Journal of
Accounting and Finance Vol 20 No 2 April-September 2006
256
8 Mishra M N ldquoAnalysis of Profitability and Growth of commercial
Banksrdquo Indian Journal of Banking and Finance Vol5 1992
9 Ram Pratap Singh amp Biswajit chattersee ldquooff balance sheet
Exposures of Indian Commercial Banksrdquo The Indian Economic
Journal Volume55 (4) Jan-march 2008
10 Sandeep Goel ldquoFinancial Appraisal of banking Industry- A
comparative insight of ICICI Bank and State bank of Indiardquo
Management Accounting amp Business Finance January 2009
11 Selvakumar M amp Kathiravan ldquoA study of profitability performance
of public sector banks in Indiardquo Indian Journals of Finance Vol lll
No 9 September 2009
12 Shamala A ldquoNPAs in Indian banking sector Impact on profitabilityrdquo
Indian Streams Research Journal June 2012
13 Singh Satya Dev amp Singh Rajeshkumar ldquoProfitability Determinants
of Banks in Indiardquo Advances In Management Monthly Journal
Volume 2 (6) June 2009
REPORTS
1 Annual reports of KGB from 2005-06 to 2011-12
2 Basel II Framework amp India Compliance vs Opportunity Indian
Bankrsquo Association June 2004
3 Bidar District At a Glance 2012-13
4 Current Perspective on Risk Management Indian Bankrsquo Association
April 2006
5 Gulbarga District At a Glance 2012-13
6 Yadgiri District At a Glance 2012-13
257
258
DAILIES
1 Deccan Herald
2 The Hindu
3 Business Line
WEBLIOGRAPHY
1 bisorgcom
2 httppaperssrrncom
3 rbinotificationcom
4 wwwamazoncom
5 wwwbankruptrbiorgin
6 wwwbisorgin
7 wwwibaorgin
8 wwwiupindiaorgin
9 wwwjemtnet
10 wwwkrishna grameenabankcom
11 wwwnirdorgin
12 wwwrbiorgin
13 wwwrdaindianet
14 wwwrmaorgcom
xxvi
ANNEXURE
259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
PUBLISHED PAPERS
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I~CePI An International Journal
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Editor BABUDDIN KHAN
THI1ID CONCEPT aims at providing a platform where a meaningful exchange ofideas can take place among the people of the Third World The attempt will be to communicate debate and disseminate information deas and alternatives for the resolution of the common problems facing humankind We wdcome ecntributions from academics journalists and even from those who may never have published anything before The only requirement is ~concern for and d(sire to understand and rake the issue of ollrtimo Conlributions may be descriptive allalylical
or theoretical They may be in the form of original articles reactions to previous contributions~ or even a comment on a prevailingsitualioll All contributions neatly-typed in double space may be addressed to
THIlill CONCEPT LB-14 Prakash Deep Building 7 Tolstoy Matg New Delhi-110 001 Phones 23711092 23712249 Fax No 23711092 E-mail thirdeonceptrediffmailcom Website wwwthirdconceptjournalcom
While the Editor accepts responsibility for the selection of materials to be published individual authors are responsible for the facts figures and views in theirarticies However~ the Editor reserves the right to edit the articles for reasons of space and clarity
Designed by Pt Tcjpal
[~(==INS=ID=E=J~bullbull~ Editorial
Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
23 Kothari CR ldquoResearch Methods amp Techniquesrdquo Wiley Eastern
Limited New Delhi 1993
24 Krishnaswamy OR amp Ranganatham M ldquoMethodology of Research
in Social Sciencesrdquo Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2010
25 Maheshwari SN ldquoManagement Accounting and Financial Controlrdquo
Sultan Chand and Sons New Delhi 2006
26 Mohan Prasad Shrivastava Pradeep Kumar Pandey amp Vidyarthi V
P ldquoBanking Reforms and Globalizationrdquo A P H Publishing
Corporation New Delhi
27 Patnaik U C ldquoRural banking in Indiardquo Anmol Publications Ltd
28 Purushothama MK ldquoBusiness Research Methodsrdquo R Chand amp
company New Delhi 2009
29 Ravikumar T ldquoAsset Liability Managementrdquo Vision Books New
Delhi 2006
30 Reddy C R ldquoRural Banking in Indiardquo Mittal Publication New Delhi
1979
31 Renu Tyagi ldquoRole of banks for rural development in Indiardquo Sarup amp
sons New Delhi 1993
32 S N Bidani ldquoManaging ndashNon-performing asset in banksrdquo Vision
books pvt Ltd2002
33 SB Verma ldquoRisk Managementrdquo Deep amp Deep Publication Pvt Ltd
New Delhi 2005
34 Saxena R M ldquoDevelopment Banking in Indiardquo Vora Publications
Mumbai
35 Patnaik U C ldquoRural banking in Indiardquo Anmol Publications Ltd
254
36 Shyam Charan Acharya amp Ashok kumar Mohanty ldquoOperational
analysis of Regional Rural Banksrdquo Kalpaz Publications Delhi 2006
37 Sonara C K ldquoRegional Rural Banks in Indiardquo Anmol Publication
Ltd New Delhi 1988
38 Subba Rao ldquoPrinciples amp Practice of Bank Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Bombay 1985
39 Subramanya K N ldquoModern Banking in Indiardquo Deep and Deep
Publishers New Delhi
40 Sultan Singh ldquoBanking Sector Reforms in Indiardquo Kanishka
Publishers
41 Timothy WKoch amp Scott MacDonald S ldquoBank Managementrdquo
Thomson Asia Pte Ltd Singapur 2004
42 Upaal R K and Rimpy Kaur ldquoBanking Sector Reforms I Indiardquo A
Review of post-1991 Developments International Specialized Book
Service
43 Varma H L amp Mahotra A K ldquoFunds Management in Commercial
Banksrdquo Deep amp Deep Publications New Delhi 1993
44 Vasant Desai ldquoDevelopment Bankingrdquo Himalaya Publishing House
Bombay 1985
45 Vasudev Shetty S ldquoSome issues on rural development strategies amp
practices of rural development in Indiardquo Arihant Publishers Jaipur
1990
46 Vijayaraghavan G ldquoBank credit management text and casesrdquo
Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2013
47 Vivek and Asthana PN ldquoFinancial Risk Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Mumbai 2009
255
48 Wadhav C D ldquoRural Bank for Rural Developmentrdquo The Macmillan
Company of India Ltd New Delhi 1988
ARTICLES
1 Augustine Retamu amp PGanesan ldquoProfit amp Profitability of
Cooperative Banksrdquo The case of Banques popularires (People Bank)
of Rwanda Indian Management studies Journal No12 2008
2 Brinds Jagirdar and Alendu K Dubey ldquoPerformance of Public sector
Banksrdquo The Indian Banker Vol ll No 12 December 2007
3 Devi Premnath and Gowry R (Online) ldquoAsset Liability
Management in Punjab National Bank ndash With Reference to their
Interest Rate Sensitivityrdquo Research Journal of Finance amp
Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) Issue 2222-2847 Vol 2 No 3
2011
4 Dr BCharumati (Online) ldquoAsset Liability Management in Indian
Banking Industry ndash With Special Reference to Interest Rate Risk
Management in ICICI Bankrdquo Proceedings of the World Congress on
Engineering 2008 Vol II WCE 2008 Jul-2-42008 London UK
5 Dr BCharumati ldquoMeasuring Interest Rate in Indian Banksrdquo Journal
of Accounting amp Finance Vol 24 No 1 October 2009 ndash March
2010
6 Joshipura JP ldquomeasuring performance of banks using financial
ratiordquo The Indian Banker Published by the Indian Banksrsquo
Association Vol lV No 7 July 2009
7 Kapil Sharma and PR Kulkarni ldquoAsset Liability Management
Approach Indian Banksrdquo A Review and Suggestion Journal of
Accounting and Finance Vol 20 No 2 April-September 2006
256
8 Mishra M N ldquoAnalysis of Profitability and Growth of commercial
Banksrdquo Indian Journal of Banking and Finance Vol5 1992
9 Ram Pratap Singh amp Biswajit chattersee ldquooff balance sheet
Exposures of Indian Commercial Banksrdquo The Indian Economic
Journal Volume55 (4) Jan-march 2008
10 Sandeep Goel ldquoFinancial Appraisal of banking Industry- A
comparative insight of ICICI Bank and State bank of Indiardquo
Management Accounting amp Business Finance January 2009
11 Selvakumar M amp Kathiravan ldquoA study of profitability performance
of public sector banks in Indiardquo Indian Journals of Finance Vol lll
No 9 September 2009
12 Shamala A ldquoNPAs in Indian banking sector Impact on profitabilityrdquo
Indian Streams Research Journal June 2012
13 Singh Satya Dev amp Singh Rajeshkumar ldquoProfitability Determinants
of Banks in Indiardquo Advances In Management Monthly Journal
Volume 2 (6) June 2009
REPORTS
1 Annual reports of KGB from 2005-06 to 2011-12
2 Basel II Framework amp India Compliance vs Opportunity Indian
Bankrsquo Association June 2004
3 Bidar District At a Glance 2012-13
4 Current Perspective on Risk Management Indian Bankrsquo Association
April 2006
5 Gulbarga District At a Glance 2012-13
6 Yadgiri District At a Glance 2012-13
257
258
DAILIES
1 Deccan Herald
2 The Hindu
3 Business Line
WEBLIOGRAPHY
1 bisorgcom
2 httppaperssrrncom
3 rbinotificationcom
4 wwwamazoncom
5 wwwbankruptrbiorgin
6 wwwbisorgin
7 wwwibaorgin
8 wwwiupindiaorgin
9 wwwjemtnet
10 wwwkrishna grameenabankcom
11 wwwnirdorgin
12 wwwrbiorgin
13 wwwrdaindianet
14 wwwrmaorgcom
xxvi
ANNEXURE
259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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[~(==INS=ID=E=J~bullbull~ Editorial
Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
36 Shyam Charan Acharya amp Ashok kumar Mohanty ldquoOperational
analysis of Regional Rural Banksrdquo Kalpaz Publications Delhi 2006
37 Sonara C K ldquoRegional Rural Banks in Indiardquo Anmol Publication
Ltd New Delhi 1988
