richard fisher 1 the university of texas at dallas project management richard fisher the university...

Richard Fisher1

The University of Texas at Dallas

Project Management

Richard Fisher


Richard Fisher2


Project Management

A PROJECT is a set of tasks (activities) with a definite

beginning and ending point.

Phases– Project Planning

– Project Scheduling

– Project Tracking

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Tasks

Task (Activity) --A work component needed to be accomplished; a task within the overall project that has a definite beginning and ending point. The activity consumes time.

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Work Breakdown Structure(pp 88-89)

Developed before the dependencies are identified

and activity durations are estimated.

List of tasks and duration (work) required for

project

WBS is foundation for project schedule

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Decomposition

Breaking a Task into smaller Tasks or Sub-Tasks

The lowest level tasks are independent, manageable units and can be performed in a reasonable (measurable) amount of time

The project manager is typically responsible for defining all top level tasks

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Decomposition Example

Using Microsoft Word as a decomposition tool

WBS Example

Student setting up their first web page on the UTD

server assignment

Fence Assignment (Individual Assignment 1)

MS Project Assignment (Individual Assignment 2)

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Steps in Project ManagementNetwork Analysis

Task Definition and Decomposition Define Relationships Estimate Task Times Construct Diagram Network Evaluation Project Tracking and Revision

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PM Networks

ACTIVITY (TASK) --A work component needed to be accomplished; a task within the overall project that has a definite beginning and ending point. The activity consumes time.

EVENTS -- Designates the beginning and / or ending of activities. A point in time. Also shows the precedence relationships of the activities.

NETWORK -- A combination of Activities and Events that describe the logic of the project. There is one definite starting and ending point.

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Relationships

Relationships determine task sequencing Finish-to-Start

– Task B cannot start until Task A is finished

– Most common type

Start-to-Start

– Task B cannot start until Task A is started

– A delay is often used in this relationship

A B

A

B

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Relationships

Finish-to-Finish– Task B cannot finish until

Task A is finished

Start-to-Finish– Task B cannot finish

until Task A is started

A

B

A

B

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Precedence Relationships

Task C may not begin until both A and B have been completed.

A and B may occur concurrently and are parallel tasks.B

AC D

BA

CF

D

E

Task D may begin after B is completed. Task E may begin after C is completed.

A-B-D-F and A-C-E-F are parallel paths.

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CPM- Critical Path Method

CRITICAL PATH -- The path through the network consisting of several activities whose total activity times are the longest of any path through the network.

The most pressing, dangerous, risky path through the network. Usually denoted by heavy lines through the activities on the Critical Path.

CRITICAL PATH TIME -- Total time of all activities on the critical path.

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CPM Terminology

EXPECTED TIME of a task (activity)

EARLIEST START -- Earliest time expected to complete all previous tasks.

EARLIEST FINISH = ES + T for a task.

LATEST FINISH -- Latest time a task can finish and still allow the project to finish on time.

LATEST START = LF - T for a task.

SLACK TIME = LS - ES or LF - EF(there is NO slack on the CP)

TES

EFLF

LS

S

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Network Evaluation Steps

1. Construct network diagram showing tasks, relationships and task times using standard format

2. Define the various paths through the network

3. Moving from left-to-right calculate the ES (Earliest Start) and EF (Earliest Finish) time for each task

4. Define Critical Path

5. Moving from right-to-left calculate the LF(Latest Finish) and LS (Latest Start) for each task

6. Note Slack Times

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Sample Laboratory Example

TASK AFTER TASK TIME1 Begin Project 02 Build laboratory - 123 Inspect laboratory 2 34 Install test equipment 2 65 Recruit lab staff - 36 Train lab staff 5 57 Perform pilot sample evaluation 3,4,6 68 End Project 0

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Task (Activity) Diagramming

On the critical path: ES = LS & EF = LF

T

ES EF

LFLS

(Expected Task time)

1. Description of

Task goes here

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Sample Laboratory CMP

1. Beginproject

3.Inspect lab

2. Build lab

4.Install equip

6. Train Staff

5.Recruit staff

7. Pilot

eval

8. End project

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3 3e= 12 15

2 12 l= 15 18 7 6 8. Finish

e= 0 12 e= 18 24 e= 24

l= 0 12 4 6 l= 18 24 l=

e= 12 18

l= 12 18 Paths:

1-2-3-7-8= 21

5 3 6 5 1-2-4-7-8= 24

e= 0 3 e= 3 8 1-5-6-7-8= 14

l= 10 13 l= 13 18

Sample Laboratory CMP

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Gantt Charts

Use Horizontal Bars to represent Tasks on a Horizontal Time Line

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 242 Build 123 Inspect 34 Install 65 Recruit 36 Train 57 Pilot 6

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Gantt Charts

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PERT/CPM Charts

The Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

Critical Path Method (CPM) The distinctions between the two methods

have disappeared over time, and today the technique is called either PERT, CPM, or PERT/CPM

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PERT/CPM Charts

Overview of PERT/CPM– PERT/CPM is called a bottom-up technique

– Project tasks

– Once you know the tasks, their duration, and the order in which they must be performed, you can calculate the time that it will take to complete the project

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PERT/CPM Charts

PERT/CPM Tasks– Task box

– Task ID

– Task name

– Task Duration

– Start Day/Date

– Finish Day/Date

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PERT/CPM Charts

A PERT/CPM Example with Five Tasks

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Web Page Example

TASK AFTER TASK TIMEA Get UNIX Account - 1.1B Set up web directory A 0.7C Learn HTML - 1.1D Design Page - 0.9E Code Page C , D 1.2F FTP Page to Server B , E 0.5

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Project Tracking Tips

Update Project as needed Make sure tasks are broken down enough to

see progress (or lack of progress) Poor “task status” communication often

means poor progress Watch for changes in Critical Path Make sure that there are no “resource

conflicts”

richard fisher 1 the university of texas at dallas project management richard fisher the university...

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