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REVIEW 0F 0FFSHORE SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILES INTHE VICINITY OF THE CRISTIANITOS FAULT,

SAN ON0FRE, CALIF 0PRIA

by

IH. Gary Greene and Michael P. l'ennedy,

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this investigation is to review offshore seismic--rulec-

tion Hofile data that have been acquired by Southern California Edison (SCE)

iniustry, and government during the past 10 years in the vicinity of the San

Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS). These data were examined and in-

terpreted by us to determine the seaward extension and structural relationship

(if any) of the Cristianitos fault and the " Offshore Zone of Deforution"

"(0ZD)" of Woodward-Clyde (1979). Although many studies have been und2r-

taken and numarous reports have been written regarding the offshore geological

structure of this arca (1 aodaard-Clyde,1979; Ehlig,1979; Greene and others,

1919, and inny others), new data used in conjunction with a recently dueloped

regional tectonic model of the Gulf of Santa Catalina have led to the

rc valuation of the character of faulting in this area (Greene and others,

1979). The present report gives the results of this re-evaluation. He

have described the method of the analysis, the interpretation of the data,

and have discussed regional tectonics in conclusions.

The report includes new data, items 1 through 4 (table 1) which ware

supplied by SCE and the remaindar were obtained from our files. Inte rpretive

line drawings were made for most Woodward-Clyde, Marine Advisors, Uestern

Ccophysical, and USGS 1978-1979 SEA SOU.'iDER profiles, however, few were made

of the oil 2rs.,

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1. Lt.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.

2 California Division of Mines and Geology, La Jolla, Calif.

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: AnalysisL of the data was accomplished in three steps: -(1)'all of~

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ethe seismic profile ~ dsta were examined to determine the location of major

, geological structures;~-(2) line drawings were then constructed showing those

features of shich we were confident.and geological structure was plotted on

aL1:24,000 scale planime'tric map; (3) the data set was evaluated for its

' quality and_ weakly defined or questionable' parts. were removed from the map.-

.

Plate 1:-presents only those geologic features that are well defined. Correla-

-tion:of geological structure on the final map was made' with a high degree of"

' confidence. .

INTERPRETATION OF DATA^

Stradard interpretive methods:were used in the analysis of the seismic

reflection data. For a description of basic seismic reflection techniquesI an'd inh' rent problems in studying reflectors see Ibore (1969), Tuckere

and.Yorston (1973), Greene and others (1974), and Payton (1977). Criteria

for the interpretation of faults from acoustic profiles.are as follows:

' Kell-de_f_ined faults:_ (1) distinct displacement of prominent reflectors,

(2) abrupt discontinuity of prominent reflectors, (3) juxtaposition of an

~ interval- of prominent reflectors with a'n interval having different acoustic

characteristics, Dor._(4) abrupt changes in the dips of prominent reflectors

along distinct boundaries.

- Foo_rly'defi_ned~ faults: (1) inferred displacemant of prominent-reflec-

.. tors,;in!which the upper:or shallow reflectors may be bent- rather than

broken, L(2) discontinuity of prominent reflectors combined with a change in -'

~

acoustic character, orq(3) appa' ent changes in dip..r

T uestionable' fault s: - (1) non-instrumentallphase shift of reflectors,Q*

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?(2);bentfor:bmken reflectors that can be correlated with _known faults on-"

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*other profiles, (3) discontinuity of poorly defined reflectors, or (4) any

other zone of acoustic contrast, especially where the zone appears similar

to and aligns with a fault identified on an adjacent profile.

The orientation of faults was determined by the correlation of faults

having similar characteristics from one seismic profile to another. Geologic

structures have been projected between adjacent profiles on the basis of

their overall spatial relationships to one another. Faults that could not be

correlated between two or more adjacent profiles are not shown on the map.

Where fault planes dip more than s 35 , vertical exaggeration precludes

the deterTaination of the dip of that fault. Such faults are shown to be verti-

cal on the line drawings. Ordinarily, only an apparent vertical component

(vertical separation) of slip car. be determined on seismic reflection profiles,

whereas the apparent horizontal ccaponent (strike separation) is generally

impo:sibic to determine. The sense of displacemant h s not been shown on

faults mapped in this review because no stratigraphic control was available

or observable.

Data Voiiis,

Areas in which good quality data are lacking or the density of seismic

profiles are insufficient to map and correlate structures at a scale of

1:24,000 a s designated as " Data. Voids" (Plate 1). It must be cmphasized

that the notation " data void" does not mean that no data are available, only

that we felt the data are insufficient for correlation with confidence between

lines. The data in some areas are of sufficient quality to permit the exten-

sion of geologic structures by inference across expanses mapped as data voids;

in such cases, these structures are mapped as inferred or questionably

infe rred.

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; DISCUSSION-'

The interpretive 1 geological 1 structure map shows two zones of deforma-

tion (Plate 1). The most prominent.and well-defined zones lies along the1

western | edge of f the'' map and is.a segment of the "0Z0." The other 7one is

less well-defined but11s' nevertheless distinctive in its character and

extends southward offshore.from a position'a short distance south of SONGS.

