The Significancy and the Future of The Significancy and the Future of Interdisciplinary Research Interdisciplinary Research

(in Indonesia)(in Indonesia)

Damona K. Poespawardaja & Sugiharso SafuanDamona K. Poespawardaja & Sugiharso Safuan

Indostaff for InBarIndostaff for InBar

Jakarta, Harris Hotel, 9 September 2006Jakarta, Harris Hotel, 9 September 2006

RISET INTERDISIPLINRISET INTERDISIPLIN

…”…”We are not students of some subject matter, but student We are not students of some subject matter, but student of problems. And problems may cut right across the of problems. And problems may cut right across the borders of any subject matter or discipline…” (Karl borders of any subject matter or discipline…” (Karl Popper, 1963)Popper, 1963)

Pengertian:Pengertian:

Penelitian yang melibatkan lebih dari dua disiplin keilmuanPenelitian yang melibatkan lebih dari dua disiplin keilmuan. .

Mengapa RISET INTERDISIPLIN pentingMengapa RISET INTERDISIPLIN penting? ?

Pertanyaan penelitian tidak cukup dijawab dengan hanya Pertanyaan penelitian tidak cukup dijawab dengan hanya menggunakan satu disiplin keilmuanmenggunakan satu disiplin keilmuan..

RISET INTERDISIPLINRISET INTERDISIPLIN Dinamika masyarakat terus berkembang yang ditandai Dinamika masyarakat terus berkembang yang ditandai

dari perubahan dari berbagai aspek kehidupan, misalnya dari perubahan dari berbagai aspek kehidupan, misalnya dalam hal berkonsumsi,komunikasi, perubahan cara dalam hal berkonsumsi,komunikasi, perubahan cara pandang, perubahan sikap/perilaku terhadap fenomena pandang, perubahan sikap/perilaku terhadap fenomena yang ada di masyarakat.yang ada di masyarakat.

Berkembangnya teknologi yang memungkinkan Berkembangnya teknologi yang memungkinkan dilakukakan riset interdisiplin.dilakukakan riset interdisiplin.

Perkembangan metodologi penelitian memungkinkan Perkembangan metodologi penelitian memungkinkan melakukan penelitian lintas disiplin ilmumelakukan penelitian lintas disiplin ilmu

Keinginan peneliti atau pembuat kebijakan untuk Keinginan peneliti atau pembuat kebijakan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang komplit dari suatu memperoleh gambaran yang komplit dari suatu persoalan penelitianpersoalan penelitian

Riset InterdisiplinRiset Interdisiplin

Perkembangan pengetahuan manusia telah Perkembangan pengetahuan manusia telah mengakibatkan fragmentasinya sendiri menjadi disiplin-mengakibatkan fragmentasinya sendiri menjadi disiplin-disiplin yang sangat terspesialisasi;disiplin yang sangat terspesialisasi;

Para (super) spesialis yang merasa mempunyai Para (super) spesialis yang merasa mempunyai kepentingan sendiri dengan “curiga” melindungi dunia kepentingan sendiri dengan “curiga” melindungi dunia mereka dari campur tangan orang lain.mereka dari campur tangan orang lain.

Mengakibatkan isolasi disiplin tertentu yg tidak dapat Mengakibatkan isolasi disiplin tertentu yg tidak dapat memecahkan masalah yg berkembang cepat dengan memecahkan masalah yg berkembang cepat dengan hanya satu disiplin ilmu.hanya satu disiplin ilmu.

Perkembangan keahlian “mengkomunikasikan gagasan Perkembangan keahlian “mengkomunikasikan gagasan dan hasil riset mono-disiplin” menuntut kognisi dan dan hasil riset mono-disiplin” menuntut kognisi dan artikulasi tingkat lintas-pengetahuan pribadi; artikulasi tingkat lintas-pengetahuan pribadi;

Pada gilirannya dirasakan perlunya keterlibatan penuh Pada gilirannya dirasakan perlunya keterlibatan penuh melakukan riset secara inter / lintas disiplinmelakukan riset secara inter / lintas disiplin..

Convocation QuoteConvocation Quote

Interdisciplinary research by definition Interdisciplinary research by definition requires the researchers to learn the requires the researchers to learn the other discipline. I like to stress other discipline. I like to stress vocabulary, but also methodology; I vocabulary, but also methodology; I feel very strongly about it.feel very strongly about it.

Ruzena Bajcsy, director of the Center for Ruzena Bajcsy, director of the Center for

Information Technology Research in the Interest of Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society, University of California Berkeley,Society, University of California Berkeley,

Key Conditions for Successful IDR at Key Conditions for Successful IDR at Academic InstitutionsAcademic Institutions

At the heart is communication: At the heart is communication: “ “the conversations, connections, and combinations the conversations, connections, and combinations

that bring new insights to virtually every kind of that bring new insights to virtually every kind of scientist and engineer”.scientist and engineer”.

Aspect Key ConditionsAspect Key Conditions Initial Stages: - Common problem(s) to solveInitial Stages: - Common problem(s) to solve Building bridges - LeadershipBuilding bridges - Leadership - Environment that encourages faculty/- Environment that encourages faculty/ researcher collaborationresearcher collaboration - Establishing a team philosophy- Establishing a team philosophy - Seed / glue money- Seed / glue money

Key Conditions…Key Conditions…

Aspects Key ConditionsAspects Key Conditions

Building Bridges - Seminar to foster bridges between Building Bridges - Seminar to foster bridges between

students, post doc. Scholars, and students, post doc. Scholars, and

PIs at the same Institution.PIs at the same Institution.

