Risks of zoonotic diseases associated with the ongoing pandemic COVID-19

andRole of Veterinarians in Building

Resilience for Livestock

Gujarat Institute of Disaster ManagementB/H. PDPU, Koba- Gandhinagar Highway

Village - Raisan, Dist. GandhinagarPh. 079-23275804/www.gidm.gujarat.gov.in

Epidemics

Pandemics

Epizootics

Pest

Insect infestation

Animal Incidents

Pollution

BIOLOGICAL DISASTER

Biological disasters are scenarios involving disease, disability or death on a large scale among humans, animals

and plants due to toxins or disease caused by live organisms or their products. Such disasters may be natural in

the form of epidemics or pandemics of existing, emerging or reemerging diseases and pestilences or man-

made by the intentional use of disease causing agents in Biological Warfare (BW) operations or incidents of

Bioterrorism (BT).

The International Health Regulations, or IHR (2005), represent an

agreement between 196 countries including all WHO Member States to

work together for global health security.

Through IHR, countries have agreed to build their capacities to

detect, assess and report public health events.

IHR also includes specific measures at ports, airports and ground

crossings to limit the spread of health risks to neighboring

countries, and to prevent unwarranted travel and trade

restrictions so that traffic and trade disruption is kept to a

minimum.

The entry into force of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR (2005)) on 15 June 2007 is a public

health landmark for the World Health Organization (WHO) and its Member States.

International Health Regulations

Zoonotic Disease

Food

Fiber

Job

Travel

Sport

Companion

Education

Research

Zoonotic Disease

Other risks!!!!

Zoonotic Disease

Transmission of Infectious Disease

COVID -19

HIV

EBOLA

Monkey pox

KFD

ZIKA

NIPHA HENDRA

COVID -19

HIGH PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA

Chapter I: General Preparedness against avian influenzaChapter II: Steps to be undertaken in Case of Suspicion of Avian influenza Outbreak Chapter III: Action Plan to deal with Confirmed Outbreak of AIChapter IV: Post Operation Surveillance and Freedom from Disease Chapter V: Education Campaign on General Awareness and Biosecurity Measures on Avian Influenza Outbreaks

Addendum: Guidelines for zoological parks

Avian Influenza : Ahmedabad -2017

DATE: 31/12/16

PLACE: ASHA FOUNDATION

During first visit to Asha Foundation (Epicenter). Rapid chromatographic assay was performed this day, and was found positive for Avian Influenza Virus

RAPID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF AVI

DATE: 31/12/16

PLACE: ASHA FOUNDATION

SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITY IN THE HIGH ALERT ZONE (UPTO 10 KM AREA OUTSIDE INFECTED ZONE BY FMD TYPING SCHEME, AHMEDABAD)

SAMPLE COLLECTION ACTIVITY IN THE HIGH ALERT ZONE (UPTO 10 KM AREA OUTSIDE INFECTED ZONE BY FMD TYPING SCHEME, AHMEDABAD)

SAMPLE COLLECTION ACTIVITY IN THE INFECTED ZONE, ASHA FOUNDATION

SAMPLE COLLECTION ACTIVITY IN THE INFECTED ZONE, ASHA FOUNDATION

SAMPLE COLLECTION ACTIVITY IN THE INFECTED ZONE, ASHA FOUNDATION

DISPOSAL OF INFECTED MATERIAL AND DEAD BIRDS AT ASHA FOUNDATION, HATHIJAN

DISPOSAL PROCESS OF DEAD BIRDS AT ASHA FOUNDATION, HATHIJAN

DISPOSAL PROCESS OF DEAD BIRDS AT ASHA FOUNDATION, HATHIJAN

DISPOSAL PROCESS OF DEAD BIRDS AT ASHA FOUNDATION, HATHIJAN

DISPOSAL PROCESS OF DEAD BIRDS AT ASHA FOUNDATION, HATHIJAN

DISPOSAL PROCESS OF DEAD BIRDS AT ASHA FOUNDATION, HATHIJAN

DISINFECTION OF INFECTED PREMISES, ASHA FOUNDATION, HATHIJAN

ASHA FOUNDATION, HATHIJANDISINFECTION OF INFECTED PREMISES,

DISPOSAL OF INFECTED MATERIAL AND DEAD BIRDS IN DEEP PITS AND COVERING IT WITH CALCIUM HYDROIXDE

DISPOSAL OF INFECTED MATERIAL AND DEAD BIRDS IN DEEP PITS AND COVERING IT WITH CALCIUM HYDROIXDE

DISPOSAL OF INFECTED MATERIAL AND DEAD BIRDS IN DEEP PITS AND COVERING IT WITH CALCIUM HYDROIXDE

Materials likely to be contaminated buried in a deep pit.

