review for cell bio final - slides

Cell Biology Final Slide Review

Good Luck!

Identify the tissue.

Skeletal muscle. NOTE: the nuclei in each cell, characteristic cross striations, sarcomeres, endomysium that surrounds each muscle cell; differentiate between myofiber, myofibril, myofilament etc. Identify Z band, M line, A band, I band, H band etc.


Spinal cord – be able to identify endothelial cells, blood vessels, RBC’s (all in upper left corner), compare to larger ventral motor neurons if RBC’s are 7.5 um; know the function of ventral motor neurons. Identify motor neurons, neuropil, cell body, dendrites, recognize that this stain highlights cytoskeleton


Neural tissue EM 25,000x – identify the nucleus, nuclear pores, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, RER, mitochondria, golgi complex, Lysosome, polyribosome and cytoskeleton

Identify these structures.

A- Muscular Artery, B-Vein


Gall bladder. Identify simple squamous tissue lining the blood vessels (endothelium)


Terminal bronchioles & Clara cells

Identify this cell.

Eosinophil


Kidney. Note simple cuboidal cells, simple squamous cells, basement membrane, PCT, loop of Henle thick limb, macula densa, mesangial cells, peritubular capillaries.

Identify this tissue.

Neutrophil


Jejunum. Simple columnar epithelium, apical surface of the cells has microvilli (what is in the core of microvilli?), basement membrane, goblet cells (function?).


Thin Skin. (low power)


Skeletal muscle EM –Identify sarcomere, A band, H band, I band, Z line, M line, sarcoplasmic reticulum.


Thin skin 40x – name the 5 layers of thick skin…name the 4 layers of thin skin…identify in this slide stratum granulosum, stratum basale, basement membrane, dermis, epidermis, stratum spinosum, keratinized cells (note there aren’t any organelles, nucleus only protein keratin) stratum corneum.


Thick Skin.


Thin skin 4x – identify dermis, epidermis, hair shaft, hair follicle, sebaceous gland, arrector pili muscle, hypodermis, panniculus adiposus, sweat glands.


Hypodermal and dermal tissue. Identify pacinian corpuscle and adipocytes


Kidney EM. This slide is mainly for understanding structure/function relationships of the organelles/cell. notice the plasma membrane infoldings of these cells, note the nuclei, mitochondria, plasma membrane, polyribosome and basement membrane


Thick skin 4x – identify epidermis, dermis (papillary layer and reticular layer), sweat glands, interpupillary pegs, epidermal ridges, dermal ridges, primary dermal ridges, secondary dermal ridges.

Identify the structure.

Finger nail.


Fibrocartilage


Cardiac Muscle.

Identify the tissue & structure w/arrow.

Bone w/osteoclasts


Neural tissue.


Finger Nail.


Thick Skin.


Skeletal Muscle.


Skeletal Muscle. A – Epimysium B-Perimysium C- Endomysium

Identify the tissue and structures.

Skeletal Muscle – A-M-line B-Z line C-A band D–H zone E– I band


Neuromuscular Junction


Trachea. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium PSCCE, cilia, basement membrane, connective tissue is in the lamina propria just below the epithelium…note that blood supply is in the lamina propria because epithelium is AVASCULAR…


Myotendinous Junction A- tendon B- Muscle

Identify the tissue and what it’s showing.

Skeletal Muscle and the difference between types of muscle fibers.


Skeletal muscle. Fibers/cells are circular in the cross sectionNuclei are located at the edge of the cell (periphery)Epimysium: surrounds large group of fascicles (bundles of fibers)Perimysium: CT in between each fascicleA -Endomysium: immediately around each fascicleB- CapillaryC-Muscle fiber in cross sectionD- peripheral nucleus


Bone.


Skeletal Muscle. A- Endomysium B-Sarcomere C-Nuclei D-Muscle fiberLight band = I-band; contains Z-disc (thin filaments)Dark band = A-line (thick filaments)


Myotendinous Junction. Tendon and muscle cells are attached to each other by collagen fibers of the tendon insert themselves into muscle fibers and associate w/ infoldings on sarcolemmaTendon made up of fibroblasts and type I collagen (dense regular CT)

A- Myotendinous JunctionB-CollagenC-Striated muscleD- Muscle Cell NucleiE-Fibroblasts

Identify the tissue & structures.

Skeletal Muscle. A-Muscle fibers B- nerve fibers C-motor end plate


Bone w/osteocytes


Bone w/osteoblasts along border


Bone. A–Osteoblasts B-Osteoclasts C-Osteocytes


Cardiac Muscle – note intercalated discs


Elastic Cartilage

Identify the tissue and what is occurring.