38 Subba Rao ldquoPrinciples amp Practice of Bank Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Bombay 1985
39 Subramanya K N ldquoModern Banking in Indiardquo Deep and Deep
Publishers New Delhi
40 Sultan Singh ldquoBanking Sector Reforms in Indiardquo Kanishka
Publishers
41 Timothy WKoch amp Scott MacDonald S ldquoBank Managementrdquo
Thomson Asia Pte Ltd Singapur 2004
42 Upaal R K and Rimpy Kaur ldquoBanking Sector Reforms I Indiardquo A
Review of post-1991 Developments International Specialized Book
Service
43 Varma H L amp Mahotra A K ldquoFunds Management in Commercial
Banksrdquo Deep amp Deep Publications New Delhi 1993
44 Vasant Desai ldquoDevelopment Bankingrdquo Himalaya Publishing House
Bombay 1985
45 Vasudev Shetty S ldquoSome issues on rural development strategies amp
practices of rural development in Indiardquo Arihant Publishers Jaipur
1990
46 Vijayaraghavan G ldquoBank credit management text and casesrdquo
Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai 2013
47 Vivek and Asthana PN ldquoFinancial Risk Managementrdquo Himalaya
Publishing House Mumbai 2009
255
48 Wadhav C D ldquoRural Bank for Rural Developmentrdquo The Macmillan
Company of India Ltd New Delhi 1988
ARTICLES
1 Augustine Retamu amp PGanesan ldquoProfit amp Profitability of
Cooperative Banksrdquo The case of Banques popularires (People Bank)
of Rwanda Indian Management studies Journal No12 2008
2 Brinds Jagirdar and Alendu K Dubey ldquoPerformance of Public sector
Banksrdquo The Indian Banker Vol ll No 12 December 2007
3 Devi Premnath and Gowry R (Online) ldquoAsset Liability
Management in Punjab National Bank ndash With Reference to their
Interest Rate Sensitivityrdquo Research Journal of Finance amp
Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) Issue 2222-2847 Vol 2 No 3
2011
4 Dr BCharumati (Online) ldquoAsset Liability Management in Indian
Banking Industry ndash With Special Reference to Interest Rate Risk
Management in ICICI Bankrdquo Proceedings of the World Congress on
Engineering 2008 Vol II WCE 2008 Jul-2-42008 London UK
5 Dr BCharumati ldquoMeasuring Interest Rate in Indian Banksrdquo Journal
of Accounting amp Finance Vol 24 No 1 October 2009 ndash March
2010
6 Joshipura JP ldquomeasuring performance of banks using financial
ratiordquo The Indian Banker Published by the Indian Banksrsquo
Association Vol lV No 7 July 2009
7 Kapil Sharma and PR Kulkarni ldquoAsset Liability Management
Approach Indian Banksrdquo A Review and Suggestion Journal of
Accounting and Finance Vol 20 No 2 April-September 2006
256
8 Mishra M N ldquoAnalysis of Profitability and Growth of commercial
Banksrdquo Indian Journal of Banking and Finance Vol5 1992
9 Ram Pratap Singh amp Biswajit chattersee ldquooff balance sheet
Exposures of Indian Commercial Banksrdquo The Indian Economic
Journal Volume55 (4) Jan-march 2008
10 Sandeep Goel ldquoFinancial Appraisal of banking Industry- A
comparative insight of ICICI Bank and State bank of Indiardquo
Management Accounting amp Business Finance January 2009
11 Selvakumar M amp Kathiravan ldquoA study of profitability performance
of public sector banks in Indiardquo Indian Journals of Finance Vol lll
No 9 September 2009
12 Shamala A ldquoNPAs in Indian banking sector Impact on profitabilityrdquo
Indian Streams Research Journal June 2012
13 Singh Satya Dev amp Singh Rajeshkumar ldquoProfitability Determinants
of Banks in Indiardquo Advances In Management Monthly Journal
Volume 2 (6) June 2009
REPORTS
1 Annual reports of KGB from 2005-06 to 2011-12
2 Basel II Framework amp India Compliance vs Opportunity Indian
Bankrsquo Association June 2004
3 Bidar District At a Glance 2012-13
4 Current Perspective on Risk Management Indian Bankrsquo Association
April 2006
5 Gulbarga District At a Glance 2012-13
6 Yadgiri District At a Glance 2012-13
257
258
DAILIES
1 Deccan Herald
2 The Hindu
3 Business Line
WEBLIOGRAPHY
1 bisorgcom
2 httppaperssrrncom
3 rbinotificationcom
4 wwwamazoncom
5 wwwbankruptrbiorgin
6 wwwbisorgin
7 wwwibaorgin
8 wwwiupindiaorgin
9 wwwjemtnet
10 wwwkrishna grameenabankcom
11 wwwnirdorgin
12 wwwrbiorgin
13 wwwrdaindianet
14 wwwrmaorgcom
xxvi
ANNEXURE
259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
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Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
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Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
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Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
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Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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48 Wadhav C D ldquoRural Bank for Rural Developmentrdquo The Macmillan
Company of India Ltd New Delhi 1988
ARTICLES
1 Augustine Retamu amp PGanesan ldquoProfit amp Profitability of
Cooperative Banksrdquo The case of Banques popularires (People Bank)
of Rwanda Indian Management studies Journal No12 2008
2 Brinds Jagirdar and Alendu K Dubey ldquoPerformance of Public sector
Banksrdquo The Indian Banker Vol ll No 12 December 2007
3 Devi Premnath and Gowry R (Online) ldquoAsset Liability
Management in Punjab National Bank ndash With Reference to their
Interest Rate Sensitivityrdquo Research Journal of Finance amp
Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) Issue 2222-2847 Vol 2 No 3
2011
4 Dr BCharumati (Online) ldquoAsset Liability Management in Indian
Banking Industry ndash With Special Reference to Interest Rate Risk
Management in ICICI Bankrdquo Proceedings of the World Congress on
Engineering 2008 Vol II WCE 2008 Jul-2-42008 London UK
5 Dr BCharumati ldquoMeasuring Interest Rate in Indian Banksrdquo Journal
of Accounting amp Finance Vol 24 No 1 October 2009 ndash March
2010
6 Joshipura JP ldquomeasuring performance of banks using financial
ratiordquo The Indian Banker Published by the Indian Banksrsquo
Association Vol lV No 7 July 2009
7 Kapil Sharma and PR Kulkarni ldquoAsset Liability Management
Approach Indian Banksrdquo A Review and Suggestion Journal of
Accounting and Finance Vol 20 No 2 April-September 2006
256
8 Mishra M N ldquoAnalysis of Profitability and Growth of commercial
Banksrdquo Indian Journal of Banking and Finance Vol5 1992
9 Ram Pratap Singh amp Biswajit chattersee ldquooff balance sheet
Exposures of Indian Commercial Banksrdquo The Indian Economic
Journal Volume55 (4) Jan-march 2008
10 Sandeep Goel ldquoFinancial Appraisal of banking Industry- A
comparative insight of ICICI Bank and State bank of Indiardquo
Management Accounting amp Business Finance January 2009
11 Selvakumar M amp Kathiravan ldquoA study of profitability performance
of public sector banks in Indiardquo Indian Journals of Finance Vol lll
No 9 September 2009
12 Shamala A ldquoNPAs in Indian banking sector Impact on profitabilityrdquo
Indian Streams Research Journal June 2012
13 Singh Satya Dev amp Singh Rajeshkumar ldquoProfitability Determinants
of Banks in Indiardquo Advances In Management Monthly Journal
Volume 2 (6) June 2009
REPORTS
1 Annual reports of KGB from 2005-06 to 2011-12
2 Basel II Framework amp India Compliance vs Opportunity Indian
Bankrsquo Association June 2004
3 Bidar District At a Glance 2012-13
4 Current Perspective on Risk Management Indian Bankrsquo Association
April 2006
5 Gulbarga District At a Glance 2012-13
6 Yadgiri District At a Glance 2012-13
257
258
DAILIES
1 Deccan Herald
2 The Hindu
3 Business Line
WEBLIOGRAPHY
1 bisorgcom
2 httppaperssrrncom
3 rbinotificationcom
4 wwwamazoncom
5 wwwbankruptrbiorgin
6 wwwbisorgin
7 wwwibaorgin
8 wwwiupindiaorgin
9 wwwjemtnet
10 wwwkrishna grameenabankcom
11 wwwnirdorgin
12 wwwrbiorgin
13 wwwrdaindianet
14 wwwrmaorgcom
xxvi
ANNEXURE
259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
PUBLISHED PAPERS
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Designed by Pt Tcjpal
[~(==INS=ID=E=J~bullbull~ Editorial
Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 7: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8 Mishra M N ldquoAnalysis of Profitability and Growth of commercial
Banksrdquo Indian Journal of Banking and Finance Vol5 1992
9 Ram Pratap Singh amp Biswajit chattersee ldquooff balance sheet
Exposures of Indian Commercial Banksrdquo The Indian Economic
Journal Volume55 (4) Jan-march 2008
10 Sandeep Goel ldquoFinancial Appraisal of banking Industry- A
comparative insight of ICICI Bank and State bank of Indiardquo
Management Accounting amp Business Finance January 2009
11 Selvakumar M amp Kathiravan ldquoA study of profitability performance
of public sector banks in Indiardquo Indian Journals of Finance Vol lll
No 9 September 2009
12 Shamala A ldquoNPAs in Indian banking sector Impact on profitabilityrdquo
Indian Streams Research Journal June 2012
13 Singh Satya Dev amp Singh Rajeshkumar ldquoProfitability Determinants
of Banks in Indiardquo Advances In Management Monthly Journal
Volume 2 (6) June 2009
REPORTS
1 Annual reports of KGB from 2005-06 to 2011-12
2 Basel II Framework amp India Compliance vs Opportunity Indian
Bankrsquo Association June 2004
3 Bidar District At a Glance 2012-13
4 Current Perspective on Risk Management Indian Bankrsquo Association
April 2006
5 Gulbarga District At a Glance 2012-13
6 Yadgiri District At a Glance 2012-13
