Process of CommunicationProcess of Communication

Stages of CommunicationStages of Communication Communication is a Communication is a dynamic interactivedynamic interactive

process. It consists of five steps which are as process. It consists of five steps which are as follows:follows:

IdeationIdeationEncodingEncodingTransmissionTransmissionDecodingDecodingResponse (Feedback)Response (Feedback)

IdeationIdeationFormation of idea or selection of a message Formation of idea or selection of a message

to be communicated.to be communicated.

Consists of “What” of communication------Consists of “What” of communication------content of the specific message.content of the specific message.

Scope of ideation------determined by the Scope of ideation------determined by the sender’s knowledge, experiences and sender’s knowledge, experiences and abilities as well as the purpose of abilities as well as the purpose of communication and the context.communication and the context.

…… ……ContinuedContinuedTypes of MessagesTypes of Messages

Logical -----Factual informationLogical -----Factual information

Emotional------Feelings and emotionsEmotional------Feelings and emotions

Ideation in a Formal Communicative Ideation in a Formal Communicative SituationSituation

Finding and selecting a subject or general Finding and selecting a subject or general topictopic

Looking for ideas and thoughtsLooking for ideas and thoughts

Deciding the type and sources of Deciding the type and sources of information.information.

EncodingEncoding

The process of changing the information into The process of changing the information into some form of logical and the coded message.some form of logical and the coded message.

In a formal situation, encoding involves:In a formal situation, encoding involves: Selecting a languageSelecting a language Selecting a medium of communicationSelecting a medium of communication Selecting an appropriate communication Selecting an appropriate communication

formform

Communication FormsCommunication Forms

FormForm ExamplesExamples1.1. Interpersonal face to Interpersonal face to

face communicationface communication2.2. Group CommunicationGroup Communication3.3. Speaker-audience Speaker-audience

CommunicationCommunication4.4. Telephonic Telephonic

CommunicationCommunication5.5. Written Written

CommunicationCommunication

Casual conversations, formal Casual conversations, formal interaction, interviewsinteraction, interviews

Meetings, conferencesMeetings, conferences

Speeches, seminarsSpeeches, seminarsPersonal interactions, Personal interactions, business dealsbusiness dealsReports, memos, Reports, memos, proposals, letters, emailsproposals, letters, emails

TransmissionTransmission

Flow of message over the chosen channelFlow of message over the chosen channel

One of the most basic aspects of One of the most basic aspects of communication-----involves choosing the communication-----involves choosing the proper time (When), proper place (Where) proper time (When), proper place (Where) and a proper way (how).and a proper way (how).

DecodingDecoding The process of converting a message into thoughts by The process of converting a message into thoughts by

translating the received message into an interpreted translating the received message into an interpreted meaning in order to understand the message meaning in order to understand the message communicated.communicated.

Interpretation of the message.Interpretation of the message.

Oral communication----listening and understandingOral communication----listening and understanding

Written communication------ reading and Written communication------ reading and understandingunderstanding

ResponseResponse

The action or reaction of the receiver to the The action or reaction of the receiver to the message.message.

Feedback ------ acceptance or rejectionFeedback ------ acceptance or rejection

Key to communicationKey to communication

The Communication ProcessThe Communication Process

Sender ReceiverSender Receiver

Ideation Encoding Transmission Decoding Ideation Encoding Transmission Decoding FeedbackFeedback

Sender has an idea

Sender coverts the idea into words and gestures

Message travels over channel

Receiver decodes message

Receiver responds

…… ……. Continued. Continued

Some Basic Truths about Some Basic Truths about CommunicationCommunication

Meanings sent are not always receivedMeanings sent are not always received

No two minds have identical filters, No two minds have identical filters, storehouses of words, gestures, facial storehouses of words, gestures, facial expressionsexpressions

They might not attach same meanings to all They might not attach same meanings to all symbolssymbols

………………………….Continued.Continued

Meaning is in the mindMeaning is in the mind Consider the communication abilities Consider the communication abilities

of the receiversof the receivers Receivers do not look at the meaning Receivers do not look at the meaning

alone; they also look for the intended alone; they also look for the intended meaningmeaning

…………………………………….Continued.Continued

The symbols of communication The symbols of communication are imperfectare imperfect

Words are crude substitutes for the Words are crude substitutes for the real thingreal thing

Man, dog, house and run etc.Man, dog, house and run etc. Communicators vary in their ability Communicators vary in their ability

to communicate thoughtsto communicate thoughts Lack of equivalent words in various Lack of equivalent words in various

culturescultures

Resulting stress on adaptation

Adaptation of messages to the minds Adaptation of messages to the minds of receiversof receivers

Adaptation ---- fitting the message to Adaptation ---- fitting the message to the recipientsthe recipients

Differences between Written Differences between Written and Oral Communicationand Oral Communication

Written Communication--- usually Written Communication--- usually involves creative effortinvolves creative effort

Oral face to face communication----Oral face to face communication----communication cycles occur fast communication cycles occur fast

Written communication---- messages Written communication---- messages may communicate over extremely may communicate over extremely long time periods (e-mails and text long time periods (e-mails and text messages are exceptions).messages are exceptions).

Limited number of communication Limited number of communication cycles in written communicationcycles in written communication