revolutions in russia
DESCRIPTION
Revolutions in Russia. Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Revolutions in Russia
![Page 2: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction The Russian Revolution was like a
firecracker with a very long fuse. The explosion came in 1917, yet the fuse had been burning for nearly a century. The cruel, oppressive rule of most 19th-century czars caused widespread social unrest for decades. Army officers revolted in 1825. Secret revolutionary groups plotted to overthrow the government.
![Page 3: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Czars Resist Change In 1881,
revolutionaries angry over the slow pace of political change assassinated the reform-minded czar, Alexander II. Russia was heading toward a full-scale revolution.
![Page 4: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
End to Reform In 1881,
Alexander III becomes czar and ends the reforms of his father, Alexander II.
Alexander III institutes autocratic rule, suppressing all opposition and decent.
![Page 5: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Czars Continue Autocratic Rule
Government censors written criticism; secret police monitor schools
Non-Russians living in Russia are treated harshly
![Page 6: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
In 1894, Nicholas II becomes czar and continues autocratic ways
![Page 7: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Rapid Industrialization Number of factories doubles between
1863 and 1900, but Russia still lags behind other European countries.
In late 1800s, new plan boosts steel production and a major railway begins
![Page 8: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Revolutionary Movement Grows
Industrialization breeds discontent over working conditions and wages.
Growing popularity of Marxist idea that proletariat (workers) will rule
Bolsheviks—Marxists who favor revolution by a small committed group
![Page 9: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lenin Lenin—Bolshevik
leader—an excellent organizer and inspiring leader
![Page 10: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1905
In 1905, 200,000 workers march on the czar’s palace to demand reforms
The army fires into the crowd, killing many
Massacre leads to widespread unrest; Nicholas if forced to make reforms
![Page 11: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The short lived Duma The Duma,
Russia’s first parliament, meets in 1906
Czar is unwilling to share power, dissolves the Duma after only 10 weeks
![Page 12: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
World War I: The Final Blow Heavy losses in World War I reveal
government’s weakness Nicholas goes to war front; Czarina
Alexandra runs government in his absence
![Page 13: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rasputin Czarina falls under the
influence of Rasputin—a mysterious “holy man”—who she believes has the power to heal her son.
Nobles fear Rasputin’s influence and murder him
Army losing effectiveness; people at home are hungry and unhappy
![Page 14: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The March Revolution
In March 1917, strikes expand; soldiers refuse to fire on workers.
Most of the tension is caused by Nicholas II personally taking command of the military in World War I, and the war going so badly.
![Page 15: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Czar Steps Down March Revolution—protests become
uprising; Nicholas abdicates throne Duma establishes provisional, or
temporary government Soviets—committees of Socialist
revolutionaries—control many cities
![Page 16: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Lenin Returns to Russia In April 1917,
Germans aid Lenin in returning from exile to Russia (pictured in disguise with his goatee shaved and wearing a wig).
![Page 17: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Bolshevik Revolution In November 1917, workers take
control of the government
![Page 18: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bolsheviks in Power Lenin gives land to peasants, puts
workers in control of factories Bolsheviks sign treaty with Germany;
Russia pulls out of World War I
![Page 19: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Civil War Rages in Russia Civil War between Bolsheviks’ Red
Army and loosely allied White Army Red Army wins three-year war that
leaves 14 million dead
![Page 20: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Lenin Restores Order with a New Economic Policy
In March 1921, Lenin launches New Economic Policy; has some capitalism
NEP and peace restore economy shattered by war and revolution
By 1928, Russia’s farms and factories are producing again
![Page 21: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Political Reforms Lenin creates self-governing
republics under national government In 1922, country renamed Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) Communist Party—new name taken
by Bolsheviks from the writings of Marx
![Page 22: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Stalin Becomes Dictator Trotsky and
Stalin compete to replace Lenin after Lenin’s death
Joseph Stalin—cold, hard Communist Party general secretary in 1922
Leon Trotsky
Joseph Stalin
![Page 23: Revolutions in Russia](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162b3550346895dd33c6b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Stalin gains power from 1922 to 1927
Lenin dies in 1924 Stalin gains
complete power in 1928; Trotsky is forced into exile.
Trotsky is murdered in Mexico City in 1940 by an NKVD agent.
Room where Trotsky was murdered (above); Trotsky’s murderer, NKVD agent, Romón Mercader (right).