review questions lectures 12 & 13
DESCRIPTION
anatomyTRANSCRIPT
Reviews Lectures 12 & 13
Name the cranial nerves in order:
Olfactory bulb, terminationof olfactory nerve (CN I)
Optic nerve (CN II)
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)Vagus nerve (CN X)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
page 473
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.8.9.10.12.
11.
Olfactory bulb, terminationof olfactory nerve (CN I)
Optic nerve (CN II)
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)Vagus nerve (CN X)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)Facial nerve (CN VII)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
Hint:1. On2. Occasion3. Our4. Trusty5. Truck6. Acts 7. Funny8. Very 9. Good 10. Vehicle11. Any12. How
Name whether the following nerves carry sensory functions, motor functions, or both:
Cranial Nerve Function: Sensory, Motor, Both
Acessory
Facial
Optic
Olfactory
Vestibulocochlear
Vagus
Hypoglossal
Abducens
Trigeminal
Trochlear
Accessory
Glossopharyngeal
MotorBoth
SensorySensorySensory
BothMotorMotorBoth
MotorMotorBoth
How many pairs of spinal nerves are found in the body?
1. 322. 343. 194. 31
Answer: 31
At what structure in the vertebral arch (L1) is the tip of the spinal cord found?
Answer: Conus Medullaris
Cervical cord
Thoracic cord
Sacral cordLumbar cord
Cauda equina
Posterior view
Co1S5
S4
L5
S1S2S3
L4
L3
L2
L1
T12
T11
T10
T9T8
T7T6
T4T5
T3T2T1C8C7C6C5C4
C1C2C3
Conus medullaris
A _________ is a specific segment of skin supplied by a single pair of spinal nerves.
1. Dermatite2. Dermatome3. Dermasome4. Dermasite
Answer: Dermatome
Why are dermatomes clinically significant?
Answer: They help assess the location of spinal cord damage by pressing on segments of the skin to discover loss of senses.
In order to have activated shingles, one must have previous had ________ virus in which the virus had left the skin and invaded posterior root ganglion of the PNS.
How is shingles manifest?
1. Varicella2. Small Pox3. Chicken Pox4. Both 1 and 35. All of the above
Answer: Both 1 and 3
Answer: A rash of scaly, painful blisters that are usually confined to one or a few adjacent dermatomes.
A nerve ________ is a network of interweaving spinal nerves that splits into multiple nerves that innervate various body structures.
1. Complex2. Simplex3. Plexus4. Plexiglas
Name the 4 principle nerve plexuses from superior to inferior:
Answers:1. Cervical2. Brachial3. Lumbar 4. Sacral
Answer: Plexus
The _________ plexus is comprised of spinal nerves C5-TI and innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limbs.
1. Cervical2. Brachial3. Lumbar4. Sacral
Answer: Brachial
The ________ plexus is comprised of spinal nerves L1-L4 and innervates the lower limb.
1. Cervical2. Brachial3. Lumbar4. Sacral
Answer: Lumbar
The _________ plexus is comprised of spinal nerves C1-C4 and innervates the anterior neck and parts of the head and shoulders.
1. Lumbar2. Brachial3. Cervical4. Sacral
Answer: Cervical
The _________ plexus is comprised of spinal nerves L4-S4 and innervates the lower limb.
1. Lumbar2. Sacral3. Brachial4. Cervical
Answer: Sacral
Match the following nerves with it’s plexus:1. Femoral Nerve2. Musculocutaneous Nerve3. Ulnar Nerve4. Phrenic Nerve5. Median Nerve6. Sciatic Nerve7. Radial Nerve
Cervical plexusBrachial PlexusLumbar PlexusSacral Plexus
What do the phrenic, femoral, and sciatic nerve innervate respectively?
Answer: diaphragm, anterior thigh muscles, and lower limb except anterior thigh
Label the reflex in the order that impulse are sent:
Answers:1. Receptor2. Sensory (afferent) neuron3. Interneurons4. Motor (efferent) neuron5. Effector
A ___________ reflex is the simplest form of reflex and does not involve any interneurons, as where a ___________ reflex is more complex and has more than one synapse (thus at least 1 interneuron).
