reviving linnahall - book #2 - design

Reviving LinnahallUrban magnet at Tallinn harbour

Summarized account Maiu Hirtentreu

DESIGN

Master studies and the thesis projectsupported by: The Cultural Endowment of EstoniaThe Archimedes Foundation and the Ministry of Education and Research of Estonia

info

tutor

content

studio

Maiu [email protected]

+372 58 141 740Student nr: 307781

Kasper Guldager Jø[email protected]

Aarhus School of ArchitectureThesis project

spring 2014

Studio Regenerative Architecture

Reviving LinnahallUrban magnet

at Tallinn harbour

Summarized account

Index

Book #1RESEARCH

Book #3PROCESS

Book #2DESIGN

IntentionsGoal 10Investigations 13Proposal 14

DesignProgramme 18Overall design strategys 20Design strategies 21Design parameters 23Layer characteristics 24Red pier - a shortcut 24Green path - slow track 26Yellow river - fast track 28Site plan 32

ExitReflection 38Existing programme 40New programme with existing 41Master CV 43List of Bibliography 44

What’s the story? 4

History & backgroundWhat is Linnahall? 10Photos of Linnahall when it was just opened 16

Existing building & landscapeSite parameters 20Photos of Linnahall 22Zoning of the existing building 28

Site analysisLocation 34Climate in Tallinn 35Surroundings & nearby 36Programmatic segmentation 40Connectivity 42

Case studiesHigh Line Park 46Superkilen public park 48Parc De La Villette 52

Intentions

URBAN MAGNET - new public space at the Linnahall that creates

urban landscape, outdoor activities and reclaims the waterfront

Goal

Reviving Linnahall8 Intentions

Intention: creating urban landscape

Intention: creating outdoor activities

Intention: reclaiming the waterfront

Adding new layers to the existing, that will give a mix between the old and the new

Adding new public programme to the existing building (concert hall/ice-skating hall)

Reconnecting Linnahall’s promenade with the waterfront and adding additional water elements

Goal

Intentions Reviving Linnahall 9

Investigations

“Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes; systems;

structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and

future generations to create healthy and liveable communities. Socially sustainable

communities are equitable, diverse, connected and democratic and

provide a good quality of life.”

“A process for creating sustainable, successful places that promote

wellbeing, by understanding what people need from the places they live

and work. Social sustainability combines design of the physical realm with design

of the social world – infrastructure to support social and cultural life,

social amenities, systems for citizen engagement and space for people and

places to evolve.” ”Designing for social sustainability”

Western Australia Council of Social Services (WACOSS)

Reviving Linnahall Intentions10

Investigations

People attract people

Key points that attract people to stay:

Walking

Standing

Sitting

Seeing

Hearing

Talking

People need spaces for walking, places for staying

Sitting places

Sun (sun-traps)

Wind (absence of wind & drafts)

Trees / greenery (to be close to the nature)

Water (to touch / the sound)

Food

Stairs (few steps to brake the common walking pattern)

Show to look at (something to attract the attention: people, retailing-stores)

Toilets

In the sun

In the shade

In groups

Urban space should offer choices where to be

Alone

In the centre of attention

In private zones

Ideas are taken from the books: ”The social life of small urban spaces”, William H. White, 2010 and ”Life between the buildings. Using public space”, Jan Gehl, 2010


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Aida tn Lai tn Vaimu tn

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Proposal

Reopen the promenade to the sea (heliport breaks

the walking flow)

Additional connections

New connections

New connection over the landscape that connects Cultural

Kilometer to the new harbour planning

1

2

Reviving Linnahall Intentions12

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NAdding new functions to existing

Every journey needs a start , middle part and the ending . Going to Linnahall is like a journey through a various experiences, where you have visual introduction, to seize the attention. A start to build up the appertise, a middle part for taking a time to enjoy and a destination to make all this effort worth while. The yellow will aim for visual interruption and creates a urban plaza. Red aims for a new viewplatform and a place to rest. And blue aims for a water interruption.

Linnahall was built as a bridge through the industry to give back piece of coastline to pedestrians. This means that Linnahall was surrounded by industrial buildings with their huge machinery. When time passed industry moved/changed/died and left behind plots of unused land. This left Linnahall alone on the coastline. Today, with new harbour area planning, Linnahall needs to be connected with its neighbours to support the walking-flow and ensure that people will keep using this urban space.Therefore this thesis uses the design of two main paths that will be visually atracctive and interesting also some additional connections to support the flow.

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Design

What this place needs?

