Madhya Pradesh Darshan- Khargone

Rural Immersion Report

2014

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT INDORE || PGP 2014-16 BATCH

Submitted By: Harshad Sachani 2014PGP131 Hasim C M 2014PGP132 Himangshu Hatimuria 2014PGP133 Himanshu Mehra 2014PGP135 Indranil Chakraborty 2014PGP136 Ishwar Lal Teli 2014PGP138 Rachita Batra 2014PGP278 Ramya V 2014PGP292 Remika Roy Chowdhury 2014PGP299 Richa 2014PGP300 Ritu Bhargarh 2014PGP306 Ritwika Verma 2014PGP307 Roma Mondal 2014PGP310 Roshni Jayaraman 2014PGP312

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We the students of PGP Program of IIM Indore of batch 2014-16 take this opportunity to thank Dr. N M Kothari, District Collector, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh for allowing us to carry out a study of the various government functions at Khargone and their impact on the lives of general public. Along with that we are also thankful to Ms. Shilpa, CEO Zilla Panchayat, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh for providing us all facility to carry out our research work. We are extremely grateful of Mr Niraj Amzare, Nodal Officer, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh for helping us at every step of our stay at Khargone from carrying out the project work to making our stay comfortable. Along with that we would like to thank each and every official who helped us in carrying out the study and spent their valuable time with us. Apart from all above, we would thank IIM Indore for providing this opportunity to carry out the project and specially Professor Saripalli Bhabani Shankar for coordinating all the things and helping us at every step in the program. Above all we would like to thank every individual involved in the Rural Immersion Program

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

This is to certify that this report has been made by the students of IIM Indore PGP 2014-16 as a part of their course requirement for Rural Immersion Program 2014 for Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh. The group consisted of the following students: Harshad Sachani 2014PGP131 Hasim C M 2014PGP132 Himangshu Hatimuria 2014PGP133 Himanshu Mehra 2014PGP135 Indranil Chakraborty 2014PGP136 Ishwar Lal Teli 2014PGP138 Rachita Batra 2014PGP278 Ramya V 2014PGP292 Remika Roy Chowdhury 2014PGP299 Richa 2014PGP300 Ritu Bhargarh 2014PGP306 Ritwika Verma 2014PGP307 Roma Mondal 2014PGP310 Roshni Jayaraman 2014PGP312 The project has been submitted to the concerned authority and it is complete. Dt: 22/11/2014

Nodal Officer Place: Khargone Dist: Khargone

Madhya Pradesh

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................... 2

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION ............................................................................ 3

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 5

Details of the visit ............................................................................................... 5

Chilly Plantation .............................................................................................. 5

Aastha Gram Trust, Khargone ......................................................................... 5

Mid-day-meal .................................................................................................. 5

Indira Awass Yojana & Mukhymantri Awass Yojana ........................................ 7

Watershed Program ........................................................................................ 7

Guava Plantation ............................................................................................. 8

BLOCK PANCHAYAT (KASRAWAD) ................................................................... 9

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ...................................................................... 10

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyaan ................................................................................ 10

Debit card with Samgra ................................................................................. 12

NIC: National Informatics Centre ................................................................... 12

Learning from the entire experience ............................................................. 13

Observations and suggestions ....................................................................... 13

INTRODUCTION

The Government of India started various schemes which are currently under implementation across various states. These schemes aim at ensuring health, residential, food and financial security. Major schemes in this area are: Issue of debit Card with Samgra, Mid-day-meal, Toilets in schools, Indira Awass Yojana.

Details of the visit

Chilly Plantation

The farmers have potential to sell green and red chilies according to prevailing market prices. Red chilies being more profitable are harvested more. Chilly starts growing within 60 days of plantation of a sapling. Initially, green chili grows, which plucked immediately. This is sold in the market for Rs 0-1 per kg in the market. On allowing the green chili to grow, it eventually turns red. This is harvested and allowed to dry under the sun. It is sold in the market for Rs 4 per kilo.

The chili farm that we visited at Nimad Village was of 1 acre (4000 sq. ft.). The farmer has been planting chilly for the past 6 years, as it is more profitable compared to cotton, which was the previous crop that he cultivated. This was due to a lower cost of production for chilly compared to cotton. On this 1 acre land, there were 7,000 chilly plants with 1 plant producing half a kg of chilly on an average per year.

