Plate Tectonics and Associated Hazards

Revision Session

• Pass on your work to one of your peers.• Use the mark scheme to read through and mark the work.• Move papers on again and mark a second one• Do this one more time• Then retrieve your paper, mark it and see if you agree with

the marks?• Discuss strengths and weaknesses• All have a look at the model answer• How does this compare with your work?• Write down 3 things you could do to improve your extended

question answer

Last weeks question

The structure of the Earth (Lithosphere)Theory of continental drift and plate tectonicsConverging BoundariesDiverging BoundariesConservative BoundariesThe Hot Spot TheoryStructure of Volcanoes and where they occurEarthquakes and where they occur

Summary of Learning

The management of Natural Hazards (4R’s)Predicting volcanic ActivityCase Studies for Volcanic Eruptions and EarthquakesYou will receive some case study material and I want you to construct a grid on the A3 paper you have. Summarise information on to grid so you can use this as a revision tool

Summary of Learning

Discuss for 2 to 3 minutes or make a list of as many physical volcanic hazards as you can.Can you give clear examples of where these Hazards have occurred… i.e which volcanoes?Check them off as we work through them.

Volcanic Hazards

Which of the following are physical or human responses to Earthquakes

… successful Earthquake management depends upon a number of interacting variable .. Can you guess what they are .. You have 3 minutes …. to discuss and write a list. When we ago through the answers decide again if they are physical or human and put them in to 2 columns.

Responding to an Earthquake

Remember, physical or human

preparedness

Time of day

Base Geology

Ability to cope and react

Location of epicentre

Pinpointing the weaknesses in infrastructure

Charting the recurrence interval

Identification of localities prone to liquefaction/folding or faulting

Efficiency of emergency services

Building style

Duration of the shake

Depth of Focus

Tuned DampersRubber BearingsPendulum BearingsBuilding height controlSpring foundationsReinforced masonry with ductile joints to allow some bendingA light frame structure using woodUse of concrete with pre stressed steel coreCross bracing

What do they have in common?Can you categorise them?

Which of the following have you heard of?

They are examples of Earthquake engineering. Learn these as examples of Earthquake Engineering. The first 5 are examples of vibration control and the second 4 are examples of materials used in seismic construction.

ReductionReadinessResponseRecovery

Construct 4 boxes and add the following bits of information to the correct box

4R’s Activity

Public Education

Evacuations

Community and civil contingency plans by government agencies

Coordination and control

Planning and Emergency Reviews

Emergency Shelters

Dealing with Injuries

Schools and families undertaking awareness sessions led by government agencies and emergency services

Restoring Infrastructure

Making emergency finance available and providing insurance support

Practising and maintaining communication systems such as the emergency services and checking and testing warning systems

Practising and testing family and school defence plans

Training officials and volunteers

Evacuations

Hazard planning and risk management analysis

Communications

Restoration and rebuilding

Making emergency finance available and providing insurance support

What is the difference between Oceanic and continental crust?What is Isostacy?What is the difference between basic and acid lava?

Progress Check

Oceanic crust is denserRelates to the buoyancy of the crusts materialBasic lava has less silica, moves quickly and is hotter

Answers

What is a natural hazard?Why are gas levels measured in a volcano?How can the products of volcanic eruptions be successfully used?

Progress Check

It has potential to cause loss of life and propertyIncrease in gas levels suggest an imminent eruptionBuilding blocks and fertile soils and power generation

Answers

Why is it that not all earthquake events result in disasters?Name two factors that the magnitude and intensity of Earthquakes depend on?Outline why the effects of Earthquakes are different in MEDC’s and LEDC’s

Progress Check

With no population there can be no disasterThe depth of focus, the number of buildings on the surface, the numbers of people present and the type of rock – hard rock absorbs/soft rock amplifies.See case studies ..!

Answers