257
258
DAILIES
1 Deccan Herald
2 The Hindu
3 Business Line
WEBLIOGRAPHY
1 bisorgcom
2 httppaperssrrncom
3 rbinotificationcom
4 wwwamazoncom
5 wwwbankruptrbiorgin
6 wwwbisorgin
7 wwwibaorgin
8 wwwiupindiaorgin
9 wwwjemtnet
10 wwwkrishna grameenabankcom
11 wwwnirdorgin
12 wwwrbiorgin
13 wwwrdaindianet
14 wwwrmaorgcom
xxvi
ANNEXURE
259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Designed by Pt Tcjpal
[~(==INS=ID=E=J~bullbull~ Editorial
Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Contact
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Augus 1 2012 14
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258
DAILIES
1 Deccan Herald
2 The Hindu
3 Business Line
WEBLIOGRAPHY
1 bisorgcom
2 httppaperssrrncom
3 rbinotificationcom
4 wwwamazoncom
5 wwwbankruptrbiorgin
6 wwwbisorgin
7 wwwibaorgin
8 wwwiupindiaorgin
9 wwwjemtnet
10 wwwkrishna grameenabankcom
11 wwwnirdorgin
12 wwwrbiorgin
13 wwwrdaindianet
14 wwwrmaorgcom
xxvi
ANNEXURE
259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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[~(==INS=ID=E=J~bullbull~ Editorial
Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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xxvi
ANNEXURE
259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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[~(==INS=ID=E=J~bullbull~ Editorial
Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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259
ANNEXURE
Maturity Profile ndash Liquidity
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands
A) Outflows
1 Capital Reserves amp Surplus
Over 5 years band
2 Demand deposits (Current and savings bank deposits)
Savings bank and current deposits may be classified into volatile and core portions saving bank (10) and current (15) deposits are generally withdrawable on demand This portion may be treated as volatile While volatile portion can be placed in the first time band ie 1-14 days the core portion may be placed in over-1-3 years time band
The above classification of savings bank and current deposits is only a benchmark Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify them in the appropriate time bands ie behavioural maturity instead of contractural maturity subject to the approval of the Board ALCO
3 Term deposits Respective residual (remaining period to maturity) time bands Banks which are better equipped to estimate the behavioural pattern on renewals premature closures etc on the basis of past data empirical studies could classify the retail deposits in the appropriate time bands on the basis of behavioural maturity rather than residual maturity However the wholesale deposits (deposits over Rs15 lakhs and interbank deposits) should be shown under respective residual time bands
4 Certificates of deposit borrowings and bonds (including sub-ordinate debt)
Respective residual time bands
5 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable 1-14 days time band
ii) Branch adjustments The net credit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band
iii) Provisions other than for loan loss and
Respective time bands depending on the purpose
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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[~(==INS=ID=E=J~bullbull~ Editorial
Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands depreciation in investment
iv) Other liabilities Respective time bands Items not representing cash payables ie guarantee fee received in advance etc may be placed in over 5 years time bands
B) Inflows
1 Cash 1-14 days time bands
2 Balances with RBI public sector banks for CRR SLR purpose
While the excess balance over the required CRR SLR may be shown under 1-14 days time bands the statutory balances may be distributed amongst various time bands corresponding to the maturity profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-withdrawable portion on account of stipulations of minimum balances may be shown under over 1-3 years time band and the remaining balances may be shown under 1-14 days time band
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Respective residual maturity time bands
i) Approved securities Respective residual maturity time bands excluding the amount required to be reinvested to maintain SLR corresponding to the DTL profile in various time bands
ii) PSU bonds CDs and CPs units of UTI (close ended) etc
Respective residual time bands investments classified as NPAs should be shown under over 3-5 years time bands (sub-standard) or over 5 years time band (doubtful)
iii) Equity of all India FIs Units of UTI (Open ended)
Over 5 years time bands
iv) Securities in the Trading Book
1-14 15-28 and 29-90 time bands corresponding to defiance period
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Respective residual maturity time bands
ii) Cash credit Overdraft (including TOD) and demand loan component of working capital
Banks should undertake a study of behavioural and seasonal pattern of availments based on outstanding and the core and volatile portion should be identified While the volatile portion
260
Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
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Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
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Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
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First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Augus 1 2012 14
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Heads of Accounts Classification into time bands could be shown in the near-term maturity time bands the core portion may be shown under over 1-3 years time band
iii) Term loans Interim cash flows (installments) should be shown under respective maturity time bands
6 NPAs (Net of provisions overdue interest reserves and claims received from ECGC DICGC)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
7 Fixed assets Over 5 years time bands
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments The net debit balance may be shown in 1-14 days time band Intangible assets and assets not representing cash receivables may be shown in over 5 years time band
C) Contingent Liabilities Lines of Credit Committed Available and other inflows Outflows
i) Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital limits (outflow)
Banks should undertake a study of the behavioural and seasonal pattern of potential availments in the accounts and the amounts so arrived at may be shown under relevant residual maturity time bands within 12 months
1-14 days time band
Letters of credit guarantees development (outflow)
Based on past history these should be distributed across time bands
Repos Bills Rediscounted (DUPN) (Outflow inflow)
Respective residual maturity time bands
Interest payable receivable (outflow inflow) ndash accrued interest which are appearing in the books on the reporting day
Respective time bands
261
Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
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Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
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Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
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Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Augus 1 2012 14
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Financing of Gap
In case the negative gap exceeds the prudential limit of 20 of outflows (1-14
and 15-28 days time bands) the bank may show by way of a footnote as to how
it proposes to finance the gap to bring the mismatch within the prescribed
limits The gap can be financed from market borrowings (call term) Bills
Rediscounting Repos and deployment of foreign currency resources after
conversion into rupees (unswapped foreign currency funds) etc
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Liabilities
1 Capital Reserves and Surplus
Non sensitive
2 Current deposits Non-sensitive
3 Savings bank deposits Sensitive to the extent of interest paying (core) portion This should be included in over 3-6 months time band The non-interest paying portion may be shown in non-sensitive band
4 Term deposits and certificates of deposit
Sensitive reprices or resetting of interest rates on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining term to maturity
5 Borrowings ndash Fixed Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to different time bands on the basis of remaining maturity
6 Borrowings ndash Floating Sensitive reprices when interest rate is reset The amounts should be distributed to the appropriate time band that refers to the resetting date
7 Borrowings ndash Zero Coupon
Sensitive reprices on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity time band
8 Borrowings from RBI Up to 3 months time band
9 Refinances from other agencies
Fixed rate As per respective maturity
Floating rate Reprices when interest rate is reset
262
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
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Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
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Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