- WS to foster bridges between - WS to foster bridges between

investigators at different institutionsinvestigators at different institutions

- Frequent meeting among team - Frequent meeting among team

membersmembers

- Think of the end at the beginning- Think of the end at the beginning

Key Conditions….Key Conditions….

Supporting - Science and engineering PhDs trained inSupporting - Science and engineering PhDs trained in

the Project research administrationthe Project research administration

- Support project initiation and team - Support project initiation and team

buildingbuilding

- Seamless and flexible funding- Seamless and flexible funding

- Willingness to take risks- Willingness to take risks

- Recognize potential for high impact- Recognize potential for high impact

- Involvement of funding- Involvement of funding organization organization

Key Conditions…Key Conditions…

Facilities - Physical co-location of Facilities - Physical co-location of

researchersresearchers

- Shared instrumentation- Shared instrumentation

- Enhance chance meetings - Enhance chance meetings

between researchers, such asbetween researchers, such as

on-site cafetariason-site cafetarias

Key Conditions…..Key Conditions…..

Organization/ - Matrix organizationOrganization/ - Matrix organization

Administration - Rewards for academic Administration - Rewards for academic

leaders who foster IDRleaders who foster IDR

- Tenure/promotion policies- Tenure/promotion policies

for ID workfor ID work

- Utilize experts with breadth- Utilize experts with breadth

and IDR experiences forand IDR experiences for

assessmentassessment

- Professional recognition- Professional recognition

of successful practitioners ofof successful practitioners of

IDR.IDR.

Elemen Elemen Penting dalam Elemen Elemen Penting dalam Riset MultidisiplinRiset Multidisiplin

Non- substance :Non- substance :Lack of trust: trust is rarely placedLack of trustfulness and

trustworthinessExperiences in terms of abused trust

Elemen Elemen Penting dalam Elemen Elemen Penting dalam Riset MultidisiplinRiset Multidisiplin

Lack of a win-win-conceptionCross-cultural Communication

patternsPersonnel training

Elemen-Elemen dalam Riset Elemen-Elemen dalam Riset MultidisiplinMultidisiplin

Substance:

Methodology: qualitative and/or

quantitative

TRUST AND PARTNERSHIPTRUST AND PARTNERSHIP

-Research as a basic part of scientific cooperation

-Differences in understanding research activities in

different cultural settings

-Research Management & Knowledge Management

TRUST AND PARTNERSHIPTRUST AND PARTNERSHIP

-Scientific work and entrepreneurship

-Researchers as entrepreneurs

-Entrepreneurship universities

TRUST AND PARTNERSHIPTRUST AND PARTNERSHIP

-Differences in organizational settings

-Taxonomy and differences in research activities

Convocation QuoteConvocation Quote

If you think of disciplines as organs, If you think of disciplines as organs, true interdisciplinary is something like true interdisciplinary is something like blood. It flows. It is a liquid. It is not blood. It flows. It is a liquid. It is not contained. There is no inside and contained. There is no inside and outside…outside…

( ( Alice Gottlieb, professor of medicine and Alice Gottlieb, professor of medicine and director, Clinical Research Center at the Robert director, Clinical Research Center at the Robert Wood Jonson Medical School)Wood Jonson Medical School)

Contoh KasusContoh Kasus

1. Kasus pertama : Interdisciplinary Studies on the Effect of Kali Angke Cleaning. Kolaborasi riset

antara Tzu Chi Unviersity Taiwan dengan Universitas Indonesia

2. Tujuan Studi : mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang meningkatkan kualitas air di sungai Angke (Kerjasama antara Universitas Tzu Chi (Taiwan) dan Universitas Indonesia (2006)

Masalah dalam penyelenggaran Riset Multidisiplin:

Clarity of the goal of the project Research Management Mission Coordinator Call meeting Combining ideas of participants Writing comprehensive proposal Executing program

Masalah dalam penyelenggaran Riset Multidisiplin:

Areas of research :Versi Universitas Tzu Chi health, physical environmental, mental health religion education inter ethnic

Versi Universitas Indonesia health physical environmental physical health social psychology :Inter ethnic and religion,education and welfare legal

Masalah dalam penyelenggaraan Riset Multidisiplin

Research Management:

Organisasi manajemen riset : Harus ada headquater (kantor pusat) Komandan atau PI Hubungan dengan pihak-pihak terkait Stake Holders perlu diajak

Masalah dalam penyelenggaran Riset

Multidisiplin

Research Management:

Non substansi : Fasilitas Ijin-ijin Anggaran2 Overhead fee Sekretaris

Masalah dalam penyelenggaran Riset Multidisiplin:

Research Management:

Longitudinal Durasi : 10 year …sampai bersih dan ada

check point in every 5 years Maintenance Budget Predicted behavior shaping and changing

(social psychology)

Kasus - kasusKasus - kasus

Teknologi Kendali Pencemaran Lingkungan Teknologi Kendali Pencemaran Lingkungan karena Limbah Tambang Freeport.karena Limbah Tambang Freeport.

““Social Support System” dalam Masyarakat Social Support System” dalam Masyarakat untuk Pengembangan Pendidikan Tinggi di untuk Pengembangan Pendidikan Tinggi di Indonesia.Indonesia.

Pengelolaan PT dan Akuntabilitas Sosial Pengelolaan PT dan Akuntabilitas Sosial Kelompok Intelektual Bangsa iniKelompok Intelektual Bangsa ini

Pasca “Musibah Lumpur” Lapindo Brantas: Pasca “Musibah Lumpur” Lapindo Brantas: Posisi Kesejahteraan dan Harapan Hidup bagi Posisi Kesejahteraan dan Harapan Hidup bagi Rakyat Kebanyakan.Rakyat Kebanyakan.

Topik ke lima: ……………………………….?Topik ke lima: ……………………………….?