rigging hazard awareness between the trolley hook and the load is rigging ropes, slings, chains...

Rigging Hazard AwarenessRigging Hazard Awareness

Between the trolley hook and the load is Between the trolley hook and the load is

RIGGINGRIGGING

Ropes, Slings, ChainsRopes, Slings, Chains

Slings inspected daily Slings inspected daily

Proper storage when not in useProper storage when not in use

Suitable protection of rigging when in use (items Suitable protection of rigging when in use (items

with sharp corners, etc..)with sharp corners, etc..)

Rules for Rigging SafetyRules for Rigging Safety

Know the weight of the loadKnow the weight of the load

Know the center of gravity of the load.Know the center of gravity of the load.

Make load attachment above the center of Make load attachment above the center of gravity of the load.gravity of the load.

Select hitch that will hold and control.Select hitch that will hold and control.

Know the rated capacity of slings and Know the rated capacity of slings and hardware.hardware.


Select sling best suited for load.Select sling best suited for load.

Inspect all rigging before the lift.Inspect all rigging before the lift.

Protect sling from sharp surfacesProtect sling from sharp surfaces

Proper calculation of increased tension Proper calculation of increased tension caused by sling angles (on all rigging caused by sling angles (on all rigging components!).components!).


Allow for D/d ratio on all wire rope slings.Allow for D/d ratio on all wire rope slings.

Calculate reductions when using choker Calculate reductions when using choker hitch. hitch.

Keep personnel clear from lift area.Keep personnel clear from lift area.

Lift load a few inches then check riggingLift load a few inches then check rigging

Know limitations of all lifting devices used.Know limitations of all lifting devices used.

Lift slowly and stop slowlyLift slowly and stop slowly

Rigging equipment for material Rigging equipment for material handling handling

Rigging equipment inspections (By a Competent Person)– Prior to use on each shift – As necessary during its use to ensure that it is

safe – Defective rigging equipment removed from

service

Not be loaded in excess of its recommended safe working load


Custom design grabs, hooks, clamps, or other lifting accessories, for such units as modular panels, prefabricated structures and similar materials – Marked to indicate the safe working loads– Be proof-tested prior to use to 125 percent of

their rated load


Alloy steel chains Alloy steel chains

Welded alloy steel chain Welded alloy steel chain slingsslings– Permanently affixed Permanently affixed

durable identification durable identification stating stating

SizeSize

GradeGrade

Rated capacityRated capacity

Sling manufacturerSling manufacturer

Rigging equipment for material Rigging equipment for material handlinghandling

Alloy steel chains Alloy steel chains

Job or shop hooks Job or shop hooks and links, or and links, or makeshift fasteners, makeshift fasteners, formed from bolts, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other rods, etc., or other such attachments, such attachments, shall not be usedshall not be used


Four grades:Four grades:– Grade 28 General Utility ChainGrade 28 General Utility Chain– Grade 43 High Test ChainGrade 43 High Test Chain– Grade 70 Binding ChainGrade 70 Binding Chain– Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain: The Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain: The only only one used for one used for

overhead liftingoverhead lifting

G 80


Alloy steel chainsAlloy steel chains

Inspections Inspections – Frequent

Visual examination by the user

Periodic– Complete link by link inspection of the entire sling and all

attachments.– Documented


Alloy steel chainsAlloy steel chains CP inspections made & based onCP inspections made & based on– Frequency of sling use; Frequency of sling use; – Severity of service conditions; Severity of service conditions; – Nature of lifts being made; and Nature of lifts being made; and – Experience gained on the service life of slings Experience gained on the service life of slings

used in similar circumstances.used in similar circumstances.

Such inspections at least once a yearSuch inspections at least once a yearDocumented & availableDocumented & available


Wire rope slingsWire rope slingsProtruding ends of strands in splices on Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles covered or blunted slings and bridles covered or blunted Wire rope shall not be secured by knotsWire rope shall not be secured by knotsExcept for eye splices in the ends of wires Except for eye splices in the ends of wires and for endless rope slings, each wire and for endless rope slings, each wire rope used in hoisting or lowering, or in rope used in hoisting or lowering, or in pulling loads, shall consist of one pulling loads, shall consist of one continuous piece without knot or splice continuous piece without knot or splice


Mechanical Splice


Hand Tucked Eye Splice


Swaged Forged Eye


Mechanical Splice

Illegal Pig Tail


Wire rope slingsWire rope slings

Shall not be shortened with knots or bolts Shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or other makeshift devices. or other makeshift devices.

Legs shall not be kinkedLegs shall not be kinked

Basket hitch shall have the loads balanced Basket hitch shall have the loads balanced to prevent slippageto prevent slippage

Padded or protected from the sharp edges Padded or protected from the sharp edges


Wire rope Wire rope

Hands or fingers shall not be placed Hands or fingers shall not be placed between the sling and its load while the between the sling and its load while the sling is being tightened around the loadsling is being tightened around the load

A sling shall not be pulled from under a A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the slingload when the load is resting on the sling


D

d

D/d Ratio

D - is diameter around which sling is bent.

d - is diameter of the sling.