The plantation was infected with white fly virus. The white fly sucks the cell sap from the leaves and weakens the plant. The leaves turn yellow, affecting growth and yield. As a result of this, the size of the chilly decreased and the output per plant decreased. The technical expert from ATMA confirmed that the virus could not be controlled. If one plant was affected, in no time the virus would spread to the entire field as it spreads through the air. According to him the low protein content resulted in decreasing the resistance of the plants to virus. However, the infected could have been prevented by providing essential nutrient to the plants in the beginning.

Aastha Gram Trust, Khargone

This Trust was founded in 1995. It is a non-religious, non-political, non-government voluntary and social organization. Its focus is on six issues – health, education, environment, empowerment, disability and rehabilitation. We got a first-hand view of the inclusive education system at Aastha, where tribal children with special needs and those without, live and learn together. The trust also rehabilitates orphans, abandoned elderly people, Lepers and sexually assaulted women under their program called ‘Aasra’. Aastha, under their program called ‘Health on Rent’ has constructed toilets outside its premises and rents it to the villages at Rs 50 per month.

Mid-day-meal

Mid-day-meal scheme was launched on 15 August 1995. The objectives of this scheme are:

To boost the impact of education by increasing enrollment and retention of students

To improve the nutritional status of students To give economic assistance to poor women

Weekly menu of Mid-day-meal:

Day Weekly Menu

Mon Chapati with pulses and vegetable (potato/green peas & tomato)

Tue Puri/Pulao with Kheer and vegetable (potato/green peas & tomato)

Wed Chapati with mung pulses and rajma

Thu Chapati with pulses and green vegetable

Fri Chapati with mung pulses and green vegetable

Sat Chapati with pulses and rajma

Fund flow of cooking cost

Fund Flow

Govt. of India State Govt.

State Govt

MDM Parishad

Zila Panchayat(9 Blocks)

Self Help Groups/Shala

Management Committee

PS – Rs. 2.17 per

child

MS – Rs. 3.25 per

child

PS – Rs. 0.72 per child

MS – Rs. 1.08 per

child

CALORIE REQUIREMENTS:

Calorie requirement Protein content

Primary school 450 12-15

Middle school 750 20

Midday meal is provided in Government primary and middle schools. The distribution of schools in MP is as shown:

Nature/Category of schools No. of schools

Government 2716

Government aided 4

Rashtriya Bal shram shala 105

Madarsa 22

Observations regarding Implementation of Midday Meal Scheme

A kitchen shed is maintained in every school for preparing the food

There is a toll free number (155-343) which can be used to file any complaint regarding the quality of food

Special meal is served during 15th Aug, 26th Dec and on all Tuesdays

The cooks are paid Rs 1000 per month and this amount is directly credited to their accounts via SMC.

A sample of food is stored with a seal for 24 hours in order to monitor the quality of food in case there are complaints registered for any day

Also Vitamin A & D tablets are distributed amongst the children by the health department.

A national level portal has been designed to monitor the activities of mid day meal scheme and to regulate the discrepancies

In order to make sure that parents are satisfied with the quality of food, a scheme has been arranged where they can visit the school on a reallocated day of the week and taste the food that is being served to the students

Indira Awass Yojana & Mukhymantri Awass Yojana

Went to nearby villages and talked about the scheme, saw the houses built under the scheme. Talked to the villagers, and the extent to which they get support via this scheme.

Watershed Program

A watershed is a geo-hydrological unit, which drains into common point. The watershed approach is a project based, ridge to valley approach for in situ soil and water conservation, afforestation etc. Unit of development will be a watershed area of about 500 hectare each in watershed development projects. However, the actual area of a project may vary keeping in view the geographical location, the size of village etc. The thematic maps generated from satellite data for different themes such as land use/land cover, hydro geo -morphology, soils etc. may be used for selection of a watershed area. The project will primarily aim at treatment of non-forest wastelands and identified drought prone and desert areas.

In Khargone, currently 11 water shed projects worth 74 crores are being implemented. The funding provided by the central Govt. is based on productivity and O/P generation.

Guava Plantation

Nandan fal udhyan – government aided – 139000/hectare given on year 1.