Taking care of other animal

Taking care of other animal

Flam gun application in housing

Flam gun application in housing

Flam gun application in housing

ASHA FOUNDATION, HATHIJAN DISINFECTION OF INFECTED PREMISES,

“Chuno” sprinkling

“Chuno” sprinkling

“Chuno” sprinkling

Emu birds Shed after “Chuno” sprinkling

Health Check up During Quarantine

Avian Influenza - a moving pandemic threat

57

HPAI Situation (Jan 2005 - Dec 2018)

Avian influenza H5Nx outbreaks and Rearing system

Country Poultry Crow/other Zoo LBM Total outbreaks

Afghanistan 25 1 (Rook) - - 26

Bangladesh 555 3 - - 558

Bhutan 23 23

India 157 22(1 pond heron) 6 - 185

Myanmar 128 1 129

Nepal 236 3 1 - 240

Pakistan 45 1 5 51

Sri Lanka 1 - - - 1

Grand Total 1213

Why HPAI is Still A ThreatAvian Influenza A (H7N9) – A Flight Risk???

Flight routes from the outbreak regions would quickly carry any human-transmissible virus to huge population centers in Europe, North America and Asia. Estimated numbers of people residing within two hours' travel time of destination airport calculated using gridded population-density maps and a data set of global travel times. Map supplied by A. J. Tatem, Z. Huang and S. I. Hay (2013). Unpublished data. (A.J.T., University of Southampton, UK; Z.H., University of Florida, Gainesville; S.I.H., University

of Oxford, UK.) Cases have been imported from China (Canada-2, Hong Kong-13, Malaysia-1 and Taiwan-4)

As of June 05, 2019: 1,568 human infections (616 deaths) of HPAI H7N9 with pandemic potential have been reported to World Health Organization (WHO). Live bird markets remain the main source of the virus spreading among poultry, and from poultry to humans.

Since the last update (08 May 2019), no H7N9 outbreak or H7N9 positive animal or environment findings were reported. 61

Why HPAI is Still A Threat - Avian Influenza A (H7N9)

Control Measures

Hazard Risk Vulnerability Assessment (HRVA)

- State Level Zoonotic Committee

-District Level Zoonotic Committee

-Inter-sectoral Co-ordination

Disease Surveillance

Bio-security

Stamping out

Mass Vaccination

- NADCP

- PPR CP

Inter Sectoral Coordination

Inter Sectoral Coordination

Disease Surveillance

Avian Influenza Surveillance

B.S.E. Surveillance

Glanders Surveillance

Rabies Surveillance

Brucellosis surveillance

Salmonella Surveillance

Bovine TB Surveillance

JD Surveillance

FMD Surveillance

PPR Surveillance

Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance

Bio-security

Biosecurity is set of measures aimed at preventingthe introduction and/or spread ofharmful organisms, in order to minimise the riskof transmission of infectious diseases to people,animals and plants caused by viruses, bacteria orother microorganisms.

ફાર્મર્ાાં પરુતા પ્રર્ાણર્ાાં વેનટીલેશન (હવાની અવાર-જવર) હોવી જરૂરી છે

રોગ નનયાંત્રણ ર્ાટે ફાર્મર્ાાં સ્વચ્છતા હોવી જરૂરી છે અને ફાર્મને નનયનર્તપણે ચનુાથી ધોળાવવુાં જોઈએ

ફાર્મર્ાાં પ્રવેશદ્રાર પાસે મલુાકાતીઓનો પ્રવેશ નનયાંત્રણ કરવા ર્ાટે ચેતવણીનુાં બોર્મ મકુવુાં

ફાર્મર્ાાં પ્રવેશદ્રાર પાસે મલુાકાતીઓનો પ્રવેશ નનયાંત્રણ કરવા ર્ાટે ચેતવણીનુાં બોર્મ મકુવુાં

ફાર્મર્ાાં પ્રવેશદ્રાર પાસે બાયોસીક્યરુરટીની ચેતવણીનુાં બોર્મ મકુવુાં

ફાર્મર્ાાં પ્રવેશદ્રાર પાસે બાયોસીક્યરુરટીની ચેતવણીનુાં બોર્મ મકુવુાં

ફાર્મર્ાાં કમ્પાઉન્ર્ રિવાલ અને પ્રવેશદ્રાર બનાવવુાં જેથી અન્ય પશુ અને વાહનો અને મલુાકતીઓનાાં પ્રવેશ પર નનયાંત્રણ થઇ શકે

ફાર્મર્ાાં પ્રવેશદ્રાર પાસે ટાયર ર્ીપ બનાવવુાં જેથી વાહનોનાાં દ્વારા ફેલાતા રોગ ઉપર નનયાંત્રણ થાય

ફાર્મર્ાાં પ્રવેશદ્રાર પાસે ફૂટ ર્ીપ બનાવવુાં જેથી પગરખા-ચપ્પલ દ્વારા ફેલાતા રોગ ઉપર નનયાંત્રણથાય

Stamping out

Mass Vaccination

Role and Responsibility of Different Stack Holder

CCHF

Intaersectoral co-ordination is

very well established in CCHF

Samples are regularly submitted

to NIV, Pune and NISAD, Bhopal

and DRDO for the same.

A state-wide animal Surveillance

programme is conducted

Ani.

Hus.

Ani.

Hus.Health

Admin.Health

Thank You