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Conflict Studies

Dr. Rey Ty

Game Theory vs.

Collective Rationality

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Conflict Studies

2 Schools of

Thought

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Conflict Studies

I.

Game Theory

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What’s in a Name?

Also called Conflict Management

Game Theory

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Game Theory

Win-Win

Lose-Lose

Win-Lose

Lose-Win

Win/Lose-Win/Los

Stalemate

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Conflict Management

Win-Win

Lose-Lose

Win-Lose

Lose-Win

Win/Lose-Win/Lose

Stalemate

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Conflict Management

Win-Win

Lose-Lose

Win-Lose

Lose-Win

Win/Lose-Win/Lose

Stalemate

Metaphors1. Dolphin2. Lion3. Chameleon4. Zebra5. Turtle6. Others

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Conflict Management

Dolphin

Collaboration Win-Win

Turtle

Avoidance

Lose-Lose

Lion

Competition

Win-Lose

Chameleon

Accommodation

Lose-Win

Zebra

Win/Lose-Win/Lose

Compromise

Stalemate

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Conflict Studies

II. Collective

Rationality

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Authors

Kenneth Boulding

AnatolRapoport

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Conflict Studies

No to Game Theory

No to Deterrence

Yes to Collective Rationality

Yes to Trust

Kenneth Boulding

AnatolRapoport

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Anatol Rapoport• “I have seen many research proposals and listened to

long discussions of how hot and cold wars can be ‘gamed’. … By far the most important conflicts that plague the human race do not fit into the two-person zero-sum category at all. … No argument addressed individually to Tosca or to Scarpia will convince either that it is better to keep the bargain than to double-cross the other. Only an argument addressed to both at once has the force. Only collective rationality will keep them to avoid the trap of the double-cross. … At times we must learn the meaning of trust, or else both we and our opponents will invariably lose in games of the Tosca-Scarpia type” (“The Use and Misuse of Game Theory,” Scientific American, Dec. 1962, p. 118).

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Anatol Rapoport• “The theory of deterrence rests squarely on the

assumption that the all-consuming passion of the Enemy is to destroy us and that only the realization of his own vulnerability prevents him from doing so… The zero-sum game assumption is most pronounced in the fact that we attribute to the other preferences for those courses of action which are most devastating to ourselves. The fact that the other does not as a rule carry those actions out is attributed almost exclusively to the effectiveness of deterrence” (A. Rapoport, Strategy and Conscience, pp. 106-7).

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Kenneth Boulding• Boulding wrote that “it is perhaps true

at the moment that game theory operates at a level of abstraction that is a little too high to b immediately fruitful in practical conclusions” (Kenneth E. Boulding, 1962, Conflict and Defense: A General Theory. New York, p. 57).

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Conclusion

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Conflict Studies

1) Game Theory

including Deterrence

2) Collective Rationality including

Trust

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Conflict Studies ApproachGame Theory (Deterrence)

vs. Collective Rationality (Trust)

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Focus

StyleNot Content

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• How does the Conflict Studies

Approach end (a) the physical

violence between the warring

groups & (b) the structural

violence that affect the

people?

Reflection

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