Initial stage – technical sanction and admin sanction. Guava plant given by government and farm or field is owned by farmers plus payment given by government to labor by NREGA

Drip irrigation – farming of grams (leguminous plants) along with guava plantation

Observation – 4 acre land – 200 plants – 30-40 kg guava production/day – 1 lakh / year – plant life = 8-10 years

MULCHING – Tomato plantation (talked to block technical officer, Mohan Patidar)

Use of mulching sheet and drip line for irrigation: 200- 300 % reduction in water—1 and a half to 2 times increase in production—no weed problem—root development increased—sunlight & temperature appropriate—reduced evaporation—nutrients do not get wasted—height & health of tomato plant increased

Observation: 1 hectare land-40 to 92 tons/acre production

Mulching in 1 acre: 10000/- for mulching: 1st time- farmer (1000) and government (9000)

BLOCK PANCHAYAT (KASRAWAD)

Details of block panchayat were told to us in Kasrawad. Block panchayat is also known as Panchayat Samiti. It is a local government body which operates at the “tehsil (taluka) level in India. It operates for the villages of the tehsil, together known as “DEVELOPMENT BLOCK”. There are 9 blocks in Khargone District – Barwaha Block, Bhagwanpura block, Bhikangaon Block, Goganwa Block, Kasrawad Block, Khargone Block, Maheshwar Block, Segaon Block and Ziranya Block. Each of these blocks have a panchayat of their own which overlook the villages in those blocks. Kasrawad block has 83 villages. Each of them have a gram panchayat of their own. The block panchayat is a link between the gram panchayats and the zila parishads, i.e. the “Zila Parishad of Khargone District”.

Composition: It is composed of the elected members of the area and the Block Development Officer, representatives of Scheduled Castes and Tribes andwomen, farmers of the area, representative of the cooperative society and one member from the agricultural marketing services sector and elected members of the panchayat block on the zila parishad.

Tenure: It is elected for 5 years and is headed by a chairman and deputy chairman elected by the members of the panchayat samiti.

Departments: common departments are administration. Public works, agriculture, health, education and women and child development.

Functions: The Panchayat Samiti processes the plans prepared at the gram panchayat level and evaluates them from financial and welfare perspective.

Jan Sunwai: The Panchayat invites grievances from people of the block, which would later be redressed in the Jan Sunwai assembly. Applications can be submitted in black and white or verbally on or before the assembly is held. Scribes are made available for people who could otherwise not register their issues. People may ask questions or register objections to a panel of experts who are the members of the block Panchayat. Several public hearings have been organized to improve the implementation of various social security schemes. Numerous eligible candidates who were previously denied benefits get their requests approved instantly.

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

We were told about the Public Distribution System in Maheshwar as we were taken to a public distribution shop there. It is established by the government of India under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution and managed jointly with the state governments of India. The Central Government is responsible for the procurement of food grains from the farmers at the Minimum Support Price, storage, transportation and bulk allocation of food grains while the State Governments’’ are responsible for distributing them to consumers through the established network of Fair Price Shops, identifying the Above and Below Poverty Line Families, issuance of ration cards and supervision and monitoring of the functioning’s of the Fair Price Shops. Each family below poverty line is eligible for 35kg of rice or wheat every month while a family above poverty line is entitled to 15 kg of food grains every month. Fair Price Shops primarily distribute wheat, rice, sugar and kerosene. The details of the Fair Price Shop in Maheshwar were:

Wheat(Re. 1) : 4kg/person ,Rice(Re. 1): 1kg/ person, Corn(Rs.1): 1kg/person, Kerosene(Rs. 15.77): 5litre/card, Sugar(Rs. 13.50): 1kg/card, Salt(Re. 1): 1kg/card

Wheat: 230.48, Rice: 82.54, Kerosene: 6000, Sugar: 12.08, Salt: 12.08

No. of ration card= 1208, Food collector visits: 2 times/ month, workers(Rs. 13500, Rs. 6500)

The number of Fair Price Shops in Maheshwar are 65.

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyaan

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyaan is a community led total sanitation program initiated by government of India, 1999. The main goal of the sanitation campaign is to eradicate the practise of open defecation by 2017.Villages that achieve this status receive monetary rewards and high publicity under a program called Nirmal gram puraskar. For Khargone, this programme comes under Smart Village programme which includes constructing toilets in every house and maintaining personal and home hygiene. It has two main sub programs under it- Solid waste management and School go program. These programs have been explained below in the context of Nandia village.