: 'Betweenithese zones',Lthe stratigraphic succession is only maderatelyL .. .

1 deformed and consiststof. very gently folded or homoclinal bede.6

" Offshore Zone of Deformation"

(M The'"0ZD" of Woodward-Clyde (1979) has been referred to in carlier-

literatureJasi (1) the South ~ Coast Zone of Defonnation, (2) " Newport-

Inglewood offshore zone of deformation," and (3) the Newport-Inglewood-~

Rose- Canyon fault zone. This fault zone is generally- continuous and well-

defined in the; seismic profiles examined for this study (Figs.1, 2, 3, 5,p

L '7, 8, Land 9). .It is located on the' distal part of the nearshore shelf

approximately'7 km.from-SONGS at its closest point. The 0ZD trends northwest|. .

. ~.

; through the area ~ studied; it is narrow (less than 1 km wide) in the northwest'

I part of' the.' area and broadens to over 2 km wide in the southeast where it is

less clearlyLdefined (Plate 1).

: The 0ZDJis ; typically characterized in- the seismic reflection profilesg,

L by abrupt truncation of well-defined' reflectors (Figs.1 and 2). Between the; -

L | truncated [ reflectors are -tightly . folded... incoherent and locally displaced~

l' Er'eflectors. . A well-ddveloped syncline lies-~sub-parallel to the "OZD" along.

its (length in. the' area : studied- (Figs.1, 2, 3, 5, and 7; Plate 1). Many~

_ ,

[ of the faultsLtliat ' bound thet"OZD" extend. upward to the sea floor where they~

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The="Cristianitos Zone of Deformation" "CZD", trends north in this area,

.and lies | oblique to the "OZD."' This zone is-less well-defined and more, complex.

.in~ pattern than the:"OZD" (Figs. 2, 5, 6, 8, and 10). The "CZD" consists of

en eche16n faults and folds that extend offshore from SONGS and the zone appears

| to~ connect with the' "0ZD" 16 km souther ,t of the site, although the anta of.

. prob'able -intersection is 'not jvell surveyed (" Data Void," Plate 1). The "CZD"

Jappears to .be airclatively narrow zone, averaging approximately 0.5 km in

-width. -It narrows to less than 0.5 km about 10 km southeast of SL'.<GS..

~

lhe "CZD" is' an extensively faulted structure that is ecossly manifested

as a. complex asymmtricalianticline (Figs. 2, 3, and 6). The nearshore end of

the ''CZD" is dominated by a.well-defined fault that cuts near~ surface sedimntary,

i-ocks and is'' continuous 'for.nearly 3 km (Plate 1).

Structure landward -(east) of the "CZD" . is a little nore complex than that

seaward'(west) of the zone (Plate 1). The structure consists primarily ofl' -

7 [ short en echelon folds that are oriented north-south and intersect both themrw,

.

[ ".CZD" land 'a ;poorly defined fault zone (A on Plate 1) to the east at an

angl'e of' V30 . The western boundary of this structural zone is composed

- of en echelo'n, short, Qcp-seated faults. trending parallel to the "CZD"_

-in.the 'nearshore area (Figs. 2, 4, 6, and 7; Plate 1).

-CONCLUSIONS

Interpretation'ofimarine continuous seismic-reflection profiles in -'-

the vicinity of SONGS and . concentrated along the projected,- offshore trace

off ths ' ristianitos Lfault indicates to usL that two structural zones ofl C

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defonnation are present in this crea. The first and rest well defined zone

is a segment of the "OZD," a recognized Quaternary fault zone (Greene and

others,1979; lilleman,1979; Legg and Kennedy,1979). The second is 7ess well

defined but nevertheless exhibits characteristics similar to those of the

"02D." This second zone, the "CZD," consists principally of a highly frac-

tured and faulted asymmtrical anticlinal structures.

The "CZD" ar'd associated folds to the east combine to form a broad

structural zone (up to 3 km in width) which projects onshore to the north.

The southeast end of the "CZD" could become incorporated with a major syncline

of the "OZD", however, the structural relationship of the "CZD" with the

"OZD" is unconfirmed because of a " data void" (Plate 1).

'The age of ucst recent faulting along the "CZD" is unknown. All seismic

profiles examined show that faults associated with th3 "CZD" cad at or near

the surface' of an apparent tiave-cut platform that is overlain Lj ecoustically

transparent sedimant. ||owhere within the "CZD" is there evidence of seafloor

displacemant.

It is our conclusion that a structurally deform 3d zcne consisting of

coi relatable en echelon faults and folds, many extending into shallow '

subsurface strata (probably fleogene in age), is present along the expected

offshore extension of the "CZD." The seismic ieflection data reviewed I.ere

show that a fairly continuous fault zone extends south to southeastward off-

shore from SONGS to within 1 km of the "OZD," where a pm.iected connection .

is possible_

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REFERENCES

-Ehlig, Perry,1979, The Late Cenozoic evolution of the Capistrano embaynent,

,in, Fife, D. L. , ed. , Geologic guide of San Onofre Nuclear Generating

Station and adjacent regions of southern California: Pacific Section,

Am2rican Association of Petroleum Geologists Guide Book 46, p. A-38-

A-46.

