rise of “humanism” early renaissance - art...
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Early Renaissance
Changing view on life, purpose
Rediscovery of classical art and literature
Rise of “Humanism”
Rise of merchant class = capitalism
Center of the Early Renaissance- rebirth of classical learning, literature and art
“New Athens”- valued their classical heritage Devalued their medieval past
Revived the classical Greek ideal
15th cent- Florence was wealthiest city in Europe
“Beginning of Renaissance”
1401- hundreds of artists submitted commissions for door panels; theme “Sacrifice of Abraham”
Top two: Brunelleschi and Ghiberti
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Invented by Brunelleschi
Geometric method of creating depth on 2-D surface
Significant discoveries in history of Western art
Theory described in book De Pictura (On Painting), by Leon Alberti, 1435.
orthogonals
VPHorizon line
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Wealthiest family in Florence
Humanists
Biggest supporters of arts in Italy
Used imagery to extend fame, influence
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New artistic devices:
Linear perspective,
chiaroscuro,
pyramidal composition
Brunelleschi’s dome
Donatello’s revival of contrapposto
Humanist ideals reflected in artwork
Death of Lorenzo Medici
Rise of Conservative Monk Savonarola
Rome becomes new cultural, economic and artistic center of High Renaissance during the 16th century
1. What were Brunelleschi’s contributions to the techniques used in the Early Renaissance?
2. What is significant about Donatello’s “David”?
3. Describe the significance of the Medici family to the arts during the Early Renaissance.
4. What is the pyramidal composition, why did artists in the 15th century favor it?
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Holland, Nederlands, Germany
North rejects the teachings of Rome (Papal authority)
Individualism in religion- Protestant
Lutheranism grows in Germany
Artists in the north are not viewed as “genius”, viewed as crafts people
Stronger guild system; primary business
Traveling artists created an “International” style
Finely painted details
Colorful costumes
Professions of people
Manuscript tradition-Gothic style
Oil paint: Makes painting glow, portable images, altar pieces, accessible to everyone
Meticulous detail, elegant—NOT realistic Gothic style of decoration, stained glass
Secular imagery, landscapes, portraits, genre scenes (Protestant rejection of idolatry)
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1517- Martin Luther nailed criticisms of Roman Church to church in Wittenberg, Germany Bible was true word of God Pope= Antichrist People should have direct connection to Bible/Christ
Many Germans agreed with Martin Luther Ex. Masses conducted in German vs. Latin
Christians were spilt into Catholics or Protestants
Encouraged the denominations Calvinism Church of Englan
Calvinism shunned displays of wealth also forbid idolatry
Northern artists displayed teaching of Martin Luther in artwork
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Northern Renaissance style:
Detailed naturalism
Hidden symbolism
Use of oil
Human forms not “classical”
Impact of Protestant Reformation Genre painting
Portraits
What are the stylistic tendencies of the Northern Renaissance?
Why was oil the favored medium of Northern artists?
Discuss the medieval qualities and Italian Renaissance elements of the work by: Jan van Eyck Albrecht Durer Pieter Bruegel the Elder