Nandia is a small village located at Patera tehsil of Damoh district,Madhya Pradesh with a total of 460 houses. This village has the highest literacy rate in Madhya Pradesh as compared to other villages. As per Constitution of India, Nandia village is administered by Panchayati Raj Sarpanch. The major occupation of people in the village is Farming; around 70% people are small farmers, 10% are big farmers and rest are labourers. The village has pukka roads and it has a main juncture where information about the various government schemes like the beneficiary amount , the name of the members of gram panchayat, the helpline numbers etc. are painted on the walls to maintain transparency with the villagers. There is an animal shed which is developed under the MNREGA scheme in 2013-2014 under Nirmal Gram Panchayat. There are 67 houses in this village that are developed under the Mukhyamantri Grameen Awaas Yojna. There is a sub-hospital and there are 2 types of schools- High school and a private school (up to 8th standard) and both schools are equipped with proper sanitation facilities. The village has shown a great improvement since 2007 in terms of sanitation and drainage. Initially people were apprehensive in using the toilets that were built by the government in their houses because they were superstitious in having toilets in the house and some of them believed that after 2 or 3 years they will have to take out the garbage from the ground themselves. The villagers were also afraid of sending their girl child to the schools because of no separate toilets available to them in the schools. This resulted in high absenteeism and increased dropout rates in schools. Under the Nirmal Bharat Abhayan, several awareness campaigns were raised by the government in order to promote the usage of toilets like a group was formed named “Vanar sena”, which used to keep a tab on people who were defecating in open in spite of toilets being constructed in their houses. These people were then approached and they were made aware of the diseases and the problems that can happen because of open defecation. Several regional poems and slogans were called out to promote the usage of toilets. Now, this has become one of the villages in which every house has a built in toilet and has around 90% underground drainage system. The village has 2 mechanisms for the disposal of household sewage- around 50% use Septic tank systems and other half uses Leach pit tank systems. In the first one, the dung is kept for 3 months and then it gets converted to manure, while in the latter one, dung is mixed with soil and earthworms from soil are used to convert the dung to manure. A septic tank is being shared by 3 to 4 houses in the village. The waste water is recycled and treated and it is also used for watering the fields. A community toilet and a Gram Panchayat Bhawan has been built at the place where people used to dump their garbage and sewage. A training centre has also been constructed to teach people about better sanitation habits. This village has received President’s Award “Nirmal Gram Puraskar” in 2007 under Nirmal Bharat /Swach Bharat Abhayan.

Bakawa

Bakawa in Khargone district is famous for its revered Shivalingas. This village is also under Panchayati Raj Sarpanch system. The Villagers of Bakawa, collect stones and boulders from Narmada river bed and carve them into Shivalingas, the emblem of Shiva. An average manufacturing unit has around 18 to 24 labourers, and their average salary is Rs. 50,000 per year. Each unit has 2 subunits - the sculpturing unit and the polishing unit. Due to the dust that comes off during sculpturing, many labours suffer from breathing disorders like Asthma and Tuberculosis each year. The Shivalingas can be found in thousands of temples throughout India. These Shivalingas are polished stones that are used for decoration and for religious prayers. These Shivalingas are sold across the world on a wholesale basis and a huge margin is earned on the name of reverence. The price is determined on the basis of their size(inches). Recently, an 18ft Shivalinga was sold for Rs. 54 lakhs. The major problems include poor condition of the roads in the villages embanked by Narmada such as RavirKhedi, Sangi, Mardana and Battiyan, the nearest bank is about 15 kms away from Bakawa and people of the village have to travel for about 3 hours to access any of the banking services such as for cash transactions, for obtaining subsidies under MNREGA scheme, for having access to an of the pension schemes by the government etc.

Debit card with Samgra

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: Prime Minister's People Money Scheme

This scheme was started for financial inclusion of Indian citizens, was taken up as a reform for the benefit of the people contributing especially in the primary activities. Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, started inaugurated it on 15th Aug’14 and effective implementation began on 28th Aug’14.

This scheme aims at enrolling all citizens and opening bank accounts for them. The target is to provide universal access to banking facilities' by 26th August’15.The implementation started from all the district offices where the all the banks and financial institutions started dividing the districts into sub-service areas. This model involves only nationalized and grameen banks since they have CBS. Their BC (Business Correspondent) surveys and identifies unbanked households and makes them get a no-frills bank-account with a RuPay debit card and issues a passbook. This model calls for Ultra Small Branch for every 2000 individuals & supports deposits, withdrawals, swapping facility, PoS transactions & a printing facility. They aim to give everyone a life insurance cover of Rs.30000, a temporary overdraft facility of Rs.5000 after six months and RuPay Debit card with inbuilt accident insurance cover of Rs. 1 lakh and RuPay Kisan Card is provided. With the introduction of new technology introduced by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), a person can transfer funds, check balance through a normal phone which was earlier limited only to smart phones so far.