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First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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(Effective From Jan 2011)
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bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
10 Other liabilities and provisions
i) Bills payable Non sensitive
ii) Branch adjustments Non sensitive
iii) Provisions Non sensitive
iv) Others Non sensitive
11 Repos Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
Sensitive prices only on maturity and should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
Assets
1 Cash Non sensitive
2 Balances with RBI Interest earning portion may be shown in over 3-6 months time band The balance amount is non-sensitive
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current account Non-sensitive
ii) Money at call and short-notice term deposits and other placements
Sensitive on maturity The amounts should be distributed to the respective maturity bands
4 Investments (performing)
i) Fixed rate Zero coupon
Sensitive on maturity
ii) Floating rate Sensitive at the next repricing date
5 Shares of All India FIs Units of UTI
Non-sensitive
6 Advances (performing)
Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
Sensitive on maturity
263
Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
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First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Heads of Accounts Rate sensitivity and time band
Cash credits Overdrafts (including TODs) Loans repayable on demand and term loans
Sensitive may be shown under over 3-6 months time band
7 NPAs (Advances and investments)
i) Sub-standard Over 3-5 years time band
ii) Doubtful and loss Over 5 years time band
8 Fixed assets Non-sensitive
9 Other assets
Inter-office Non-sensitive
Adjustment Non sensitive
Others
10 Other products (interest rate)
Other Should be suitably classified as and when introduced
264
Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
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Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
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Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Outflows Inflows
Rs in Lakhs
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Saving Bank
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities and provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Unavailed portion of cash credit overdraft demand loan component of working capital
7 Letters of credit guarantees
8 Bills rediscounted (DUPN)
9 Interest payable
10 Others (specify)
A) Total outflows Inflows
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks
i) Current Account
ii) Money at call and short notices term deposits and other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (Performing)
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
265
Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
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First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
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FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Augus 1 2012 14
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Residual Maturity
Sl No Outflows Inflows 1 to
14 days
15 to 28
days
29 days and up to 3
months
Over 3 months and
up to 6 months
Over 6 months and up to 1 year
Over 1 year and up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
iii) Term loans
6 NPAs (Advances and Investments)
7 Fixed assets
8 Other assets
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
10 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
11 Interest receivable
12 Others (specify)
B Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative Mismatch
E C as to A
266
Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
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Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
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Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
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First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Augus 1 2012 14
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Statement of Interest Rate Sensitivity as on
Rs in Lakhs
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
Liabilities
1 Capital
2 Reserves amp Surplus
3 Deposits XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Deposits
ii) Savings Bank Deposits
iii) Term Deposits
iv) Certificates of Deposit
4 Borrowings XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Call amp Short notice
ii) Inter-bank (term)
iii) Refinances
iv) Others (specify)
5 Other liabilities amp provisions XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills payable
ii) Branch adjustments
iii) Provisions
iv) Others (specify)
6 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
7 Others (specify)
A TOTAL LIABILITIES
Excluding provisions for NPAs and investments
Assets
1 Cash
2 Balances with RBI
3 Balances with other banks XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Current Account
ii) Money at Call and Short Notice Term Deposits amp other placements and balances with other banks
4 Investments
5 Advances (performing) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Bills purchased and discounted (including bills under DUPN)
ii) Cash credits overdrafts and loans repayable on demand
iii) Term Loans
267
Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
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Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
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Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Augus 1 2012 14
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Interest rate sensitivity
Liabilities Assets Up to 3 months
Over 3-months amp up to 6 months
Over 6 months amp up
to 1 year
Over 1 year amp up to 3 years
Over 3 years and up to 5 years
Over 5 years
Non-sensitive
total Total
6 NPAs (Advances amp Investments)
7 Fixed Assets
8 Other assets XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) Branch adjustments
ii) Others (specify)
9 Bills Rediscounted (DUPN)
10 Others (specify)
B Total Assets
C GaP (b-a)
Other products (Interest rate) XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
i) FRAs
ii) Swaps
iii) Futures
iv) Options
v) Others (specify)
D Total Other Products
E Net GAP (C-D)
F Cumulative Gap
G E as to B
268
269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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Turbulent Legacy 5
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Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
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Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
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First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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269
Statement of Short-term Dynamic Liquidity as on _______
Rs in Lakhs
Particulars 1 to 14 days
15 to 28 days
29 to 90 days
A Outflows
1 Net increase in loans and advances
2 Net increase in investments
Approved securities
Money market instruments (other than Treasury bills)
Bonds Debentures Shares
Others
3 Inter-bank commitments
4 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
5 Others
Total Outflows
B Inflows
1 Net cash position
2 Net increase in deposits (less CRR obligations)
3 Interest on investments
4 Inter-bank claims
5 Off-balance sheet Items (bills discounted etc)
6 Others
Total Inflows
C Mismatch (B-A)
D Cumulative mismatch
E C as a to total outflows
xxvii
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FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
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Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
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Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
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Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
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Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
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Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
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First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
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Turbulent Legacy 5
BK
External fhreats to India 7
Dr Arvind Kumar
Politics ofNuclear Deterrence 12
Nimil Kumar Gupta
Afghanistans Uncertain Future 15
Ritu Agrawal
Ambedkar Gandhi and Eradication of Untouchability 21
Dr Vjaykumar H Salimani
Marketing ofCornputers and Internet in India 28
DJ V Sathuragiri
Women YictimsofDomestic Vio1en--e 32
SuelldraK and A_ G Khan Job Satisfuction 36shy
Ms Neera Chopra and Dr MAltaKhan
Financial Performance ofKrishna GrameenaBank 41
Morage Prakash V amp Prof Boothpur Vljaya
Impact ofPokhran 1l Tests on Indo-US Relations 47
D Sivakumar
Corporate Governance in Organisations 53
Shibu N S
First Report ofthe Committee On Public Undertakings (20092010) (Fifteenth Lok Sabha) 56
V Kishore ChandraS Deo
FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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FinanCial Performance of Krishna Grameena Bank Morage Prakash V and Prof Boothpur Vijaya
[Profit is the major objective ofevery btzsmess organization The sU9sS orfailure ofthe bank is mainly based on t~efinancialposition ofbank Profit determines thefinancial position and solvency ofthe bank It serves as a yardstickfor judging the competence and efficiency ofthe management In recem years there have been considerable pressures on the profitability ofbanks due to stiff competition in the market Profitability is considered to be an index offinancial health The bank should have sufficient income to pay a reasonable amount ofinterest to depositors cover its operating expenses and to provide the shareholders sufficient return on their investments In order to measure the financial performance of a bank profitability ratios are the main important and reliable indicators]
Tle Krishna Grameena Bank (KGB) is one of the leading regional rural banks The
financial perfonnance ofKGB is measured by considering profitability ratios The ratios used for analyzing tbefrnancial perfonnaJ1(X are net profit to total assets ratio interest received to interest paid ratio yield on advances ratios and interest paid on deposit ratios The Krishna Grameena Bank was established on 1 st December 1978 sponsored by State Bank ofindia under the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976
This bank covers tne area of opermion in two districts - Gulbarga and Billar ~ of Hyderabad Kamataka region It is having a well spread-out network of 112 branches 78 in Gulbarga district and the remainillg 34 in Bidar district Among 112 branches 85 branches are fimctioning in ruraI areas catering to the needs offarming community rural artisans and otherruraI mass The bankhas recorded a total business of Rs 191 0 crore in 2008-09 registering agrowtb of2259 over the previous year The KGB has recorded a net profit of Rsl150 crare for 2008-09 The KGB has bagged second prize from NABARD for self help group linkages amongst tbeRRBsin the state
Statement oCthe problem
SGL in Commerce amp Research -S(hoiar Government First Grade College F rbullbulltabad
bull Professor Department of Commerce Gulbarga UniverSity Guibarga
The Krishna GramecnaBankwas established with a view to provide financial assistancefor the pmpose ofagriculture trade commerce amp industry At tbe same time it is necessary for every business undertaking to earn profit for the survival and growth Therefore sustainability ofthe bank plays vitli role in discharging its major duties effectively Hence in this paper an effort is made to measure tbe futandal performance ofthe bank
Qbjectives ofthe Study
nlCjoloing are rhe objeciives oj lite present SlUriy
I) To study the income and expenditure position ofKrishna Grameena Bank
2) To analyze the profitabilityperfonnance ofbank
) To appraisethe operating efficiency ofthe bank
4) To offer suitable suggestions based on the futdings ofthe study to enhance the performance oftbebank
Methodology oftlle study
The study is mainly based on Secondary data The informationhas beencollected from various audited annual boOks ofaccounts prepared and maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources ofinformation have been collected from journals books and websitesetc Tbisstudycovers a period affive years from 2004-2005 to 2008shy
THiRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 41
2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
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bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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2009In order to analyze the data statistical tools includes interest earned discount on advances like ratios and percentages are used income on investments interest on balances with
Reserve Bank of India Other income includes Incomes commission exch~ge and brokerage profit on sale The sources ofrevenue for banks can essentially ofinvestments and proftt on exchange transaction be segregated into two main categories the interest etc income and other income The interest income
Table -1
Composition of the Total Income ofKGB
(as In thousand) r- I Other income Total Income I Year Interest Income i I i
34373 (523) I 6579202005 623547 (9477)r Ii 61203 (917) 667863I 2006 606661 (9083)
I 2007 762405 (9200) 66287 (800) 828692I
I 2008 -+
I
934249 (923~H 77651 (768) r 1011800
I 2009 I 1098703 (9168) 99651 (832) I 1198354 Source Compiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
Note The figures in the bracket are percentages te total
The interesI income and other income ofKGl3 has been studied by the analysis of composition and growth ofincome The interest income was little over 90 percent in all the years ofstudy It is also interred that the KGB was concentrating on interest income rather thanon other income
The growth rnteoftotal income ofKGB has shown a fluctuating trend during the period under study The total income ofbank bas been incrcased from Rs 657920 thousand in 2005 to Rs 1198354 thousand in 2009 This shows that the trend ofthe total income is increasing The overall growth rate
is 8214 Total interest eamed is mcreasmgmainly on account ofincrease in average advances level during the period ofstudy Other income also has witnessed agroth mainly on account of issue of no drafts booking afnon-fund based business iike issue ofbank guarantees crOSS selling ofSBIshyLife insurance policies ltll1d general insurance tie-up with national insurance
Expenses
The expenses ofthe bank can be broadly classified into interestexpenses and other operating expenses Interest expenses includes interest expended interest on deposits etc and other operating expenses will generally includes the costs of operating expenses vizpayments to and provisions for employees rent taxes and lighting printing and stationery depreciation on bank5 property postage etc
Table -2 Composition of the Total Expenses ofKGB
( Rs In thousand)Ycar-- Inierest pal~TOperating JgtiOVlsions ampContingencies Total I
I Expenses Contingencies
t20O=5J_middot--248-7~-175~6middot3-~8-)-+L-middot-=-172~458~(3c909Ll)_ 19995 (453) 441170
42 THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
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Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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270647 (5133) )01487 (3821) 5272032006 55069 (1046)
6636752007 341829(5150) 24 I 617 (3640)i 80229 (121 0)
8163952008 464432 (5650) 269716 (3303) 82248 (l009)
1083320bull 2009 658320 (6076) 375Q31(3461) 49969(~63)
16410038077Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2007 165017 2005 to 2009 12464576 1562008 1195405 Note The figures in the bracket are pereentages to j 0742009 1115034 15443942total
The total expenditureofthe bank steadily increased from Rs 441 J70 thousands in 2005 to Rs 1083320 thousands in 20091nterest paid constitutes more than 50 ofthe total expenses The proportion of interest paid to thetotal expenditure ofK GB shows a fluctuating trend which varied from 5133 to 6076 in the study period The total interest of Rs 658320 in 2009 was the highest compared to the previous years The proportion ofoperating expenses to the total expenditnre varied between 3303 to 3909 The proportion of provisions and contingencies in the total expenditure ofthe bank varied between 453anltj 1210 during the study period1ncrease in interest paid 011 deposits is mainly on account ofincrease in time deposits increase in interest paid on bOlTowjngs is on account ofhigher level ofborrowings during the period ofstudy
Net Profit to total Assets
Net profit is the difference between total income and total expenses ofthe bank The total assets of the bank include all those assets which are fixed assets inter office rujiustments billspayable interest accrued etc The following table shows the percentage ofnet profit to total assets ofbanlt
Table - 3 Net profit as percentagemiddotto total assets ofKGB
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
(Rs In thousand) Year Net profit Total to total [
assets assets 2005 216750 5817693 372
bull 2006 I 140660 7681909 183 l
Source Ccmpiled from annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
It is observed that the total assets ofKGB increased from Rs 5817693 thousand in 2005 to Rs 15443942 thousand in 2009 The notable factor of the study is that the percentage ofnet profit to total assets is decreasing evety year It b because of variations in the interest rates on deposits The interest paid 01 deposits was 800 in 2007 whereas it rose to 900 in 2009 on above one year amount ofdeposits The bank has adopted an
aggressive appoach for depositmiddotmobilization bv offering higher ratc of interest The bank has introduced anew deposit scheme called KGB Silver Jubilee Account wherein the interest rate is high as 10 during the year 2007 The net profit as a percentage oftotal assets is 372 in 2005 come down to O 74 in 2009 It indicates that the bank is not earning steady income on its total assets
Illtcrest Spread Ratio
