Weeks 1 to 2 of the prenatal period are known as the __________ period.

Review of Lectures 1 & 2Gross Anatomy studies the structure and function ofThe digestive and urinary system. Cells of animals and plants.Organs and tissues visible to the naked eye.Extremely unappealing infectious diseases. Organs and tissues visible to the naked eye.

Structural organization of the body. Match the following levels with their correlating pictures:Tissue LevelOrganismal LevelCellular LevelChemical LevelOrgan LevelOrgan System Level

Answer in order: Chemical -> Cellular -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System -> OrganismalThe hypothalamus, pancreas, and testes all belong to which of the following organ systems:

IntegumentaryEndocrineReproductiveLymphatic

2. EndocrineThe pharynx, trachea, and lungs all belong to the_________ system.LymphaticUrinaryDigestiveRespiratory

4. RespiratoryThe brain, spinal cord, and eye all belong to the _________ system.NervousCardiovascularSensoryReproductive

NervousThe labia, mammary glands, and epididymis belong to the ________ system of the body.UrinarySecretoryReproductiveFeeding

3. ReproductiveName 2 structures in each of the following organ systems (Hint-you can use the pictures as aids):

Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Cardiovascular Lymphatic Digestive UrinaryThis person is in anatomical position.

TrueFalse

Answer: False. Woman on the right is in anatomical position with the palms of her hands facing forward.Anterior vs. Posterior:Anterior refers to parts of the body that are closer to the _________ as where posterior refers to those closer to the _________.Head, feetOutside, insideBelly, BackFront, Back

4. Front, BackDorsal vs. Ventral:Dorsal refers to structures on the _______ side of the body, as where ventral refers to those on the _______ side. Head, feetOutside, insideBack, bellyBack, front

3. Back, bellySuperior vs. InferiorThe term superior refers to objects closer to the _______, whereas inferior refers to objects closer to the _______. Head, feetOutside, insideBelly, BackBack, front

Head, feetSuperficial vs. DeepSuperficial refers to body parts that are on the _______, whereas deep refers to those that are found on the _______.

Head, feetOutside, insideBelly, BackBack, front

2. Outside, inside

Match the following terms with the body cavities indicated:Pleural CavityPelvic CavityCranial CavityDental CavityAbdominal CavityPericardial Cavity

1.2.3.4.5.Cranial CavityPleural CavityPericardial CavityAbdominal CavityPelvic CavityVisceral vs. ParietalThe visceral layer covers ________, whereas the parietal layer lines the ________ cavity.Organs, blood vesselsThe outer body, serousSerous fluid, bodyOrgans, body4. Organs, body

_________ is found between the visceral and parietal layers of a serous membrane. Its purpose is to ________________________________.Visceral Fluid, reduce friction caused by moving organsSerous Fluid, reduce friction caused by moving organsParietal Fluid, decrease weight of internal organsSerous Fluid, decrease weight of internal organsPericardiumPleura2. Serous Fluid, reduce friction caused by moving organsPeritoneum is serous membrane that lines the cavity and organs of the ________.GluteusAbdomenHeartChest

2. AbdomenMatch the following forms of medical imaging with the proper picture:(What is the function of each type?)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)Sonography (Ultrasound)Computed Tomography (CT Scan)AngiographyMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)Radiography (X-rays)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Angiography MRI Radiography CT Scan Sonography PET Functions-to measure brain functioning.-to view the fetus through soundwaves.-to view 3D images of the brain. -to view veins and arteries.-to view soft tissues (tears or sprains).-to view hard structures/bone (cant see cartilage). Weeks 1 to 2 of the prenatal period are known as the __________ period.PrimaryEmbryonicPre-embryonicJurassic

Answer: 3: Pre-embryonicFertilization of the ovum (secondary oocyte) generally occurs in the _______ of the uterine tube (oviduct) and forms a _______. Endometrium, blastocystAmpulla, zygoteSkillet, boiled eggAmpulla, embryoblast

Answer: 2. Ampulla, zygoteAmpullaWhen a zygote has formed 16 cells through the process of cleavage it is referred to as a _________.Multi-cellular zygoteAmnionMultiblastMorula

Answer: 4. MorulaThe trophoblast is composed of which 2 layers? What does it eventually form?Cytotrophoblast & Epiblast, Chorion & PlacentaCytotrophoblast & Syncytiotrophoblast, Embryo & AmnionEpiblast & Hypoblast, Embryo & PlacentaCytotrophoblast & Syncytiotrophoblast, Chorion & Placenta

4. Cytotrophoblast & Syncytiotrophoblast, Chorion & PlacentaThe Inner Cell Mass (ICM) is composed of what 2 layers? It eventually forms what 2 structures?Epiblast & Hypoblast, Chorion & PlacentaCytotrophoblast & Syncytiotrophoblast, Embryo & AmnionEpiblast & Hypoblast, Embryo & AmnionCytotrophoblast & Syncytiotrophoblast, Chorion & Placenta

3. Epiblast & Hypoblast, Embryo & AmnionThe embryonic period includes weeks ___ through ___ of pregnancy. 1 through 23 through 56 through 383 through 8

Answer: 4. 3 through 8Prior to Gastrulation, a primitive streak is formed upon the which layer of the embryoblast?EpiblastHypoblastCytotrophoblastBlastoids

Answer: 1. EpiblastDuring Gastrulation, invaginated cells form which of the following 3 germ layers?EctrodermMesodermEndoderm

2. MesodermDerivatives of the Endoderm include both the ______ and ______.Kidneys and heartSkin and nervous tissueMetacarpals and MetatarsalsDigestive and respiratory systems

Answer: 4. Digestive and respiratory systemsWhich form of body folding occurs first during the embryonic period?Transverse foldingCephalocaudal foldingNeither. Both 1 and 2 occur simultaneouslyThe big bang explosion

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2 occur at the same timeDuring neurulation, the process by which the notochord tells the ectoderm to begin forming the neural plate is called__________.NeurogenolysisInduction CompactionNeural transmission

Answer: 2. InductionThe neural tube formed during neurulation eventually becomes what 2 structures in the human body?Head and tailSkin and bonesBrain and spineSpine and vertebrae

3. Brain and spineThrough organogenesis, all rudimentary organ systems have developed by week ___. 616188

4. 8During the fetal period (weeks 9-38) the fetus undergoes which 2 processes?Neurulation and OrganogenesisGrowth and MaturationCleavage and ImplantationCompaction and Induction

Answer: 2. Growth and maturationA _________ is anything that causes a birth defect.AndrogenCarcinogenPepsinogenTeratogen

Answer: 4. Teratogen

Know this chart!