reusable industrial packaging association - technical projects committee meeting charlotte, nc april...
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Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Gasketology 101Presented by Richard Rudy and Jack Cooke
BASCO, Inc.
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Gasket Performance
• Keep Product In, Air and Contaminants Out
• High Internal Pressures
• Resist Stacking Forces
• Work With Many Chemicals
• Temperature Extremes
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Gasket Performance
• Convenient To Install, Never Fall Out
• Easy To Close The Drum
• Must Resist Hydrostatic and Drop Tests
• Low Cost
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Gasket Design & Selection Factors
UN/DOT requirements Curl and Cover geometry
Type of locking ring Intended contents of the drum
Type of filling and closing operation Expected storage conditions
Re-sealability Cost
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
What Is Rubber?
• A Unique Material
• Stores and Releases Energy
• Made Like a Cake
• Vulcanization is Irreversible
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Rubber Materials
• Natural Rubber (NR) / Isoprene (IR)
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Rubber Materials
Natural Rubber (NR) / Isoprene (IR)
• Styrene Butadiene (SBR)
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Rubber Materials
Natural Rubber (NR) / Isoprene (IR)
Styrene Butadiene (SBR)
• Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Rubber Materials
Natural Rubber (NR) / Isoprene (IR)
Styrene Butadiene (SBR)
Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
• Chloroprene (CR)
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Rubber Materials
Natural Rubber (NR) / Isoprene (IR)
Styrene Butadiene (SBR)
Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
Chloroprene (CR)
• Nitrile (NBR)
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Rubber Materials
Natural Rubber (NR) / Isoprene (IR)
Styrene Butadiene (SBR)
Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
Chloroprene (CR)
Nitrile (NBR)
• Fluorocarbon (e.g.Viton®)
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Rubber Materials
Natural Rubber (NR) / Isoprene (IR)
Styrene Butadiene (SBR)
Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
Chloroprene (CR)
Nitrile (NBR)
Fluorocarbon (e.g.Viton®)
• Coated Rubber
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Relative Rubber Cost
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Rubber Types
• Cellular (Sponge) Rubber
• Dense Rubber
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Cellular (Sponge) Rubber
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Sponge Rubber Gaskets
• Square Sponge
• Sponge Cord
• Special Profiles
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Square Sponge Gaskets
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Open-Cell Sponge Cord Gaskets
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Closed-Cell Sponge Cord Gaskets
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Special Profile Gaskets
• MultiSeal™
• Pinnochio™
• WaveSeal™
• VariSeal™
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
MultiSeal™ Gasket
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Pinnochio™
Gasket
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
WaveSeal™ Gasket
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
VariSeal™ Gasket
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Dense Rubber Gaskets
• Tubular
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Tubular Gaskets
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
• When standard gaskets won’t work
• Engineered sealing solutions
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Mechanical Properties
• Tensile Strength and Elongation
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Tensile Strength and Elongation
• Measures of strength and stretch
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength and Elongation
• Density and Compression Deflection
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Density and Compression-Deflection
How Much Does A Certain Amount
Weigh?
How Much Effort Does It Take To
Compress It?
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength and Elongation
Density and Compression Deflection
• Compression Set
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Compression Set
• Measure of Size• ASTM Standard D395
• Not “Real World”
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Compression Set in Sponge Rubber
• Permanent Deformation of Open Cells
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Compression Set in Sponge Rubber
• Gas Diffusion from Closed Cells
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Compression Set in Sponge Rubber
Gasket 24 Hours After Removal
Fresh Gasket
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength and Elongation
Density and Compression Deflection
Compression Set
• Stress Relaxation / Creep
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Stress Relaxation
• Measure of Force• Related to
Compression Set • Not “Real World”
• Creep
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength and Elongation
Compression Deflection
Compression Set
Stress Relaxation / Creep • Hardness
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Hardness
Resistance to indentation Widely used for dense
rubber Not good for sponge
Indentor
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength and Elongation
Density and Compression Deflection
Compression Set
Stress Relaxation / Creep
Hardness
• Service Temperature
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Service Temperature
Material Lower Limit Upper Limit
SBR -85°F +158°F
Natural Rubber -85°F +158°F
EPDM -80°F +300°F
Neoprene -65°F +225°F
Nitrile -55°F +275°F
Urethane -70°F +250°F
Silicone -180°F +525°F
Viton -40°F +500°F
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength and Elongation
Density and Compression Deflection
Compression Set
Stress Relaxation / Creep
Hardness
Service Temperature
• Storage and Shelf Life
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Storage and Shelf Life
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Storage and Shelf Life
• Store at 40º - 80º F, 75% RH
• Avoid freezing, never exceed 120º F• Protect from sunlight
• Avoid electric motors and high voltage
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Industry Standards
• STM
• RMA
• MIL Standards
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Industry Standards
• STM
• Not useful by itself
• Not very meaningful for drum gaskets
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Industry Standards
STM • RMA
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Industry Standards
STM
RMA • MIL Standards
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Chemical Compatibility
• Drum Gaskets Have Narrow Compatibility
• Usually Not a Critical Factor
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Chemical Compatibility
• Lab Derived
• Not “Real World”
• Avoid Overspecifying
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Food Grade Rubber
• FDA Compliance
• Based on Ingredients
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Kosher Certification
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
MSDS and Gaskets
• MSDS not required
• Gaskets are “articles”
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
Used vs. New?
• Questionable quality
• Questionable performance
• New is best
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
So, How Does The Gasket “Fit In”?
• Drums are non-precision systems
• Stress Relaxation
• Measuring “tightness”
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
So, What’s The
Right Gasket?
• No “silver bullet”
• The Right Gasket
• The Best Value
Right
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
OK, It’s Time To OK, It’s Time To
Wake Up!Wake Up!
Reusable Industrial Packaging Association - Technical Projects Committee Meeting
Charlotte, NC April 22, 2009 © 2009, BASCO, Inc.
BASCO2595 Palmer Avenue
University Park, IL 60466
1.800.776.3786
Fax 1.708.534.0904
www.bascousa.com