The interest spread ratio refers tu theratio ofinterest received to interest paidSpread can be defm~ as the difference between the interest income and interest eXpense Itprovides 9Ontribution to a banks profit after providing for loan losses A bank having a larger spread would be able to earn more profit The spread would be larger ifthe bank has quality loans and investments to earn income and it raises
frmds at low cost
43
Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
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(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
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Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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Table- 4 Interest spread of KGB
(Rs In tbousand)
Interest spread Inter~st received I Interest paid IYear i 374830623547 248717
3360142006 606661 270647~ jr Ii 2007 762405 341829 420576I _
2008 934149 464432 I 469717I 2009 i 1098703 I 658320 I 440383
Ratio 1
25~ 22lt1 bull
223 I 201 1
-j
166
Source Compiledfiom annual reportsofKGB ii-om 2005 to 2009
The above table shows that the interest paid in all the years was less than the interest earned during the period ofstudy It was Rs 374830 thousand in 2005 which increased to Rs 440383 thousand in 2009 But the growth rate ofspread is decreasing trend Besides there is negative growthrate in2009 again it is because of variations in the interest on deposits
Yield onAdvanccs
Banks extends loans and advances to farmers marginal fanners traders and businessmen against the security ofSOme assets or on the basis ofthe personal security ofthe borrowers Therefore the banks have to follow a cautious policy and sound lending principles inthe IIlltter oflending Theyield on advance is eomputed as interestreceived divided by total advance multiplied with percentege
Table-5 Computation ofyield on advance ofKGB
(Rs In thousand) r Ycar-jlnterest Advances I Yield I~iii05 623547
r-ceived 3929324 1586
1 2006 606661 5237512 1158
2007 762405 6601190 1154
2008 934149 8052164 1160
2009 1098703 I 9522746
1153
44
Source CompIled fiom annual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009 The total interest received by KGB ampnk has increased in all ilie years ofthe study except 2006 The ratio of yield on advances of KGB shows 1586 in 2005 which is the highest yield but remaining years is about 11 More is the yield shows better position ofthe bank Cost of Deposit Depositrefers to moneyentrusted by the ~ustorners with the bank The total deposit includes all those all types of deposits the money which are accepted byiliebank vi demand deposits savings deposits and (erm deposits Moreover the bankers collect the amolUlt from customers and utilize the [wlds for providing advances The term cost 0 f deposit is the minimum amountto be paid in the form ofinterest against deposits
Table-6 The cost of deposits of KGB
(~Inthousand)
Interest ITotal deposit Cost or Irear
Source Compiled fiomannual reports ofKGB from 2005 to 2009
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
I paid deposit in I [2005 248717 3745804 I 663 I i 2006
c 270647
I I4628355 584
12007 341829 5846278 584 l
Ii 2008 464432 7533064 616
12009 658320 9575521 687 I
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 28: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The ratio ofinterest paid to total depositsofKGB
is shoYm in the above table The cost ofdeposits of
this bank was in a fluctuating trend It is inferred
that the cost ofdeposit varied from 5amp4 percent to 687 percent
Findings ofthe study
Thefullowingare the importantfindings ofthestudy
1 The share ofother income to total income is
fluctuating every year It was 523 percent in 2005 rose to 832 percent in 2009 It shows a sign ofimprovement inthe competitive era
2 Operatingexpensesofbankarefluctuatingwith slight variations in every year The trend shows
that it is decreasing every year except in 2009 The percentage ofoperating expenses to total expenses was 3909 in 2005 has come
down to 3303 in 2008 and it has increased to 3461 in 2009
3 The percentage of net profit to total asset is decreasing every year The percentage ofnet profit to total assets was 372 in 2005 have come down to 074 in 2009
4 The ratio between interests received to interest paid is decreasing every year It was 25 perent
in 2005 has come down to 166 percent in 2009 It indicates the growth in interest paid rather than growth inintcrest received
5 Interest yield on advances is satisfactory It is
around 1150 percent every year except in 2005
6 The perCentage ofinterest paid on deposits i increaslngahnoSt in all yearsexceptin 2006 and 2007 It reduces the t0tal income available to
the bank
TIIlRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010
Suggestions
On thebasis ofthe research fmdings the following
suggestions are offered to improve the
profitability oftheKrishoa Gram~Bankand its financial performance
1 The bank has to make efforts to increase the percentage ofnet profit to total assets It may
bedoneby increasing other incomes ofthe bank and reducing non-performing assets Prompt
measure should be taken to collect the over
dues from the borrowers This helps the banks
to earn profit in future
2 Though the share of other income to total is increasing bu not satisfactorily Therefore it is strongly advocated that the bank bas to indulge in other activities which supports the other
income For example transfer offunds issue of bank guarantees involving in insurance etc
3 In order to maintain a steady growth rate of deposits it is recommended that the banks should come forward to offer some subsidiary services like marketing assistance techoological
assistance insurance facilities export facilities
and so on
4 The operating expenses constitute almost 35 to 400 oftota expenses The bank has to make
effort to control or reduce these expenses substantialyto increase the net revenues It can be done by using modern technology
computerization automation and outsourcing of
non-teclmica works which help in reducing unproductive and costly operations
5 The interest spread ratio should be increased It can be done by earning more interest than
interest paid
45
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 29: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
6 Thecostofdepositpercentageisincr=inglbe bank has to maintain aminimum cost ofdeposits
by increasing current deposits and savings
deposits on which the bank has to pay minimum rate ofinterest
7 The bank shouldintroduce new attractive and mrovative schemes to attract money in to the bank
Conclusion
The Krishna Grarneena Bank which is spol1Sored by the State Bank ofIndia plays an important role in providing loan facilities anddepositmobilization
for thepurpose afdevelopment ofagriculture trade
commerce industry and other productive activities in the rural areas credit facilitiesparticularly to the small and marginal fanners agricultural labourers landless labourersartisans and small entrepreneurs and self-emplOyed Fromthis analysis one can e3Sily understand that the functOI1S ofKrishna Grarneena Bank are efficient and profitability ofthis bank i also good
Select references
1 Augustine Retamu and PGanesan Profit amp
Profitability ofCooperative Banks The case of Banques popularires (People Ballk) of Rwanda Indian Management Studies
Journal 12 (2008)
2 Bhattacharya Khl Risk Management In
Indian Banks Himalaya Publishing Housemiddot
Mumbai2008
3 Gupl SG Statistical Methods Sulljn Chand
and Sons New Delhi 2008
4 Maheshwari SN MallagementAccounting
and Financial Control Sultan Chand and
Son New Delhi 2006
5 RaviKumarTAsset Liability Management
Vision Books New Delhi2oo6
6 Ram Pratap SinghaldBiswajit ChatteIjeeOff balance sheetExposures ofIndian Commercial
Banks The lndianEconomic Journal Vol
55(4) Jan-March 2008
7 Sandeep Goel FirumcialAppraisal ofbanking lndustry-Acomparative insight oflClCI Bank and State bank of India Management
Accounting amp BUSiness Finance January
2009
8 Selvakumar M and Kathiravan A study of
profiabi lityperfollrumce ofpublic sector banks il1lndia Indian Journals o(Finance VollI No9 September 2009
9 Singh Satya Dev and Singh Rajeshkumar Profitability Determinants ofBanks in India Advances In Management Vol 2 (6) June
2009
10 Vivek and Asthana PN Financial Risk
Management Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai2009
11 vwwrbiotgin
12 wwwkrisbnagrameenabankcom
Never give upfor that mayjust be the place and time the tide will turn in your favour
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
THIRD CONCEPT JANUARY 2010 46
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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![Page 30: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ISSN 0038-4046
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST
51st Year of Publication Volume 51 Number 7 Z 65
I
AUGUST 1 2012
---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
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---------~-~-____( 51st Yea of Publication ------------shy
Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections of the Society
By Prakash C Gabriel Simon Thatti and Georgee K I
A vailability of cheap and adequate
-credit is a boon for the economic development of a country Sy providing credit to farmers industries
traders and businessmen banks
ensure their economic well being and
thereby the progress of Ihe nation