Bone. Intramembranous OssificationO = osteoblasts laying down osteoid layerM = mesenchymal cells/tissuesB = boneV = vascularized areas


Compact bone. A-osteocytes B- Osteon


Blood.


Fibrocartilage.


Bone. Endochondral OssificationA = Calcified CartilageB = Osteoblasts laying down osteoidArrows = Osteocytes


Trachea again 10x – hyaline cartilage…because this isn’t articular cartilage it has a what??? (perichondrium located on the left side of the hyaline cartilage) identify chondrocytes, lacunae, isogenous groups, matrix…


Muscle - Endomysium


Myotendinous Junction T- Tendon I-Muscle


Elastic Cartilage.


Bone. Intramembranous OssificationA= resting zoneB = proliferative zoneC = hypertrophic cartilage zoneD = calcified cartilage zoneE= ossification zone


Thick skin. Identify stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale. MEISSNER’s corpuscle.


Fibrocartilage


Bone.

Identify the tissue and the pathology.

Bone fracture.


Thick skin – 4x – identify epidermis, dermis, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, keratinocytes, sweat glands

Identify this organ.

Heart


Skeletal Muscle. A-nerve bundle B-Axon C-Intrafusal fiber D- motor end plate


Arteries & Veins

Identify these cells labeled by the bracket.

Red Blood Cells

Identify the structures.

Trachea. A – matrix B – Isogenous groups C- lacunae D- chondrocytes


Bone. A- osteocytes B-Interstitial lamellae C- Haversian canal D- osteon

Identify these cells.

Identify this Tissue.

A- Fibrocartilage B-Tendon C-Bone


Intestine EM – Identify RBC’s, nuclei, plasma membrane, pinocytic vesicles, ER, basement membrane.


Osteogenesis of Bone. Resting zone: cartilage cells get pushed downProliferating zone: cells are active, dividing, forming stacks, and getting pushed downHypertrophying zone: cells swell because of extra cytoplasmCalcification zone: matrix around cells gets calcified and cells begin to dieOssification zone: where bone tissue first starts to appear


Bone. Osteogenesis - Intramembranous ossificationA – Osteoblasts B- Endothelial cell nucleus C – boney trabeculae


Cardiac Muscle – note intercalated discs


Bone. Endochondral Ossification


Smooth Muscle of Bladder. (XS – cross section, LS – longitudinal)

Identify the tissues.

A -Compact bone B- Muscle C- Marrow


Smooth Muscle of Gut. (IC – inner circular, OC – outer circular)

Identify the Structures

IV disc. A- bone marrow B-Annulus fibrosus C – nucleus pulposus


Smooth Muscle.


Thin skin 4x – identify epidermis, dermis, adipocytes, hair shaft, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, erector pili muscle, dermal interdigitations.


Respiratory Epithelium


Skin. A – epithelium B – small blood vessels C- fibroblasts D- Dense irregular CT E- Collagen bundles **note the lack of cells and high amount of ECM/collagen in the dense irregular connective tissue of the dermis.

.

Identify this cell.

Basophil

Identify these cells labeled by the “S”.

Sinusoidal Capillary

Identify this structure.

Lungs – Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar ducts, Alvelolar sacs & Alveoli.


Endocardium, Purkinje Cells, Myocardium


Bronchioles


Trabecular Bone.

Identify this cell.

Monocyte


Elastic Cartilage. P-Perichondrium


Tendon. A – Epitendineum B – Regular DCT C- Blood Vessel D- fibroblasts


Lung – transition from conducting to respiratory portion.

Identify this structure & labels.

Trachea. A-epithelium B-connective tissue C-goblet cells D-pericondrium E-chondrocytes


Trachea


Endocardium, Purkinje Cells, Myocardium


Trabecular Bone. A – Marrow Space B- Bony Trabeculae


Smooth Muscle.


A – Capillary B - RBC

Identify the structure labeled “LV”.

LV – Lymph vessels


Cardiac muscle – Epicardium N-Nerve, M-Myocardium F-Fat


Elastic Artery


A-Venule B-Arteriole C-Lymphatic Vessel D-smooth muscle cells


Elastic Cartilage. You can tell by special black stain that these are elastic fibers, there are still chondrocytes in lacunae present, isogenous groups are present, PERICHONDRIUM is present on both sides of the cartilage.

.


Muscular arteries


TENDON. High power of the tendinous portion…this this dense regular connective tissue, note the fibroblasts and densely packed type I collagen fibers; he explains that the reason why this tendon is wavy looking only because it was on slack…so it shouldn’t normally look like this and I don’t think he would use this slide on the test

.

Identify the structure.

