Chapter 8 & 9: The Brewery, Lagers & Ales

History

Grain made into beer before used in bread baking

Primitive peoples derived much of their calories from beer and bread

Washington’s army received 1 qt/day

History Continued

Brewers art came from Pasteur's experiments with yeast.

Sterilizing through pasteurization. Process used 22 years prior to being applied to milk

Egyptians made beer from corn Pilgrims brought ale to America. Staple of the Puritan diet because it was

safer than water

Beer Defined

Generic term for all fermented beverages made from malted grain. Minimum Etoh content of 0.5% and no

maximum

Beer Facts

Average operation carries up to 20 bottled brands and up to 5 tap beers.

45% of all beer sold in U.S. is in a restaurant or bar. Beer consumption in the U.S. in 2010- 220,958,853 gal.

Per capita consumption of 28.9 gal. (based on 21+ population) OH- 31.3 gal. #20 in U.S.

Compared to 2003 beer consumption in the U.S. has dropped 5.5%. Compared to 1990 dropped 16% (35.4 gal)

What are the top 5 beer drinking states and bottom five?

2012 Top 5 Beer Drinking States

New Hampshire- 43 gal/person North Dakota- 42.2 gal/person Montana- 40.6 gal/person South Dakota- 38 gal/person Nevada- 36.5 gal/person

Bottom 5 Beer Drinking States (from Beer Institute)

Utah- 19.4 gal/person Connecticut- 22.1 gal/person New York- 22.6 gal/person New Jersey- 23.1 gal/person Maryland- 24.1 gal/person

How Beers Are Made

Two major classes: Lagers and Ales Lager- Bottom fermented 37-49 F. Stored

(lagered) to mellow for several weeks or months

Ale- Top fermented 50-70 F. Aged for only a few days

First type of beer Britain: Brewing done by female of house

Lager/Ale Taste Profile

Lagers are smoother and thought to be more elegant. Over 80% of market.

Ales are more hearty, full bodied and robust.

Bocks and double bocks are dark and malty beers that are more ale like.

Wheat beers are light in color and dry.

Beer Ingredients

Barley Malt- flavor, head, body and color Water- Main ingredient Hops- bitter flavor

Beer Ingredients

Yeast- fermentation Most brewers use dried or roasted malt.

Cheap beers use malt extract. Roasting affects dryness and sweetness of beer

as well as color

Beer Ingredients Continued

Adjuncts- Rice & Corn. Give beer lighter color and flavor

Premium beers use more barley malt. In Germany adjuncts are prohibited Bavarian Purity Order 1516- barley, water, yeast, hops

Additives may be used to stabilize beer foam, prevent cloudiness, and increase shelf life

Process of Making Beer Hot Water

TankMalt

Mash TunHops

Copper Brewing Kettle Hopback

Heat Exch

Add Yeast to Fermenter

Cask/Keg

Bottling

Process of Making Beer

Mashing malt and hot water Converts starches to sugars Cooked 1-6 hours at 169 F Remaining liquid called wort goes to brew kettle

Brewing Boil wort with hops for 1 to 2.5 hours Cool wort to 50-70 F for ale, 37-49 F for lager

Process of Making Beer Cont.

Fermenting 1 week Less for ales more for lagers CO2 may be collected and stored

Lagering Makes beer more mellow Near freezing temps. For weeks or

months Stainless steel or glass lined tanks

Process of Making Beer Cont.

Lagering Some beers are given additional fermenting wort

(krausening) If not krausened add CO2

Filtered, kegged, bottled, or canned Canned & bottled beers pasteurized Bruised beer- warmed and cooled

