Review 2nd Exam: Introduction to World History

• Post-War Europe, 1919-1939• Italy and the Rise of Fascism• Germany (Weimar Republic and Nazism)• United States/Latin America/Middle East• Japan and China• Stalin’s Russia• Spanish Civil War• Road to War: Appeasement• Crises in Austria and Czechoslovakia• From beginning of WWII to 1941.

Review Session: Readings

Readings you will be responsible for on the exam:Readings from Sources of Twentieh Century Global History: Chapters 3-5, 7-8. J.A. Grenville, A History of the World, Part III, Chapters 15-18; Part IV, Chapters 19-25; Part V., Chapter 26.

Post-War EuropePeace Treaties: Versailles, etc.New Europe vs. Old Europe (New countries)Liberalism and alternative political/economic systems: Communism, Fascism, Authoritarianism (examples?)

Fate of Great Power system

Italy in the post-war era: rise of fascism (causes and consequences, 1919-1934)What is fascism? Major ideological tenets: Statism, Corporatism, Anti-Enlightenment, Belief in Violence…Role of Mussolini (Il Duce)?

GermanyGermany in the post-war era: rise of Nazism, Weimar interlude. Communist uprising, 1919Right-wing coup attempts, 1920,1923.Define Weimar Republic (dates?) and know about political, economic, social circumstances which gave rise to extremist movements.

World Outside EuropeUnited States in post-war era: From Wilsonian idealism to Prohibition (beginning and end), “Roaring Twenties,” Economic prosperity and political isolationism.Great Depression, 1929F.D. Roosevelt and the “New Deal”, 1932-1945“Good Neighbor” policy (Latin America)

Latin AmericaMexicoDepression in L.A.Liberalism and Fascism in L.A. (Brazil)

Middle EastImperial Interests: Sykes-Picot (1916), Balfour Declaration (1917), Post-war treaties (Sèvres, 1920/Lausanne, 1923)Modern Turkey – Mustafa Pasha/Kemal Ataturk

Japan and ChinaJapanese expansion, 1920s and 1930sRelations with West: Ending of Anglo-Japanese alliance, 1923 (Washington Naval Conference, 1921-1922).Manchukuo, 1932War with China, 1937“Rape of Nanking”

ChinaSun Yat-Sen’s death (1925) results in rise of his protégé, Chiang Kai-Shek.Kuomintang’s, KMT efforts to unify ChinaFormation of PCC, 1921“Northern Expedition,” 1927 – Cooperation between Kuomintang and Chinese Communists never materializes.1937 -- Rape of Nanjing: China goes to war with Japan.Chinese Response to Japanese invasion

Soviet Union, 1924-1939

Russia in the post- Civil War eraMain features of Stalin’s political/economic system (“Socialism in one country”)Stalin’s foreign policy: Isolationism, 1924-1935; Popular Front, 1935-1939; “Alliance” with Germany, 1939-1941.

Spanish Civil WarSecond Republic, 1931-1936Civil War, 1936-1939Republican parties?Nationalist parties?Franco and Nationalists (relations with Germany and Italy)Non-Intervention (1936) and its impact

Facing the DictatorsGreat Britain and FranceDomestic responses to Great DepressionForeign Policies: Appeasement strategy

Inter-war Crises: Anschluss/Czechoslovakia, 1938-1939

Germany’s annexation of Austria (March, 1938)Hitler’s efforts to annex Sudetenland (Spring-Summer, 1938)Fate of Czechoslovakia (Munich Agreement, 30 September 1938)End of “Appeasement”? (Anglo-Polish Agreement, March, 1939)

First stage of SWWMussolini invades and annexes Albania – April, 1939Soviet-Nazi pact, August, 1939Invasion of Poland, 1 September, 1939Russo-Finnish War, 1939-1940Scandinavian War, April-May, 1940Fall of France, May-June, 1940Battle of Britain, August-October, 1940

First stage, cont.U.S. and Lend-Lease (March, 1941)Battle of the AtlanticItaly’s Parallel War (October, 1940)Invasion of Balkans/North Africa