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Rik van Hemmen and Kathryn Chaffee, Martin & Ottaway, Inc SNAME Philadelphia, February 18, 2015 Slide 2 Environmentally sound aims to achieve the lowest impact on the environment for a certain system. Sustainable aims to achieve a solution that can continue forever without depleting Earths resources. Engineers could call both concepts system efficiency with regard to energy and Earths resources. www.martinottaway.com Slide 3 Water transport is very efficient High speed water transport is less efficient How efficient can we make water transport? Would it be sustainable? Ferries only make sense if there is water But dont bridges and tunnels carry passengers more efficiently? Micro or Macro efficiency and sustainability www.martinottaway.com Slide 4 Slide 5 1 m/s = 3.6 km/hr, which equals about 2 miles per hour Slide 6 www.martinottaway.com Slide 7 Slide 8 Source: http://www.siferry.com/ Slide 9 www.martinottaway.com Source: Mark Harrison for The Seattle Times Slide 10 www.martinottaway.com Slide 11 To make system efficiency gains, the use of ferries needs to beat other methods of transportation Ferries do not need to beat every part of a transportation system Ferries need to beat overall transportation system efficiencies Lets assume ferries are people transporters People travel to only three places: home, work and recreation www.martinottaway.com Slide 12 No.Transit ScoreCity 181.2New York City 280.5San Francisco 374.8Boston 470.4Washington, D.C. 567Philadelphia 665.3Chicago 757.3Seattle 856.9Baltimore 949.9Los Angeles 1049.6Portland Source: Walk Score Slide 13 www.martinottaway.com Source: Walk Score, FlowingData Slide 14 www.martinottaway.com Source: FlowingData Slide 15 www.martinottaway.com Source: FlowingData Slide 16 Surprisingly many water cities Maybe bringing in water makes sense Today this water is again being populated by ferries Today this water is in progressively more expensive sections of the cities But is it efficient and sustainable? www.martinottaway.com Slide 17 Before 2004 there was just a ditch Make it a river Olympic rowing Drag races And ferries People love ferries From stockyards to stock brokers www.martinottaway.com Slide 18 Slide 19 New York City Seattle Boston Philadelphia San Francisco Norfolk Washington DC Pittsburgh? Oklahoma City Hong Kong Shanghai Rotterdam Amsterdam London Sydney All rich, high-density cities? www.martinottaway.com Slide 20 Source: FlowingData Slide 21 Source: WNYC Slide 22 Source: FlowingData Slide 23 www.martinottaway.com Source: FlowingData Slide 24 www.martinottaway.com Source: FlowingData Slide 25 www.martinottaway.com Slide 26 Slide 27 HOME WORK OLD BRIDGENEW BRIDGE FERRY Slide 28 www.martinottaway.com HOME 1 HOME 2 WORK 1 WORK 2 Slide 29 Present issues Cars on ferries avoid terminal parking lots Cars on ferries reduce public transportation requirements and increase flexibility. Cars are very difficult to carry efficiently on ferries Cars are very inefficient Is there an efficient solution? Get better cars to fit on ferries efficiently www.martinottaway.com Slide 30 MAXITAXI Slide 31 Developed in 2008 Standardized carpool van Web & cellular phone presence GPS technology to dynamically redirect & Uber Low or zero emission technologies GM Hy-Wire designs Powered by battery or hydrogen fuel cell Rechargeable or refillable Automated driving In 2015, we need to include this For parking Five-feet-wide Small turning radius for improved city-driving, etc. Bumpers designed to interlock Handicap-friendly Can be modified for other purposes www.martinottaway.com Slide 32 www.energymeet.org www.autoconcept-reviews.com http://www.adrianchernoff.com/pages/Home.html Slide 33 www.martinottaway.com Weight (Empty)4,000 to 5,000lbs No. of Drivers1individual No. of Passengers7individuals Payload1,500lbs Height6.2ft Length (Overall)14ft Length (Stacked)12ft Width5ft Turning Radius28ft Fuel Efficiency30mpg Top Speed55mph Maximum Range50mi Slide 34 Containerization of passenger vehicles Optimize ferries for MAXITAXI transport What does the trip look like? The Commuting Process Outlying commuter drives car toward terminal En route, driver is directed toward pick-up points Automated driving brings car onto ferry & parks Interlocking bumpers allow improved loading Passengers exit 1 st vehicle During passage, route optimization occurs; riders are reassigned to 2 nd vehicle In evening, process is reversed Outlying commuters take MAXITAXIS home for night (recharge?) www.martinottaway.com Slide 35 Basic assumptions: MAXITAXI loading speed: 10 mph The ferry Single-deck 100-car 800 passengers max 500 passengers typ The trip Short river crossing (1 mi) Max speed: 10 mph Transit time: 10-15 min www.martinottaway.com Slide 36 Approach 1 Double-ended ferry Single-direction flow Loading/Unloading: 3-5 min Most efficient of approaches Approach 2 Single-ended ferry Simultaneous loading & unloading Loading/Unloading: 3-5 min Slide 37 www.martinottaway.com Approach 3 Single-ended ferry Unload cars in reverse Load cars into empty lanes Loading/Unloading: 10-15 min Approach 4 Single-ended ferry Cars load in alternating lines Car doors open to pathways Loading/Unloading: 10-15 min Slide 38 www.martinottaway.com No. 1 Slide 39 www.martinottaway.com HOME 1 HOME 2 WORK 2 WORK 1 WORK 3 PASSENGERS REASSIGNED Slide 40 If you make all cars five-feet-wide, all people transportation becomes more efficient Convoying Higher highway/bridge capacity More efficient parking Inherently higher per-car efficiency An automated driving moderator www.martinottaway.com Slide 41 Slide 42 Slide 43 Slide 44 Slide 45 Slide 46 Dont let enthusiasm for boats be the driver, but it doesnt hurt In many cases, ferries sink other concepts The real answers exist in the macro analysis An inefficient device can result in an efficient system Standardize, but standardize as little as possible Ferries may be the start-up app Ferries may be the killer app In our changing world, the flexibility of ferries is the secret sauce to increasing efficiencies and sustainability We did all of this before with shipping containers www.martinottaway.com Slide 47 For the full story, go to: http://www.martinottaway.com/%5Bmenu-trail-parents-path- raw%5D/maxi-taxi