This project concentrates how to unify three main programmatic areas

OFFICES

ENTERTAINMENT

HOTELS

SHOPS

DINING

APARTMENTS

OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

the

am

ou

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he

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a

Programme

harbour bath

rooftop cafe / view plarform

plaza

Reviving Linnahall Design16

ProgrammeProgramme

SwimmingSunbathingVolleyball

Ice-skating

Children playgroundCafe/kiosk

ToiletChanging room

Movable chairsFramed views

Greenery: high/low/grass/sand

Accessibility: car/bike/wheelchair

EatingWalkingResting

Sledging

CafeBridge

Water elementsUrban gardens

Rooftop cinemaTower

Shelters

Framed viewsGreenery: high/low/grass/water

elements

Accessibility: on foot

WalkingResting

MerchantiseMeeting people

Market areaWater elementsOutdoor gym

Outdoor skateparkPicninc areas

BBQChildren playground

SheltersToilet

Framed viewsGreenery: high/low/grass/water

elements

Accessibility: car/bike/wheelchair

AC

CES

S E

XPER

IEN

CE

CO

NST

RUC

TION

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Design Reviving Linnahall 17

Consentrating the area between building and landscape

Creating outdoor activities

Adding layers to existing

Designing for social sustaainability

Social generator

Creating new urban landscape

Reclaiming the waterfront

Conseptual proposals and more detailed proposals

The project starts and ends within the perimeter of Linnahall

The building = Urban landscape

Overall design strategies


Design strategies

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Red pier marks the connection between Cultural Kilometre and new harbour design. The pier layer is lifted up from the landscape, to arouse interest from people passing by.

Yellow river is flowing over the landscape like a river. Since usually river flows fast, the aim for this layer is to pass through the landscape as fast as possible. There will not be any obstacles put on the way to slow down the pace.

Green path is added on the landscape and creates cosy corners to rest. Fragmenting the path makes the walk slower and offers many opportunities for a person to look around.

Yellow river - fast track

Green path - slow track

Red pier - a shortcut

Three really distinct layers are superimposed to the existing landscape


Design parameters

Red pier

Lifted up from the landscape and it only touches the landscape as little as possible.

Lying on the top of the landscape.Follows the landscape more or less.

Wraps the landscape where it is touching it. Follows the landscape completely.

Layers have hierarchy

between each other, where

yellow is on the lowest level and

the red layer is on the highest level.

This means that when layers meet,

green goes over the yellow and red goes over both of

them.

Green path

Yellow river

1

2

3


Layer characteristics

What?

Why?

How?Impressions

Red pier - a shortcut

A pier and a bridge, that are forming a spacial x-shape. In the meeting point they become one.

They are not designed in a traditional way, but to serve the traditional purpose. Bridge is know as connecting two sides and in this project it connects different platforms. Pier is know for a platform to walk on and then walk back the same way and in this project from the pier and bridge meeting point you can only walk forward and then you have to walk the same way back.

They connect Cultural Kilometer with the new harbour development.

The pier hides within itself a shelter, a cafe and really highly hanging swings.

• Many new connections on the existing landscape and meaningful ending to the Culture Kilometer• New views to the city• Shelters from wind and rain• Cafe gives the opportunity to stay there longer• Elevated layer makes it noticable from futher away

Red pier relates to OMA’s Parc De La Villette’s one layer that has big programmatic buildings.

Bridge-part has slight inputs from Kalvebod waves, in Copenhagen. The pier is calmer with playing the landscape where it is attached.

The pier has wide swings, where at least two people can sit at the same time. The size of the swings relates to Raumlabor swing


Sustainability

Materials

In the middle of the x-shape, there can be red windmills that produce electricity for the cafe.

Rainwater can be harvested from the pier for the gray watercycle in the cafe.

Reused steel can be used for the pier construction.

Reused steel can be used for the urban furniture on the pier.

All the metal parts are red

Some extra rainwater collectors can store the water, to make fountain on a sunny day at the pier.

The pier flooring can be made out of photovoltaic walkable roof, that also produces electricity for the cafe. Everything extra can be given to the concert hall.




What?

Why?

How?

Green path - slow track

A green path over Linnahall that makes a journey from the main entrance stairs to the harbour bath. Green path is elevated from the existing landscape 400mm, to frame the path and give multiple seating opportunities in-between areas.This rather low height difference gives a chance to hop on or off the path when ever you feel like.

• Green path enlivens the gray and dull Linnahall• The structure gives plenty seating possibilities• The path gives new focused views and stopping points• Path brings people closer to the nature

This Layer is laid on top of the existing landscape. The construction is easy to build and easy to remove, if necessary.