Synovial Joint. E - epiphyseal plate A – Articular hyaline cartilage SM – Synovial membrane


Muscular Artery


A – vein B- artery


Heart – Left Ventricle


Lung

How many tissues can you identify?

Pericondrium, Goblet Cells, Capillary, PSSCE (from L to R)


Hyaline Cartilage.


A. GlomeruliB. Afferent arterioleC. Efferent arteriole

Identify these cells labeled by the arrows.

Platelets


Cartilage A- Chondrocytes B-Fibrocartilage C-Hyaline


Hyaline Cartilage


Lung


Fibrocartilage in Annulus Pulposus


Trachea. A-chondrocytes B – hyaline C- perichondrium


Elastic Cartilage: A –Chondrocytes B – isogenous groups


Loose Connective TissueNote abundant ground substance, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, fibroblasts (most cells in this slide are fibroblasts) and macrophages (the one with the blue spots). Name a place where you would find LCT and what is it’s function? (dermis, supports vascular structures, mucous membranes, mesenteries)


Lung – cells of alveolar wall.


Note the difference between collagen and elastic fibers)


This is from thymus tissue (20x) – note the adipocytes, capillaries running in between the adipocytes, because this is thymus all of the purple spots are white blood cells (probably T cells) The two large vessels on the left are arteries and veins…identify tunica intima, media and adventitia. What types of tissue lines the lumen of the blood vessels? (simple squamous epithelium/endothelium) Also what type of collagen are reticular fibers? (type III) See fig 5.46 in our book for a better pic of reticular tissue.


A- Lymphatic Vessel B-Venules C–Arterioles


Bone.


Skin. What are the different layers? What layer is the lighter pink? What type of tissue is this? What type of collagen is found in the light pink layer? (Thick skin, epidermis and dermis, dermis, dense irregular connective tissue, type I collagen)

.

Identify this tissue and structure labeled “?”

Cardiac Muscle with Purkinje cells in top left corner.


Skin. Hypodermis – note the large amount of adipose. The darker pink at the top of the slide is dense reg connective tissue; sweat glands are in the center of the slide.

.


Elastic Cartilage. A – chondrocyte nuclei B – elastin fibers .


Tendon! These are dense regular connective tissue…made of type I collagen, **note that there is more ecm than cells…compare to smooth muscle slides…so think what is the function of tendon in relationship to muscle and bone? How is the organization of a tendon different from a ligamnet? There are other figures in our book of longitudinal and cross section of tendon

.


Myotendinous Junction A –tendon B- Junction C- muscle

.


Muscle. What would the lighter pink at the bottom be? epimysium, perimysium, endomysium? What type of connective tissue? What type of collagen fibers? ( I think this is perimysium (but it could be epimysium too), because it surrounds muscle fibers as a fascicle and there are blood vessels in the connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, and I think it’s type I collagen) A – Muscle cell nuclei B – muscle fiber C – fibroblasts D – blood vessel

.

Identify this cell.

Lymphocyte

New Material

Inflammation, Healing, Ear, Eye, Nervous System, Kidney

A. Arrow pointing to the joint spaceB. Letter A is type A cells (macrophage like cells)of synovial

membrane, letter B is type B cells (fibroblast like cells) of the synovial membrane that are closely associated capillaries

Identify this condition.

Healing. Left side: perfectly parallel collagen fibers Right side: healing collagen fibers before they have organized into parallel fibers


Human Fibular Fracture SiteA. Fracture siteB. Hyaline cartilageC. Formation of new bone

Note the pathology on the right slide.

A. Fissures in articular surfacesB. Notice how the surface is very uneven, should be nice and smooth!


A. PCT D. Macula densaB. Urinary space/capsular space E. DCTC. Glomerulus

Identify tissue type and structures.

Nervous Tissue. A –fibroblast B –Schwann's cell nucleus C –Endoneurium D- Myelin sheath E – axons F – node of Ranvier


A. Glomerular capillariesB. Vascular poleC. Macula densa

D. Peritubular capillariesE. GlomeruliF. Interlobar capillaries


A. Collecting ductsB. Thin loops of HenleC. Vasa recta


A. Macula densaB. Mesangial cell E. PCTC. GlomerulusD. DCT


Nervous Tissue. A – Fascicles B – Perineurium C –Nerve Fibers D- small artery E- Fat Cells

Identify the tissue types and cells.

Nervous Tissue and Astrocytes

Identify the tissue undergoing healing.

Bone. A -Necrotic bone: no cells inside of the lacunae B- Granulation tissue: BV’s and fibroblastsC - Chondrocytes making hyaline cartilage templateD- Fracture Callus


Nervous Tissue. A – Satellite Cells B – Axons C – Nissl Substance D- Neuronal Cell body E- Basal Lamina F – endothelial cell nucleus G - fibroblasts

Identify the 3 layers and their content.