Banks play a very crucial role in the
process 01 economic development
and 50 the availability of banking
infrastructure is considered as onc 0
tribes who are included under the weaker section of the society lending to tnis seclor forms part of priority sector lending the access to credit in terms of lending pattern Is the subject matter of study The present paper examines the constitution of loans given to priority sector and the rate of growth in the last two years
Broadly the priority sector comprises Agriculture Small scate industries Small road and water transport operators Small business Retail trade Professi0t1al and selfshyemployed persons Stale sponsored organizations for Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Education Housshying Consumption loans (und~r the consumption credit scheme for weaker sections)
the prereqUIsites for rapjd and
balanced development of the country
Banks In j ndia have an important responsibmty of cilanalizing lha fUnd
to the most important sectors to fulfill
Ihe predetermined objecHves There
is a rapid expansion in banking deC0sil mobilizaIOn an~~ redi
developmeni due to which there is change in the scope of bankIng
operations
Whij~ attempting 10 achieve economic and social development the banking sector ensures inclu)ive growth and balanced regional development If Is with Ihis objective thaI priority seclor lendlng was initialed under priority sector lending
the borrowing communrties and their progress was a vitaf objective
India has a sizable population of scheduled castes and scheduled
Mr Prakash C Is Aesearc) SChOlar and Dr Geotgrr KL is Associate Professor both are from working In Dept of Commerce Mar lvanios College Nalamchira Thfruvananthapuram and Dr Gabriel Simon ThaUiI is Professor of CommercgtJ Universlty_ of Kerala Thiruvananlhapuram
AUtlJpound J 2012
CONTENTS Priority Sector Lending and Empowerment of Weaker Sections 01 the Society
- Prakash C Gabriel Simon ThaWI and Georqee K 5
Micro Finance A Risk Management for the Puor - M Malarvihi and V M Se(varaj 8
Management Of Non-P()riorminJ Assets in RRGs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
VijaYB Boothpur and Moraga Prakash V 11
Income and Employment Issues in Joint Forest Management System A Study in Visakhapatnam AP - D Narayana Rao 15 Working Capital Management of SSI in Haryana
- Pushpadeep Dagar 20 Managing Volalility in ForeIgn Inflows - RK Srivastava 25 Financial Institution in the Implementation of SHGs Programme in Kamalaka - MSGovindaraju and S Venkatesh ~1
Financial Performance of Selected Check Post Revenue in Tamil Nadu State Transport
- A Vinayagamoorthy and K Senrhilkumar 35
Need for Private Banks to Develop Humanware Shankargouda B Lakkanagoudra 37
Habitat Environment amp Educational Deprivation A Study 01 Backward Caste Students In Rayala Seema
- B Sivaiah Gil Umamohan and K Nagaraju 39 Financial Health of Select Firms with reference to Automobile Industry in India An empirical view with Z score
- Kc Muklha and B Mohan 44
Rate of Organizational Learning in the East Azerbaijans National Bank Branches according to Petersanj Mode
- Mohammed Ali Mojallal Chouboglou and Elham Tmajidlash 49
5
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 32: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
--------~-----_[5I_E51s~~yltea~rQf P2ubI~-catfioJ)-------------
Management of Non-Performing Assets in RRBs A Case Study of Krishna Grameena Bank
By Vijaya Boothpur and Morage Prakash V
Regional Rural Banks (RRB) are playing an important role in
Indias rural economy According to the Narsimhan Committee lhe new institution was evolved combining the good features of co~operalives as welJ as commercial banking inslilution Firsl recommendation for the estabfislment of regional rual banks was made by banking commission in 1972 As a resuit of this recommendation a working group
headed by Mr~ Narsimhan RRBS came in to existence in 1975 The main objective ct RRB IS to provide credit and other facilities particularly to Ihe small and marginal farmers agricullure labourers and small entrepreneurs so as to develop agricuHuro Irade commerce Industry and ether p(odxtivc activities in tile rural areas
One of the important indicators of performance of banks is the quality of their assets The ldea of quarity of
assets on 111e books of accounts ot the bank~ came in 10 prominence when llle Reserve Bank of lndia inlroduced prudential norms in 1992~ 93 with regard to income recognition asset classfficatin provisioning and capital adequacy based on the recommendalions of the Narsimhan committee on financial sector reforms
Mr Vliaya BoolhplI( is Professor Dept of Commerce GuJbarga University GlIlbarga-585106 and Shli Morage Prakash V IS Associate Prof in Commerce amp Research Scholar Govt Womens First Grade College Jewargi Colony (1ulbarga-S8S 102
August I 2012
Although ARBS have been playing useful role in aSSisting marginal farmers and artisans they are facing 101 of problems posing serious challenges to thelt survival The mounting overdue of Ihese banks is the main prohlem High levels of NPA and high provisions of loan losses
Continuous mqnitoring 1he
borrower is quite essential It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due to diversion of funds by the borrower~ EffecUve monitoring and control will definitely reduce the
pcssibility of asset turning out to be non-pertorming It is found that
the Krisilna Grameena Bank IS
rnaktng all efforts to conlr~)1 the
non-performing asset It has kept
the NPA ralio very low even below the standard norm 01 two to three percent It shows the
elliciency of the bank in managing the non-performing
assets
and bad debts have been responsible for low productivity and profitability of bank A non-performing asset is an asset which fails to generate income for the bank As per regulation an asset is considered to have gone due the past due amount remaining uncoveted where the borrower has defaulted as principal and interest repayment for more than one quarter or 90 days is called as nonmiddot performing asset
Accordi1g to guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India NPA consists of submiddotstandard doubtful and loss asset
bull Submiddotstandard assets Advance accounts which are NPA and continue as such for 18 months
bull Doubtful assets Advance accounts which are NPA more than 18 months These are three categories doubtful up 10 1 year doubtful from 1 to 3 years and doubtful tor 1han 3 years
bull Loss assets NPA accounts where the(o is no realizable value of security or no security at all are identified by bank
ObJectives
The follOWing ale the OUJ0CtlVCS 01
the present stUdy
a) To highlight loans and advances trend of bank
b) To assess the extent 01 nonshyperfonning assets of bank
c To examine 1he problems o( the bank due to NPA
Methodology
The study is mainly based on secondary dala The information has been collected from variOUS audited annual books of accounts prepared ana maintained by the bank and other relevant reports The other sources of information have been collected from journals books and websites etc This ~tudy covers a period of five years from 2006 to 2010 In order 10 analyze the data statistical tools like ratios and percentages are used
Significance of the study
1
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 33: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
[5i51 Year of Publication )
Tablel
Gross NPA to Tot1 Assets ( Rs In LakhsJ
Year Gross NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
2006 14268 76819C9 18Emiddot
2007 197675 10038077 197
2008 142635 12464576 114
2009 182635 15457685 177
2010 149560 16910230 088
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table-2 Net NPA to Tolal Assets ( Rs In lakhsJ
Year Net NPA Total Assets to Total Assets
The Krishna Grameena Bank eslabfished tn terms of provisions of Regronal Rura Bank Act 1976 and is sponsored by the state Bank of India The bank is operating in Bidar Gulbarga and Yadgif districts of Karnataka since 01~12~1978 The present branch network is 113 of which 66 branches functioning in rural areas catering to the ncoos of farming community rural artisans and rural masses The main vision of Krishna Grameena Bank is to be preferred banking institution of the people 01 this area committed to improve the living standards 01 the masses so as to achIeve inclusIve growth with sustained viability
2006 7681909
2007 65897 10038077 066
2008 55034 12464576 044
2009 76128 1545i685 049
2010 71973 16910230 042
Gouce Compiled from nnual reports of KGB rrom 2006 to 2010
Table3 GIOSS NPA to Gross Advances ( Rs In Lakhs)
Year Gross NPA Gross Advances to Gross Advances
2006 142658 5371833 266
2007 197675 6720816 294
2008 142635 8130511 175
2009 181071 9581952 189
2010 14g560 11042015 135
Further the study assumes signifishycance in the context of privatiza11on
Non-performing assets have emerged as an alarming threat to the Indian banking induslry and their reduction has become synonymous with professional functioning and management at banks NPA should no be se~n as a dlc-mma hut as a Llahenge for the banking sector Tht study of managemenl of NPA wm focus on the fir3ncial position of the bank This evoked the researchers interesf to prepare a research paper on the management of nonshyperforming assets in Regional Rural Banks - A case study of Krishna Grameena Bank