• Since green path is laid on top of Linnahall, this layer is designed for disassembly. • All the plants, what are used in the green path, are permanent (perennial plants), so there isn’t any need to replant yearly everything.• The plants used, are traditional seaside and meadow flowers. Those plants are more and more disappearing from the cities and that is why this thesis wants to bring them back to the city.

The Green path goes over Linnahall, creating different tensity spaces and framing chosen views like High Line in New York does.

Impressions

Sustainability


Stipa tenuissima

Miscanthus sinensis‘Morning Light’

Panicum virgatum‘Rehbraun’

Achillea millefolium

Stipa capillata

Molinia caerulea‘Moorhexe’

Phlomis tuberosa‘Amazone’

Allium caesium

Anemone × hybrida ‘Honorine Jobert’

Phalaris arundinacea

Molinia arundinacea‘Karl Foerster’

Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii ‘Goldsturm’

Caeruleum Allium

Deschampsia cespitosa ‘Goldschleier’

Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’

Achillea filipendulina ‘Gold Plate’

Anemone × hybrida

Eryngium giganteum ‘Silver Ghost’

Weatherproof treated wood

Materials



Impressions

Sustainability

What?

Why?

How?

Yellow river - fast track

This yellow river connects the street with the harbour. The Green path and the Yellow river are laid almost parallel, which gives a person a choice to choose the track that feels more pleasent.

The Yellow river ends at the harbour bath, where it meets with the Green path and outcome of their mix is a jumping tower for swimmers.

Yellow river floats over the ice-skating hall’s roof, where it makes a market place.

This layer is for culture and sports. Easy to pass through, without any big interruptions.

• Used materials in this layer are making the ground allmost slippery proof• This layer seals the roof of Linnahall and it is easier to guide rainwater away• Playful yellow brings more life into the gray and dull landscape

All the materials used, are 100% recyclable.

Yellow river has got its main ideas from Superkilen

Yellow covering floats over everything, like in the Urban Lounge in Switzerland

The idea of contradiction between form and material came from F1 track in France.

Reviving Linnahall26

Materials

Standard PolySoft is 8-10mm thick

PolySoft is manufactured using a combination of flexible and durable coloured polyolefin granules and an aliphatic polyurethane binder specifically formulated to meet strict quality guidelines. PolySoft can be applied over various substrates including concrete, rubber and crushed rock.

Polysoft is installed using a combination of flexible and durable colored polyolefin gran-ules and an aliphatic polyurethane binder specifically formulated to meet strict quality guidelines.

•Resistant to degradation and fading, even in the harshest sunlight • Soft, comfortable and safe for bare feet, yet tough and durable• PolySoft will stay cooler underfoot than most surfacing• A high level of slip resistance• Easy to maintain, hygienic and non-toxic• PolySoft particles are 100% recyclable with 40% originating from natural sources.• Comprehensive manufacturer’s warranty • Can be trowelled onto vertical surfaces • High chemical resistance

Reviving Linnahall 27

Construction phases

Phase 1 - harbour bath

Existing fountain pool will be extended and transformed to harbour bath

Phase 4 - Green path

Green path will be built

Phase 2 - indoor

Concert hall will be renovatedand ice rink will be transformed into indoor skating hall

Phase 5 - Yellow river

The path will be made

Phase 3 - Red pier & rooftop cafe

Shortcut will be established and rooftops will be connected

Skating hallConcert hall

Marina

Mul

ti-fu

nction

al

spac

e

Roo

ftop

cafe

Har

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bat

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Phase 6 - Park

Parking lots will be transformed into active (sport/play) and passive (Picnic) park


Plaza

1 3

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Site plan

cafe


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4

Red pier

Yellow river

Green path

Jumping tower Harbour bath

cafe

Shelter

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Elevation 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4


Reflection

Reviving LinnahallUrban magnet at Tallinn harbour

Thesis project is about reviving Linnahall. A building that was built when Estonia was occupied by Russia. It was built for the 22nd Moscow Olympic Games in 1980 and designed by Raine Karp and Riina Altmäe. Linnahall is closed since 2009 due to the bad and hasty construction.

Investigations showed that inside of Linnahall is programmatically working well and therefore this thesis only states that inside needs renovation. This decision led the author of the thesis outside from the building and gave the idea to approach the building as urban landscape.

At first the author of this thesis did not know how to continue with that idea. Some clarity came when the site was limited to outlines of existing building and segmenting of the landscape started. So, by dividing the urban landscape into three bigger areas: ice-skating hall; concert hall; harbour. And by giving every devision one main programmatic goal: market; rooftop cafe; harbour bath, the idea begun.