A-Fibrous Tunic B- Sclera C-Cornea D- Vascular Tunic E- iris F- Ciliary body G- choroid H- Retina I- pigmented layer J- neural layer

Identify blanks and overall structure.

Lens. A – Lens Epithelium B- Lens CapsuleC- Differentiating lens fibersD – Mature Lens fibers


A. Vasa rectaB. Thin loop of HenleC. DCTD. Collecting tubules

Identify Structure and Labels.

Spinal Cord. A – Central Canal D – Ventral HornB- Gray Matter w/ Motor Neurons E - Dorsal HornC – White Matter


A. Peritubular capillariesB. PCTC. DCTD. Collecting ducts

Identify all blank markers.

A-Ciliary muscle B- ciliary process C-Ciliary body D- Limbus E- Sclera venous sinus F- Lens G- Iris H- cornea I- pupil J- sphincter pupillae K- dilator pupillae L- anterior chamber M- posterior chamber N- anterior cavity O- sclera P- choroid Q-retina


A. Transitional epitheliumB. Minor calyxC. Renal papillaD. Collecting ducts


Effect of DOMS (bottom picture)-disruption of parallel A bands and I bands-z-discs are disrupted

Granulation Tissue.Left: granulation tissue- In growth of blood vessels Right: granulation tissue- not as many blood vessels here, collagen from fibroblasts



A. Granulation tissueB. Bone C. Fibrous tissue trying to bridge fracture site


Nervous Tissue. A – axon B – schwann cell nucleus C – node of Ranvier D- myelin sheath E – fibroblasts.


A. Granulation tissue D. Granulation tissueB. Osteoblasts E. Necrotic bone (dead bone): empty

lacunaeC. Osteoclasts F. osteoblasts


Nervous Tissue. A –Epineurium B –Perineurium C –nerve fascicleD- blood vessel


Cochlear DuctA- Spiral Ganglion B- Scala Tympani B C-periosteum D-scala vestibuli E- Spiral Organ F-Stria Vascularis G-Cochlear duct (scala media)

Identify all structures & overall tissue.

Nervous Tissue. A – DendriteB – NucleolusC- Alpha motor neuronD - OligodendrocyteE – Astrocyte

Identify the pathology and tissue of bottom slide.

Osteoarthritis CartilageA. Fissures B. Clustered chondrocytes


A. Podocyte E. Lumen of Basal LaminaB. Small black line= diaphragm F. Endothelial Cell of capillaryC. Basal lamina G. Filtration SlitD. Fenestration H. Pedicle

Identify the tissue undergoing healing.

Bone. A- showing trabecular bone B - showing cortical boneThe blue stained area is the fracture site healing, hard callus stage because there is a bridge almost entirely through fracture site, near radiographic union


A. Glomerular capillaryB. PodocyteC. Mesangial cellD. Bowman’s space

What is the arrow pointing to?

Synapse


Cornea. A – stratified squamous epithelium B- stroma C- simple squamous endothelium D – bowman’s membrane E – Decement’s membrane F –under epithelium G – under endothelium

Inflammation. A. WBC’s are sticking to the wall of dilated blood vesselsB. WBC’s are migrating C .WBC’s are emigrating to the area of injury forming EXUDATE



Iris. A – Dilator Pupillae muscles B- Sphincter PupillaeC – Pigmented epitheliumArrows – blood vessels


Nervous Tissue. A –endoneurium B –Perineurium C –nerve fibers D- Myelin sheath E - axons

Identify the layers and overall structure.

Retina.1. Inner limiting

layer2. Nerve fiber layer3. Ganglionic layer4. Inner plexiform

layer5. Inner nuclear

layer6. Outer plexiform

layer7. Outer nuclear

layer8. Outer limiting

layer9. Rod & cone layer10. Pigmented layer

Identify this tissue & the labels.

Cochlea & Spiral OrganCN–cochlear nerve SL-Spiral Limbus TM-Tectorial Membrane IHC- inner hair cell OHC – outer hair cells BM- basilar Membrane


Nervous Tissue. A – Fascicles B – Perineurium C - Epineurium

Identify tissue type and structures:

Nervous Tissue.1 – Neuronal cell bodies 2- Neuropil 3 – Glial cells


A. ArteryB. VeinC. Collecting ductsD. PCTE. DCT

review for cell bio final - slides

Education

dermal tissue

tissue structures

connective tissue

simple squamous tissue

neural tissue em

muscle cells

tissue structure warrow

cardiac muscle