1. Simple, complex2. Unisynaptic, multisynaptic3. Sensory, motor4. Monosynaptic, polysynaptic
Answer: Monosynaptic, polysynaptic
Can you name an example of each type of reflex?Answer: Monosynaptic – knee jerk reflexPolysynaptic – withdrawal reflex
Which of the following explains the true difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous system?
1. Somatic innervates smooth muscles as where autonomic innervates skeletal muscles.
2. Somatic is under “voluntary” control as where autonomic is under “involuntary” control.
3. Autonomic involves simply sensory neurons as where somatic strictly involves motor neurons.
4. Autonomic is found on the ventral side of the spinal cord and somatic is found on the dorsal.
Answer: Somatic is under “voluntary” control as where autonomic is under “involuntary” control.
Which is generally monosynaptic and which is generally polysnaptic?
Answer:Somatic nervous system = monosynaptic with 1 somatic sensory and 1 somatic motor neuron.Autonomic nervous system = polysynaptic with 1 visceral sensory neuron and 2 autonomic motor neurons.
Name the 3 labeled structures of the autonomic nervous system:
1. 2. 3.Preganglionic Axon Postganglionic AxonAutonomic Ganglion
The autonomic nervous system is composed of 2 divisions: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic. The following pictures demonstrate examples of which?
??
Parasympathetic Division Sympathetic Division
State whether each description is referring to the parasympathetic or sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system:
1. Also known as the “fight or flight” division. It is activated in emergency situation and when the body is excited or stressed.
2. Also known as the “rest and digest” division. It conserves energy and replenishes energy stores.
3. It originates off of the brainstem (cranial nerves III, VII, I, and X) and the sacral spinal cord.
4. It originates from vertebrae T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
Answers:1. Sympathetic2. Parasympathetic3. Parasympathetic4. Sympathetic
Most organs are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Name the effects each divisions has on the following organs:
Organ Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Pupils
Digestive System
Heart
Blood Vessels
Pupil constriction
Increases activities related to digestion
Decreases heart rate
Not innervated or vasodilation
Pupil dilation
Reduces activities related to digestion
Increases heart rate
Vasoconstriction to increase BP
Which of the following is not a general sense:
1. Temperature2. Touch3. Pain4. Pressure5. Equilibrium6. Stretch
Answer: Equilibrium
Name the 5 special senses:1. Gustation/Taste2. Olfaction/Smell3. Vision/Sight4. Equilibrium5. Audition/Hearing
Match the receptors with the stimuli they detect:
1. Thermoreceptors2. Nociceptors3. Barorectors4. Chemoreceptors5. Mechanoreceptors6. Photoreceptors
Pain
Audition and Balance
Light/Color
Taste and Smell
Heat
Blood Pressure
________ are mechanoreptors that react to touch, pressure, and vibration.
1. Tactile Receptors2. Sensory Receptors3. Physical Receptors4. Dentritic Receptors
Free nerve ending
Tactile disc
Ruffini corpuscle
Root hair plexus
Lamellated corpuscle
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer
Krause bulb
Tactile corpuscle
Answer: Tactile Receptors
In what 2 areas are Tactile Receptors found?
Answer: Dermis and Hypodermis
Name the type of papillae on the tongue based on the following descriptions:
1. anterior 2/3 tongue, no taste buds.2. tip and sides of tongue, few taste buds.3. back of tongue, largest.4. lateral tongue, taste buds during infancy.
1. _________________2. _________________3. _________________4. _________________
1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
Filiform
Vallate
Fungiform
Foliate
Filiform
Fungiform
Vallate
Foliate
Which of the following is not one of the 5 flavors detected by the tongue?