Next search was about how to combine the programme with each other in an interesting way. Through case studies and by consulting others an idea emerged from OMA’s Parc De La Villette by contrasting different layers. This posed the question what are the layers? After going several times around the building, The author of this thesis continued with the idea of segmenting the building even more. She found three paths that stood out: existing connection from the street to the harbour and back, and new connection between Cultural Kilometre and new harbour development.

Since the building was on the way to connect Cultural Kilometer to the new harbour planning, the best way to solve it, was to make a bridge. With the design, the bride shifted to pier and bridge stayed as a “shadow” under the pier. The existing promenade has beed divided into two and inspiration has beeb derived from Superkilen and High Line park. A twist has been added in those layers, by making the them to swap sides.

Since those two layers (Superkilen and High Line) were on the same level, some contradiction has been added. Superkilen is a man-made environment and

Reviving Linnahall Exit42

Reflection

High Line is organic design in a controlled area. So, a man-made layer has been designed in a really organic inputs and the nature layer with really rigid, but playful system.

Since the existing landscape is quite flat comparing to nearby buildings, the site asked for a design what would catch the eye from futher. Red is noticable and the pier is raised form the landscape. Layer has been named to a Red pier.

Since the red colour is used, other colors are implemented also. Yellow for the ”Superkilen layer” and named to a Yellow river. The layer of nature has been named Green path.

All layers are clearly distinquishable in the site plan and in the site. Red pier’s plan view is a wide brutal stripe what makes the connection between Cultural Kilometer and new harbour development. But actually Red pier makes a spatial x-shape, where the wide stripe from the plan view is divided into two and opposite cornes are lifted up to form the pier.

In contrast to rigid Green path and brutal straight line, Yellow river is organic and playful.

The ridgid Green path weaves over the landscape and meets with the Yellow river twice. At first close to the concert hall entrance and then in the end of the harbour bath. When different layers meet, something happens. Like in front of the concert hall, the Green path is lifted up and formes a roof for a Yellow river. And in the end of harbour layers make a jumping tower for swimmers.When Green path and Red pier meet, a cafe occurs. Cafe is part of the pier design, but has slightly different language than the rest of the pier. And when river meets the pier, a wind & rain shelter occurs with the same design principles.

The master thesis project is a design proposal on an urban scale, that would be really easy to implement.

Exit Reviving Linnahall 43

Existing programme

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RT

HA

L

L

RI

NK

ICE S

EA

PROMENADE

Street Ice-skating hall

PromenadeConcert hall

Marina

ST

RE

ET

P A R K I N G

P A R K I N G

H E L I P O R T

NEW CITY HALL

HARBOUR

HARBOUR


CO

N

CE

RT

HA

L

L

HA

LL SK

A T

ING

HARBOUR

HARBOUR

PROMENADE

Street Skating hall

PromenadeConcert hall

Marina

ST

RE

ET PARK

PARK

ROOFTOPCAFE PARK

PASSIVE

ACTIVEP A R K I N G

MUL

TI-F

UNCT

IONA

LSP

ACE

NEW CITY HALL

SWIM

Mul

ti-fu

nction

al

spac

e

Roo

ftop

cafe

Har

bour

bat

h

New programme with existingChanges in the existing landscape:• Harbour stays, but switches sides• Heliport will be removed• Existing fountain will be transformed into a harbour bath• Ice-skating hall will be transformed into skating hall• There will be new connection throug skating hall• Parking lots will be transformed into active (training/playing) and passive (picnic/sunbathing) park•Promenade will be reconnected with the sea

SE

A


Master CV

Semester 7 - autumn 2012Studio Building Design (Studio 1B)Project Museum/Cafe/LandmarkSite Glatved Gravel Pit at Djurs (Glatved Strandvej 65, Balle)Focus building design / transformation of smth industrial to architectureTutor Niels Martin Larsen

Previous studies from Estonia, Tallinn University of Applied Sciences

Semester 9 - autumn 2013Studio Regenerative ArchitectureProject Ecological billboard (exhibition/cafe/eco store)Site North Side Festival area, AarhusFocus C2C design / regenerative architectureTutor Niels Nygaard + GXN

Semester 8 - spring 2013Studio Building DesignProject New Nordic Kitchen - restaurantSite Mejlgade 37, AarhusFocus Nordic design / local materials /detailsTutor Mo Michelsen Stockholm Krag


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reviving linnahall - book #2 - design

Documents

existing programme

photos of linnahall

design parameters

new programme

social amenities

design strategies

stayingsitting places

successful places