Unpasteurized beer must be refrigerated

Video Clip: How Beer is Made

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FttkHVBu2IA&feature=related

Types of Beer- Lagers

Pilsner- Most popular (Bud, Miller, Coors) Original Pilsner- Pilsner Urquell

Light beer- less calories

Types of Beer- Lagers

Malt liquor- higher alcohol content Bock- strong, heavy, dark lager. 4 types of

bock Steam beer Dry beer Ice beer

Types of Beer- Lagers Bock

Types of Bock beer Traditional- Sweet relatively strong (6.3-7.2%),

lightly hopped. Light copper to brown. Good off white head Aroma is malty and toasty. No detectable hops or

fruitiness Taste is rich and toasty with a bit of caramel

Maibock/Helles Bock Lighter in color with more hop presence Flavor is lest malty than traditional bock

drier/hoppier

Types of Beer- Lagers Bock

Types of Bock beer Doppelbock- stronger version of traditional

bock (7-12%) Liquid bread- high in alcohol and sweet Dark gold to dark brown Aroma is intensely malty with toasty notes Brewers add “-ator” to beer’s name

Eisbock- removing ice from partially frozen barrels of beer.

Partial freezing concentrates flavor and alcohol content

Types of Beer- Lagers

Types of Bock beer Eisbock- removing ice from partially frozen

barrels of beer. (9-13%) Partial freezing concentrates flavor and alcohol content Deep copper to dark brown Smooth with significant alcohol but not hot or sharp Rich, sweet flavor with hints of chocolate

Types of Beer- Lagers

Steam beer- higher fermenting temps due to shortage of ice

Dry beer- Less sweet Ice beer

Name originated in Canada Beer is pumped through tank of

ice crystals before filtration. Freezing allowed removal of

compounds creating a smoother beer

Types of Beer- Ales

General characteristics of Ales- fruity flavor, more body and hops flavors.

Cream ale- hop and malt flavor subdued

Light and refreshing- straw to pale golden color Undergo extended period of lagering after primary

fermentation leading to a cleaner flavor Adjuncts used- corn and rice to lighten body and

flavor

Pale ale- copper colored and strong flavored

Types of Beer- Ales

Pale ale- copper colored and strong flavored Yeastier and more hoppy than cream ale Used pale malt. Color is translucent rather than

light. Term started in 1703. Beers made from malts

dried with coke resulting in lighter color.

Types of Beer- Ales

Types of Pale ales Amber ale- brewed with crystal

malt to produce amber color American Pale Ale (APA)- Uses

significant amount of American hops, typically Cascade. Sierra Nevada Pale Ale.

Biere de Garde- “Keeping beer” brewed in Pas-de-Calais region of France

Types of Beer- Ales

Types of Pale ales Burton Pale Ale- Burton upon Trent brewers made

this. Bass Ale. Water influenced by Gypsum. English bitter- Customers used the term to

differentiate these pale ales from other less noticeable hopped beers

Irish red ale- Smithwick’s. Can be used to describe a red beer such as Killian’s which is a lager.

Types of Beer- Ales

Types of Pale ales- Strong pale ales American Strong Ale- 7% or

higher alcohol May be double India Pale Ale

Strong Ale- Brewed in England 5% or higher

Scotch Ale- Originated in Edinburgh. McEwan’s Scotch Ale 8%.

Types of Beer- Ales

India Pale Ale (IPA)- Hearty and hoppy. Super premium British ale. American IPA and Belgian Style

IPA- origin of hops Double IPA- strong and very

hoppy Bitter Ale- Copper colored

high in flavor and low in alcohol

Types of Beer- Ales

Porter- Dark colored style of beer named after street and river porters of London. Brewed with dark malts

Stout- strongest porters 7-8%

Types of Beer- Ales

Types of Stout Dry or Irish- toast or coffee like

taste (Guinness) Imperial Stout- Style brewed in

18th century by Thrale’s brewery in London. 9-10%

Milk Stout- contains lactose. Adds sweetness, body, and calories to the beer.

Oatmeal Stout- up to 30% oats. Too many oats make bitter beer

Types of Beer- Ales

Types of Stout Chocolate Stout- dark

chocolate flavor through use of darker, more aromatic malt. Sometimes have chocolate added to them.

Coffee Stout- Use black patent malt and sometimes coffee.

Oyster Stout- Made with a handful of oysters

Types of Beer- Ales

Wheat Beer (White beer) 60% wheat in malt Fruity tartness and are often laced

with fruit such as cherries or raspberries

Main varieties: weissbier, witbier, and lambic

Types of Beer- Ales

Names and types of Wheat Beer (White beer) Weissbier, short weisse- Used in

southern German state of Bavaria. Weisse is German for white.