Greene, H. G. , Lee, W. H. K. , McCulloch, D. S. , and Brabb, E. E. ,1974,

Faults and earthquakes in Monterey Bay region, California: U.S.'

Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies MF-518,14 p.

Hileman, J. A.,1979, Seismicity of the San Diego region, in, Abott, P. L.,

and Elliott, W. J. , eds. , Earthquakes and other perils, San Diego

region: Geological Society of America Annual Maeting, San Diego,

California,1979, Field Trip Guidcbook, p.11-20.

l egg, M. R. , and Kennedy, M. P. ,1979, Faulting offshore San Diego and

northern Baja California, in Abbott, P. L. , and Elliott, W. J. , eds.,

Earthquakes and other perils, San Diego region: Geological Society of

Amarica Annual Meeting, San Diego, California,1979, Field Trip

Guidebook, p. 29-46.

Moore, D. G.,1969, Reflection profiling studies of the California continental

borderland: Structure and Quaternary tus : idite basins: Geological

Society of Am2rica, Special Paper 107, 142 p.

Payton, C. E.,1977, ed. , Seismic stratigraphy---applications to hydrocarbon

exploration: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 26,

516 p.

1

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.

Tucker, P. M. , Yorston, H. J. ,1973, Pitfalls in seismic interpretation:

Society of Exploration Geophysicists Monograph Series t!ucber 2, 50 p.

Woodward-Clyde Consultants,1979, Report of the evaluation of nuxiroum

earthquake and site ground motion paranuters associated with the off-

shore zone of defonnation San Onofre fluclear Generating Station:

Prepared for Southern California Edison..

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TABLE 1*

DATA EXAMINED

1. Marine Advisors interm2diate penetration sparker profiles 5-9,

11,12,13,14,16,18, 20, 25, and 26,

2 .Uoodward-Clyde intenradiate penetration sparker and high-msolution

UNIB00M profiles numbers 801 to 807, 809-812, 814, 816, 818, 819,.

821, 822, 825, 828, 830, 832, 834, 836, 839, 841, 843, 845, 347,

849, 850, and 852.

3. Fugro Sonia profile SN0-5.

4. 1,'estern Geophysical deep-penetration CDP profiles numbers 106

(S. P. 359-191),117 (S. P. 231-27D),119 (S. P. 65-29D),121

(S. P.- 165-33D),123 (S. P.171-270), and 145 (S. P.195-39D).

5. USGS,1970 POLARIS intermediate penetration sjarker and high-resolution

mini-sparker profiles numbers 18, 23F, 24, and 25.

6. USGS,1978 and 1979 SEA SOUNDER (S2-78-SC and 52-79-SC) intermediate

to deep-penetration and high-resolution UNIB00M profiles: S2-78-SC

lin s 27, 28, 31, and 33; S2-79-SC lines SG and 58.

*See Plate 2 for location of profiles .

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.l_L_L USTRATIONS_

Plate 1. Geologic structure map - San Onofre offshore

2. Composite geophysical trackline map of San Onofre offshore

Figure 1. Line drawing Marine Advisor's seismic reflection profile S-22

showing location of the OZD and CZD. See Plates 1 and 2 for

location.

Figure 2 Line drawing and seismic reflection profile of Woodward-Clyde

Consultant's Line 845 showing 0ZD and CZD. See Plates 1 and

2 for location.

Figure 3. Line drawing and seismic reflection profile of Woodward-Clyde

Consultant's Line 836 she; ing 0ZD and CZD. See Plate 1 and 2

for location.

Figure 4. Lina drawing and seismic reflection profile of Uoodward-Clyde

Consultant's Line 822 showing CZD and inshore fault. See

Plate 1 and 2 for location.

Figure 5. Line drawing 'nd seismic reflection profile of USG3 SEA SOUNDER

Line 58 (S2-79-SC) showing OZD, CZD, and other faults seaward of

the study area. See Plates 1 cod 2 for location.

Figure 6. Line drawing and seismic reflection profile of Woodward-Clyde

Consultant's Line 816 showing CZD and deep faults i earshore.

See Plates 1 and 2 for location.

Figure 7. Line drawing of marine Advisor's seismic reflection profile S-16

showing 0ZD, CZD, and other structure in study area. See Plates

1 and 2 for location..

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Figure 8. Line drawing of USGS seismic reflection profile 33 (S2-78-SC)

showing OZD and CZD. See Plates 1 and 2 for location.

Figure 9. Line drawing and seismic reflection profile of USGS SEA SOUNDER

(S2-79-SC) Line 56 showing 0ZD. See Plates 1 and 2 for location.

Figure 10. Line drawing of USGS seismic reflection profile 57 (S2-79-SC)

shcaing fault inshore of C7.D. See Plates 1 and 2 for location.

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