Mobile banking for the poor would be available through National Unified USSD Platform (NUUP) for which all banks and mobile companies have come together. In next phase, micro insurance & pension etc. will also be added and all this is to be completed by 2018. Currently issues faced are education disparity, lack of awareness & communication, technological adaptation, infrastructure setup. This scheme will facilitate paperless currency, time saving , local transaction, embedded security and LIC.

Samagra was started to deliver pensions for the elderly and it helped in elimination of multiple entrie of beneficiaries via online registration and issue of a Samagra id. Subsequently, families and eventually all the households were registered under Samagra. The benefits were extended to scholarships, issue of caste, birth, death certificates where subsidies were automatically issued or terminated as per the status of the individuals, registered under Samagra.

MP government has linked Jan Dhan Yojana with its own unique identity card named as “Samagra”. In Kharagone District, Bank of India is the Lead bank. There are 3 branches of BOI in which cover 3 wards and 45 villages. Many states have duplicated MP’s approach of linking Jan Dhan Yojana with a unique identity card.

NIC: National Informatics Centre

SWAN- PoP

The “NIC- Net” is a recognized network that was established by NIC, in 1976 and in 1989, they shifted to model of VSAT technology. As the data requirement increased over the years, they shifted to a model of OFC, where each district in Madhya Pradesh has a direct lease line of 34-100 Mbps. The main player is BSNL and as a fall back is provided by Powergrid or Railtel. This Nic Net comes under the NKN (National Knowledge Network) of NIC. To develop an integrated connectivity backbone for the state and to connect it to the Nic net, NIC had proposed the development of SWAN (State Wide Area Network). This ensured 2 Mbps OFC PoP (point of presence) connectivity at the Tehsil and Block level.

Elections and NIC’s contribution:

Resource mobilization:Every booth has a team called a polling party which has minimum 4 people: 1 presiding officer and 3 polling officers. The presiding officer is vested with unlimited powers to act in case of violation of code of conduct. Every officer is given trainings, the presiding officer is given two trainings and others are given a single training on how to handle EVMs. There are also sector officers who supervise 10-15 polling booths and keep an hourly update on their conditions, deployment of police officers, ramps for disabled, information on walls about the parties, etc. Based on this qualitative data, service is deployed on the polling booths. Also, tendered voting, randomization of EVMs, etc. are done as a part of the resource mobilization.

On-the spot training and tracking: The polling parties’ manpower is replaced (in case of contingencies) and tracked. This tracking goes on till the time of disbursal of polling party. They are informed to reach a specified booth, whose location is revealed one day before the elections and all their scheduled activities for reaching the polling station are continuously tracked. The further activities such as arrival of polling party, conduction of mock-poll and every two hours update on vote count based on gender is reported by polling party which is tracked by ECI, New Delhi. Deepak sir informed us about successful implementation of Maheshwar by-polls where a SMS-based system was developed. There, all the polling data was captured and it was plotted on Google Maps to give all the election data and local officers to help voters. This system was offered and replicated for by-polls at different locations within Madhya Pradesh and was controlled from Khargone itself.

E-governance

It has played a pivotal role in steering e-governance applications in the governmental departments at national, state and district levels, enabling the improvement in, and a wider transparency of, government services. Virtual Communication has facilitated the collaboration of authorities at various levels of 3-tier. All districts in Madhya Pradesh can connect to “Bhopal Mantralaya” during a VC session.

Learning from the entire experience

The schemes running in rural areas to ensure health, residential, food and financial securities were understood and their learned the impact and benefits of these schemes for the rural population. Major schemes covered in these areas are: Issue of debit Card with Samgra, Mid-day-meal, Toilets in schools and Indira Awass Yojana. Moreover, got to interact with the rural population and learned about their lifestyle, earning media, health & sanitation issues faced, how various schemes have been availed to them & there utilization.

Observations and suggestions

1. Government Scheme have made a huge difference in many villages, one of the best example is village Nandia, which has 67 houses built under “ mukhya mantri awass yojana”

2. Aastha Gram visit was one of the best part of the visit. The social cause taken by Dr. Anuradha and her colleagues is commendable.

3. Visit to village Bakawa, known for making Shivalingas made us interact with the labour population of rural area and how the small scale occupation is creating an employment opportunity for the inhabitants of Bakawa.

4. Condition of Roads in Bakawa, Ravirkhedi, Nagawa, and villages near Narmada Banks is very bad which makes commutation really difficult. Labourers in village Bakawa are facing this difficulty since a long time.

5. Mid-day-meal has proven to be a great success in almost all schools across Khargone.