Weizenbier, short weizen- German for wheat

Hefeweissbier or hefeweizen- “Hefe” means yeast. Beer is unfiltered and might have sediment.

Types of Beer- Ales

Names and types of Wheat Beer (White beer) Kristallweissbier or

kristalweizein- filtered weissbier

Dunkels weissbier or dunkles weizen- dark wheat beer.

Weizenbock is wheat beer made “Bock” style

Non-Alcoholic Beer

Must be labeled non-alcoholic malt beverage Less than 0.5% alcohol Sometimes called near beer Sharps, O’Douls, Kaliber ½ calories of regular beer

Craft Breweries source: Brewers Association

Growing while large breweries are shrinking

2010 sales volume up 11%, dollar volume up 12% Overall US beer sales down 1% First half 2011 craft brew sales up 15% Import beer sales up 5% 2010 craft beer sales were 4,95 of all beer sales

(9,951,956 barrels) 2010 there were 1,753 craft breweries

Beer and Food Pairings

Amber ale- vinaigrettes

Fruity ales- spicy dishes

Porters, brown ales- beef, game, other meats

Beer and Food Pairings

Lagers- seafood Stout- nutty,

chocolaty desserts

2012 Ten best selling beers by market share source: saveonbrew.com

1 Bud light- 19.2% 2 Budweiser- 12% 3 Miller lite- 8.6% 4 Coors light- 7.8% 5 Natural light- 4.2% 6 Corona extra- 4.0%

2012 Ten best selling beers by market share source: saveonbrew.com

7 Busch- 2.8% 8 Busch light- 2.8% 9 Heineken- 2.4% 10 Miller high life- 2.3%

2011 Ten favorite imports source: statista.com

1 Corona Extra 2 Heineken 3 Corona Light 4 Modelo Especial 5 Stella Artois Lager 6 Tecate

2011 Ten favorite imports source: statista.com

7 Dos Equis XX Lager Especial 8 Newcastle Brown Ale 9 Heineken Premium Light Lager 10 Guinness

2011 Best Selling American Craft Beers source: beervana.blogspot.com

1 Sierra Nevada Pale Ale 2 Sam Adams Boston Lager 3 New Belgium Fat Tire 4 Shiner Bock 5 Widmer Hefeweizen 6 Sierra Nevada Torpedo

2011 Best Selling American Craft Beers source: beervana.blogspot.com

7 Sam Adams Light 8 Redhook IPA 9 Kona Longboard Lager 10 Deschutes Mirror Pond

2010 Best Selling American Craft Styles source: beervana.blogspot.com

1 IPA- 19.4% 2 Pale Ale- 18.0% 3 Amber Ale- 11.5% 4 Amber Lager- 9.9% 5 Wheat- 7.6% 6 Bock- 4.3% 7 Fruit beer- 3.6% 8 Pale lager- 3.4%

2010 Five Largest Microbreweries in America source: metafilter.com

1 Boston Brewing Company, Boston, MA 2 Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, Chico,

CA 3 New Belgium Brewing Company, Fort

Collins, CO 4 Spoetzl Brewery, Shiner, TX 5 Pyramid Breweries, Seattle, WA

Storing and Caring for Beer

Beer has shelf life Canned and bottled 3-4 months Rotate

Storage 40-70 F Unpasteurized beer 36-38 F all times Keep out of sun Store beer upright Untapped draft beer 30-45 days

Quality of Beer

Frozen beer will precipitate solids when frozen and thawed

Proper CO2 pressure 12-15 PSI Don’t store beer with food Beer lines must be cleaned and sanitized Don’t let beer lines dry out

Serving Beer

Glass must be free from oil, lint How to pour a beer

Video Clip: How to Pour a Beer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b88pSBIpL-M

Video Clip: How to Tap a Keg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGAdw2tDWZY

Questions?Rich Neumann (neumann@ohio.edu)