reto gieré department of earth & environmental science ...€¦ · strasbourg | 7/3/2015 |...

Strasbourg | 7/3/2015 |

Reto Gieré Department of Earth & Environmental Science

& the BIOCOMBUST Team (DE, FR, CH)


COLLABORATORS

Freiburg, 26.11.2014

Environmental Medicine and Pharmacology

A.T. Arif, R. Dornhof, R. Gminski, S. Heilemann, K. Hesselbach, M. Humar, I. Merfort, V. Mersch-Sundermann, D.P. Minh, I. Nazarenko

Combustion Engineering

P. Garra, D. Kehrli, S. Kohler, C. Schoennenbeck, G. Trouvé,

Atmospheric Chemistry, Meteorology and Modeling

V. Dietze, F. Drewnick, F. Freutel, U. Kaminski, C. Pallares, Z. Tian

Cement Chemistry, Mineralogy and Microscopy

A. Dieterlen, R. Gieré, P. Kruspan, C. Maschowski

Project Management and Outreach

P. Bry, A. Henckel, S. Noz, C. Pallares, S. Richter,

Zurich, July 1, 2015


PARTNER

www.biocombust.eu



Jan–Dec 2005 earthobservatory.nasa.gov

Strasbourg | 7/3/2015 | Freiburg, 26.11.2014

December 4, 2001 Visible Earth (NASA)

Strasbourg | 7/3/2015 | Freiburg, 26.11.2014

June 23, 2013 REUTERS



Volker Dietze (DWD)



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

kt


Data from UBA (2012)

PM2.5 from road traffic

PM2.5 from biomass combustion



Biomass Characterization


FUEL CHARACTERIZATION



6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2



6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2

glucose cellulose



O

C

N

Mg

Chlorophyll



Miscanthus

Wheat Arundo

Rice

Sugarcane

Poacea Family



10 µm delta-intkey.com/angio



Inorganic Components

Freiburg Seminar, 20.11.2014


Wood Miscanthus Calcite Silica

Geochemie

Silica Calcium Carbonate


0.01

0.1

1

10

Ca Mg Na K Fe Si

Conc

entr

atio

n (g

/kg)

DIN+ Wood Pellets

Miscanthus Pellets

Biomass Composition

Geochemie


Combustion


supernature-forum.de


Strasbourg | 7/3/2015 | Strasbourg, 23.4.2015

REUTERS

Strasbourg, 23.4.2015

Activity concentration 137Cs

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1 2 3 4 5

137-

Cs (

Bq/k

g)

Fuel

Bottom Ash

Fly Ash

Rixheim Vauban Vauban Freiburg Mulhouse

Geochemie


5 µm

Fly Ash Particles

Geochemie


DGI Impactor

Particle Sampling


20 µm

Strasbourg | 7/3/2015 | Zurich, July 1, 2015


MoLa

Air Quality Measurements



Physical particle properties (number and mass con-centration, size distribution)

Chemical composition of PM1 (sulfate, nitrate, organics, soot, PAH)

Trace gases (CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, O3)

Meteorology, GPS position



2.5-10 µm <2.5 µm

Mini-Volume Sampler

Passive Sampler

Ambient Particle Sampling

Partikellabor


Single-Particle Characterization

Partikellabor


Single-Particle Characterization

40 µm

Partikellabor


HG-01 cw47 20 µm

KCl and NaCl

Geochemie Partikellabor


Fluorescence Microscopy


Phase Identification

Geochemie


BIOC_SPWF_11_20K.raw_1

2Th Degrees60585654525048464442403836343230282624222018161412108642

Sqr

t(C

ount

s)

15

1413

12

1110

98

76

54

32

1

0-1

-2-3

-4-5

-6-7

-8

-9-10

-11-12

-13

degrees 2θ

XRD - Rietveld

Phase Identification

Geochemie


lpt-

phar

m.t

ox.d

e

iivs.org

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS



BEAS-2B (2D cell culture)

2D vs. 3D Lung Cell Models

50 µm

Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene

FBEC spheroid (3D cell culture)

Pharmazeutische Biologie


Submersed Lung Cell Exposure




NP

Contro

l

Lung Cell Viability Vi

abili

ty (

% r

elat

ive

to c

ontr

ol)

Diesel emission particles (24 h)

Concentration: µg/cm2

µg/mL



Strasbourg | 7/3/2015 | Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene


Lung Cell Viability

Beech wood combustion particles (24 h)

NP Viab

ility

(%

rel

ativ

e to

con

trol

)


µg/mL

Contro

l


NP NP

Contro

l

Lung Cell Viability

Miscanthus combustion particles (24 h)


µg/mL



Viab

ility

(%

rel

ativ

e to

con

trol

)


DNA Damage






µg/mL

Frac

tion

ds-

DN

A (%

)

Control

DNA Damage

Beech wood combustion particles (24 h)


Stress-induced Reactions


Cellular stress

MKKs p38

Nrf-

2

NF-κB

anti-oxidative reaction

Inflammatory reactions

Gene activation ROS

pro-inflammatory mediators

Cancer

JNK

persistent


O2-

H2O2

OH

Oxidative Stress




Air-Liquid Exposure


Air-Liquid Exposure

Concentration (µg/cm2)

Viab

ility

(%

rel

ativ

e to

con

trol

)

Control

Spruce chip combustion particles (24 h)


Particle Uptake


CONCLUSIONS


Effects dependent on type of biomass used

Dose-dependent effects strongest for beech

wood

Particle size influences genotoxic effects

No significant NF-κB activation

No significant ROS formation observed

Long-term effects remain to be tested

Zurich, July 1, 2015 www.biocombust.eu

reto gieré department of earth & environmental science ...€¦ · strasbourg | 7/3/2015 |...

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