When U-bolt wire When U-bolt wire rope clips used to rope clips used to form eyesform eyes– U-bolt shall be applied U-bolt shall be applied

so that the "U" section so that the "U" section is in contact with the is in contact with the dead end of the rope dead end of the rope

““Never saddle a dead horse”Never saddle a dead horse”


Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, and Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene). polypropylene). – The employer shall have each synthetic web The employer shall have each synthetic web

sling marked or coded to show sling marked or coded to show Name or trademark of manufacturer Name or trademark of manufacturer

Rated capacities for the type of hitch Rated capacities for the type of hitch

Type of material Type of material

Rated capacity shall not be exceeded Rated capacity shall not be exceeded


Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene) and polypropylene)

Remove from service immediately if: Remove from service immediately if: – Acid or caustic burns Acid or caustic burns – Melting or charring of any Melting or charring of any

part of the sling surface part of the sling surface – Snags, punctures, tears Snags, punctures, tears

or cuts or cuts – Broken or worn stitches Broken or worn stitches – Distortion of fittings Distortion of fittings


Shackles and hooks Shackles and hooks – Manufacturers’ identificationManufacturers’ identification– Never weld on hooks or shacklesNever weld on hooks or shackles– Working safety latch on hooksWorking safety latch on hooks


Recommended Not Recommended

Recommended

Screw Pin Anchor Shackle

Round Pin Anchor Shackle

Bolt Type Anchor Shackle


Never replace a shackle pin with a bolt.

The load will bend the bolt.


Bad Good

Avoid eccentric loads.

GoodBad

Proper chocking of shackles.


Check wear Check cracks, bending and twisting

Check wear and straightness

Pin always seated

Check opening width


Hooks are designed to apply the load at the

bottom of the saddle.

LOAD


Check for Cracks and Twisting

Check for Wear and Cracks

Check for Wear and Deformation

Signs of “Opening Up”

Check that Hook is Not Twisted

15% 10º


Approximately 70%-80% of a straight pull


90° basket hitch is approximately twice the capacity of a straight pull

Note: A good operating practice is to keep sling angles from going below 60 degrees

1000 LBS 1000 LBS 1000 LBS 1000 LBS

50

0 L

BS

50

0 L

BS

577

LBS 577 LB

S70

7 LB

S

707 LBS

1000 LBS 1000 LBS

90 60° 45° 30°

How horizontal angle How horizontal angle affects slings capacity affects slings capacity


Calculating the load on sling legsCalculating the load on sling legs– Divide the total load by the number of sling Divide the total load by the number of sling

legslegs– This quotient is the load on each leg if verticalThis quotient is the load on each leg if vertical– Measure the sling from the load attachment Measure the sling from the load attachment

point, to the point where it connects with the point, to the point where it connects with the hook or lifting device; this is ‘L’hook or lifting device; this is ‘L’

– Measure the vertical height from the top of the Measure the vertical height from the top of the load to the hook or lifting device; this is ‘H’load to the hook or lifting device; this is ‘H’

– Divide the length of the leg by the height of Divide the length of the leg by the height of the slingthe sling

LOAD

LH

Load Number of legs) X (L H) = Load each sling leg

ExampleExample

Load = 120,000 poundsLoad = 120,000 pounds

4 load legs ÷ 120,000 4 load legs ÷ 120,000 equals 30,000 pounds equals 30,000 pounds each leg if vertical hitcheach leg if vertical hitch

Sling legs are 20 feetSling legs are 20 feet

Height from top of load to Height from top of load to lifting device is 15 feetlifting device is 15 feet

20 ÷ 15 = 1.3320 ÷ 15 = 1.33

Load on each leg is 1.33 x Load on each leg is 1.33 x 30,000 = 40,000 pounds30,000 = 40,000 pounds

20'15'

120,000 lb.

Center of GravityCenter of GravityA load is stable when:A load is stable when:– The hook is directly above the center of gravity of The hook is directly above the center of gravity of

the loadthe load

Estimate the center of gravityEstimate the center of gravity

Lift the load just enough to clear the groundLift the load just enough to clear the ground

If the hook is not over the center of gravity the If the hook is not over the center of gravity the hook will travel to the center of gravityhook will travel to the center of gravity

CG?

Center of GravityCenter of GravityIf necessary, set the load down and adjust the If necessary, set the load down and adjust the riggingrigging

If the load tips more than 3°, the rigging should If the load tips more than 3°, the rigging should be adjustedbe adjusted

The longer the sling legs, the more stable the The longer the sling legs, the more stable the load will beload will be

The longer set of sling legs (B) will improve

load stability

B

A

Disposal of waste materials Disposal of waste materials

Materials are dropped more than 20 feet to Materials are dropped more than 20 feet to any point lying outside the exterior walls of any point lying outside the exterior walls of the building the building – enclosed chute enclosed chute

Disposal of waste materialsDisposal of waste materials


Debris dropped through holes in the floor Debris dropped through holes in the floor without the use of chutes without the use of chutes – Completely enclosed with barricades not less Completely enclosed with barricades not less

than 42 inches high than 42 inches high – Not less than 6 feet back from the projected Not less than 6 feet back from the projected

edge of the opening above edge of the opening above – Signs warning of falling materials shall be Signs warning of falling materials shall be

posted at each levelposted at each level– Removal shall not be permitted in this lower Removal shall not be permitted in this lower

area until debris handling ceases abovearea until debris handling ceases above


Scrap lumber, waste material, and rubbishScrap lumber, waste material, and rubbish– Removed from the immediate work area as the work Removed from the immediate work area as the work

progresses. progresses.

Disposal of waste material or debris by burning Disposal of waste material or debris by burning – Comply with local fire regulations Comply with local fire regulations

All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids liquids – Kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed Kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed

from worksitefrom worksite

QuestionsQuestions

rigging hazard awareness between the trolley hook and the load is rigging ropes, slings, chains...

Documents

rigging equipment inspections

rigging safety

rigging components

rated load slide

splice slide

documented slide

rigging hazard awareness

chains slings