Gross NPA fo Total Assets
A gross non~performing asset to total assets is the sum~total of sub~
Source Compiled from annu_al reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
Table4 standard assets doubtfuf assets and
Net NPA to Gross Adval1ces C Rs 1n Joss assets of the bank Whereas
Year Nel NPA Advances to- Gross Advances
2006 5371833
2007 65897 6720816 098
middot2008 55034 8130511 067
2009 76128 9581952 079
2010 71973 11042015 065
total assets of the bank includes fixed assets inter oHice adjustments bills receivable ihferest accrued etc Gross NPA to total assets has direct bearing on the return on assets as well as the liquidity ristlt management of the bank High ratio means high
illiquid
Source Compiled from annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010
12 AugWlf 2011
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 34: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
[51st Year of prblicatio1t
Table-5 Asset wise classification of performing amp non~performin9 assets of KGB (Rs In Lakhs)
--~~
Year SandaripSset Sub~standard asset Doubtful assets Loss assets Gross advances
2006 5229075(9734)
2007 6523141(9705)
2008 7967876(9824)
2009 9400881 (9811)
2010 10892546(9865)
86414(160) 48330(090)
123943(184) 70564(104)
72992(089) 64936(080)
106697(111 ) 70429(073)
78062(070) 63282(057)
Source Compiled from the annual reports of KGB from 2006 to 2010 Note Figures in bracket are shown as percentage to gross advances
It is observed that the total assets of bank Increased from Rs 7681909 lakhs in 2006 10 Rs 16910230 lakhs in 2010 Whereas gross NPA of bpoundnk has shown a fluctuating trend during the period of study The rate of gross NPA to total assets of bank is decreas eel fro m 1 B6tc In 2006 10 088 in 2010 It has decreased by 098 over the perJod of time It i1 a good sign fo the banker
Net NPA to Total Assets
A net non-per1orming asset is the
gross NPA less provision made and tolat assels include fixed assets inter office adjustment bills receivables interest accwed etc The net NPA to total assets of the bank Itldcated the proportion of the risky assets a bank carries for which no prOVision has been made
The net NPA to tota assets decreased from 066 in 2007 to 042 in 2010 II has declined by 024 for the entire study period From this observation it can be ihferred that the bank is performing in fl better way in NPA recovery
Gross NPA to Gross Advances
Gross Advances of the bank includes cash credits ovirdrafts and
August 2012
lols repayable on demand and term loans The gross NPA as percentages to gross advances indicated the quality of credit portfolio of the bank High gross NPA rallo indicates low quality credit portfolio
It is observed that Ihe gross advances 01 bank shows increaSing trend over the period of study Whereas gross NPA has shown a fluctuating trend The rate of gross NPA to gross advances of baryk is decreased from 266 in 2006 to 135 in 2010 It has decreased by 131 over the period of study ThIS shows norms are follOWed effectively by the bank regarding recovery the banks gross NPA to gross advances ratio hasmiddot been reached below the
International Standard level of 5 which is good for the performance of bank
Net NPA to Gross Advances Net NPA is determined by deducting from the gross NPA the provision held in respect of the non-performing asset the intereSt accrued and charged to the borrowermiddot but not recognized as income by the bank and kept in an Interest suspense account The ratio of net NPA to gross advances indicates the degree
7914(016) 5371733(100)
3168(007) 6720816(100)
4707(007) 8130511(100)
3945(005) 9581952(100)
8125(008) 11042015(100)
of riskiness in the credit portfolio of the bank High net NPA ratio indicates the high quantity of the risky loans n the bank for which no prOVision has been made
The gross advances of the bank in absolute terms have increased from Rs 5371833 lakhs In 2006 10 Rs 11042015 lakhs in 2010 But net NPA to gross advances of KGB has shown a fluctuating trend The net NPA to gross advances of bank is decreased from 098 in 2007 to 065 in 2010 II has decreased by 033 over the period of study This shows norms are followed effectively by the bank regarding reCQvery the banks net NPA to gross advances ratio has been reached below the International Standard level of two to three percent which is evident for the best performance in reduction cif mounting NPA
It is clear from Table~S middotthat there is a fluctuating trend in the standard assets during s~udy periods It is observed that there is increased in standard assets of bank fr9m 9734 in 2006 to 9865 in 2010 It has increased by 131 over the period of time H has increased the quantum
Of performing assets is occupying the
13
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
Subscribe to
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST ISSN 0038-4046
Annual Subscription 1500-00
(Effective From Jan 2011)
Contact
Circullion Manager
SOUTHERN ECONOMIST No9 I Main
Jamla Masjid Complex I Floor 10 amp 11 Palace Guttahalli
Bangafore-56Q 003
Ph 080-2334 2330
bull
Augus 1 2012 14
![Page 35: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › bitstream › 10603 › 36490 › 15 › 16...profile of DTL with a time-lag of 28 days. 3. Balances with other banks](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011904/5f1d27fdd07c5551b82b6d16/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
------------___-4Qlst Year of Pltbli~~)
advances which reduces the losses It shows that the bank Is following
effective lending system and it lends only to the loyal borrow~rs
T~e lable-5 reveafs that there is also fluctua1ir19 trend in the sub~
standard assets brought in favors of the banks efficiency in managing in loan portfolio It decreases from 160 In 2006 to 070 In 2010 Data relating to doubtful assets it declines from 104 in 2007 10 057
in 2011 It shows there has been a
significant reduction in doubtful assets The table depicts that lhere is
gradual decrease in the quentum of loss assets which shows 1he efficiency 01 the bank in reducing the
loss aSsets by adopting strict norms
in lending year by year and also the management of the bank is efiecUve in recovering mounting NPA over the
study period
Conclusion
Managemen o Jon-performing
assets is a maHer of concern 10 the
entire banking industry Every bank is
making eHorts to minimize the nonshy
ertorming assets to a greater extent
Krishna Grameena Bank is not an
exception to this II is trying very hard
10 maintain the non-performing assets
at a low level and it has succeeded in
contrOlling them Total elimination of
non-performing assets is not pooslbre in banking business owing to the
faclors which are beyond the control of bank
rt is always wise I follow the proper policy for management of nonshy
perfonning asf)els Therefore the Krishna Grammena Bank has to follow certain general rules ~o contain the non-pertorming assets They ate
1 Bank has to exercise extraordinary care in the selection of
fresh borrowers so that new account
should not enter into arena of NPA2
Open a separate recovery cell and
appoint special trained recovery
otricers to recover the debt in time
and monitor them properly3 Lot of
understanding is needed among bank
staff to address the customer
grievance$ relating to recovery 4
Proper training should be imparted to
the bank s1aff to deal with such
situations Many customers become
defaulter not because of their
dishonesty but some limes because
01 their inability In such situations the bank has to search for allernatives to
recover he loan 5 In order to keep NPA under control bank has to take certain preventive measures
bull Financing should be done only for viable projects
Ensure proper end-usc ot funds
bull Proper post sanction follOW-Up is must
bull Regular contact with the borrower is essen~ia
Coniinuous monitoring the
borrower IS quite essenlial It is
because sometimes NPA occurs due
10 diversion of funds by the borrower
Effective monitoring and control wi
oefinitety reduce the possibility of
asset turning out to be non~
performing
Ii is found that Ihe Krishna Grameena Bank is making all efforts to control the nonmiddotperlormlng asset It has kept the NPA ratio very low even below the stand(rd torm of two to three percent It shoWs the efficiency of the bank in managing the non-performing assets
References
Ashok Khurana and Mandeep StnghNPA Managemenl A study 01 new privale seclor banks in India Indian
Journal of Finance volA no9 September 2010
2 Banambar Sahoo Bankers hand~
book on NP A Management Asia law hOUSe Hydelabad 2002
3 B Ramachandra Reddy Management of non-performing assets in banks and financial institulions~ selials publications Ne Delhi 2004
4RM Srivas1ava and Oivya Nigam gManagement of Indian Financial Instilutionsn Himalaya PUblishng House Mumbai 2004
5R Suresh degManagemen of nonshyperforming assets in regional rural banksmiddot A case study of Pandyan Grameena Bank Virudhunagar Tamllnadu Indian Journal of Finance volA 0010 October 2010
6 S6 Verma ~Risk Management Deep ampDeep Pubilcation PvL Ltd New Delhi 2005
7 Annual Reports of KGB ftom 21)06 to 2010 Cl
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