review - chapter 5 spring 2014

8/10/2019 Review - Chapter 5 Spring 2014

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BSC 3022 Review Sheet Chapter 5 lastupdated Spring 2014Respiratory System

Answer the following questions as completelyas possible referring toyour !lass notes an" te#tboo$% &hey are "esigne" to help you pro!essan" review !ourse material% 'uestions on qui((es an" e#ams will also"eal with these topi!s but will be specifcan" in a )*C an" &*+ format%'ui( an" e#am questions may not be limite" to the topi!s !overe"here%

1. What structural feature is used to create large surface area in the respiratorysystem? Trace the path air takes from entering the body to reaching thepulmonary capillaries. Which part of the path is contained in the lungs?Which parts comprise the upper respiratory system? The lower respiratorysystem?

2. What two structural features protect the respiratory system frommicroorganisms and debris? To which chamber of the respiratory tract isparticulate matter directed? In what two ways is it disposed of?

. !ow does the respiratory system protect itself from drying? "#tremes intemperature?

$. %escribe the structure of the alveoli. "#plain how their structure enablesthem to 1& minimi'e water surface tension and e#pand with air( and 2&e#change gas e)ciently with capillaries.

*. %escribe the structure of the lungs. What two types of tissue make them up?"#plain the structure of thepleura( and how it facilitates e#pansion of thelungs when the diaphragm contracts.

+. Indicate the state ,contracted or rela#ed& of the following muscles during 1&inspiration( 2&passive expiration( and & forced expiration- diaphragm(abdominals( e#ternal intercostals( and internal intercostals.

. What site of infection and physiological changes are characteristic of arunny nose? !ow can a runny nose progress into 1& an infection of theparanasal sinuses( 2& a sore throat( & infection of the middle ear( or $&bronchitis?

/. What three types of tissue are found in the bronchi,think about it0&? Whydo the air passageways of the bronchiolesshut during an allergic response?Why dont they maintain their shape like bronchi or the trachea?

. "#plain what happens when a lung collapses ,pneumothora#&.


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13. "#plain the following lung 4olumes and capacities( and how they arerelated- residual volume (RV), tidal volume (V), inspirator! reserve ("R),inspirator! capacit! ("#), expirator! reserve ($R), vital capacit! (V#), andtotal lung capacit! (#).

11. What is the maximum breathing capacit! (%)? !ow is it related to lungcompliance? !ow is lung compliance related to its elasticity?

12. 5ake a ,large& table that summari'es the changes occurring in thetrachea( bronchi( walls of the lungs6thora#( and al4eoli with regard to 1&protein 7ber loss( deposition( or other changes( 2& calci7cation( and &structural breakdown6loss of function( as well as the conse8uences of each

as discussed in lecture.

1. 9ased on the changes listed in the item abo4e( how do the :;( T2 saturation of arterial blood.

1*. "#plain why a loss of al4eolar compliance leads to a decline of >2le4els inarterial blood.

1+. "#plain why e#ercise seems to ha4e limited a@ect in countering biologicalaging of the respiratory system.

1. "#plain the di@erence between restrictivead obstructive pulmonarydiseases( and list e#amples of each.

1/. Aist the symptoms( causes( and e#amples of chronic obstructi4epulmonary disease ,;>B%&. Ci4e se4eral reasons why the elderly are moresusceptible to de4eloping ;>B%.

1. ;ontrast chronic bronchitiswith regular bronchitis with regard to the;D=E"E and EF5BT>5E of each. What characteristics distinguish thechronic disease emph!sema? Include changes to cilia( al4eoli( e#piration(:


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review - chapter 5 spring 2014

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