1. Umani2. Bitter3. Sweet4. Salty5. Spicy6. Sour
Answer: Spicy
The _________ nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue as where the _________ innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
1. Hypoglossal, Glossopharyngeal2. Glossopharyngeal, Abducens3. Abducens, Facial4. Glossopharyngeal, Facial
Ansser: Glossopharyngeal, Facial
Label them in the picture to the right:
pages 570-571
Facial Nerve (VII)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
Name the following cells involved in olfaction based on the descriptions below:
1. Are chemoreceptors and bipolar neurons.2. Are stem-like cells used for the renewal of other cells.3. Surround and support olfactory neurons.
1._________________2._________________3._________________
Olfactory Receptor Cells/neurons
Basal Cells
Supporting Cells
Name the accessory structures of the eye based on the descriptions below:
1. Prevents Foreign objects from contacting the eye2. Produces, secretes, and carries tears.3. Covers eye’s anterior surface and internal eyelid surface.4. Found on the inside of the eyelid and constantly moistens the
outside of the eye.
Word Bank: ConjunctivaEyebrows/Eyelashes/EyelidsLacrimal SystemTarsal Glands
Answers:1. Eyebrows/Eyelashes/Eyelids2. Lacrimal System3. Conjunctiva4. Tarsal Glands
1 2
3
4
5
6
page 576
Name the following eye structures:1. Lens2. Pupil3. Anterior chamber4. Posterior chamber5. Vitreous chamber6. Optic nerve
What type of fluid are the three chambers of the eye filled with?
Answers:Aqueous, Aqueous, Vitreous (respectively)
Where are the following structures of the eye located?
1. Sclera2. Cornea3. Choroid4. Ciliary body5. Suspensory
ligaments6. Iris7. Retina
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
_________ operate best in bright light and provide high acuity color vision, as where _________ function in dim light and don’t provide sharp or colored vision.
1. Cones, Cylinders2. Cones, Rods3. Cylinders, Cones4. Rods, Cones
Answer: Cones, Rods
Which of the 2 structures is found most abundantly in the retina?
Answer: Rods
Which of the following doesn’t contain cones?
1. Fovea Centralis2. Retina3. Optic Disc4. Macula Lutea
Answer: Optic Disc
Macula lutea
Foveacentralis
Bloodvessels Optic disc
Lateral Medial
Label the structures of the external ear:
External ear
Auricle
External acoustic meatus
Tympanicmembrane
1.2.
3.
Answers:1.Auricle2.External Auditory Meatus3.Tympanic Membrane
Which of the following structures is responsible for producing earwax that impedes microorganism growth?
1. Tympanic Membrane2. Ceruminous Glands3. Choroid Plexuses4. Basal Cells
Answer: Ceruminous Glands
Name the three bones of the middle ear:
1.___________________2.___________________
3.___________________
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Which structure is found beneath the footplate of the stapes?
Answer: Oval Window
Name the following structures of the inner ear based on the descriptions below:
1. Senses Audition.2. Detects acceleration and deceleration. Helps sense equilibrium.3. Detects rotational movements and helps sense equilibrium.4. The vestibular and cochlear nerves come together to from this
cranial nerve.
Answers: 1. Cochlea2. Vestibule3. Semicircular Canals4. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
Name the following structures of the Cochlea:
Oval window
Round window
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Cochlear duct
Vestibular membrane
Basilar membrane
1
2 3
4
5
Cochlear branchof CN VIII
Scala Vestibuli
Scala Tympani
Cochlear Duct
Oval Window
Round Window
Vestibular Membrane
Basilar Membrane
Name the type of liquid in the ear:__________ is found in the cochlear duct as where __________ is found in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani.
1. Perilymph, Epilymph2. Endolymph, Epiymph3. Endolymph, Hypolymph4. Endolymph, Perilymph
Answer: Endolymph, Perilymph
3.
1. 2.
Which of the following shows the location of a hair cell? What is this structure called?
Answer: 3. Spiral Organ of Corti
Name the following eye diseases:
1._____________ is a major cause of blindness due to the lens becoming oblique. It can be treated with an artificial lens.
2. _____________ destroys sharp, central vision by damaging or killing cells of the macula and surrounding structures.
1. Cataracts 2. Macular Degeneration