rizal conference 2010 deguzman database use 102210...

ow low unpopular is the popular?is the popular?

ce

Measuring use patterns of online journals and databases Co

nferen

c

among Filipino university students

rnational C

Allan B. de Guzman, Ph.D.University of Santo Tomas * The Philippines

bd @ l t d hRizal Inter

[email protected]

4th

Reality Reality

REALITY # 1 REALITY # 1

The introduction of the INTERNET i 1991 hINTERNET in 1991 has revolutionized the way ylibrary services are planned and deliveredplanned and delivered.

REALITY # 2REALITY # 2

Not all libraries in the Philippines have onlinehave online databases.databases.


The so‐called digital divide is evident in library andlibrary and information science practice.


While databases areWhile databases are being integrated in the overall library service platformservice platform, their maximum effective use remains a research imperativea research imperative

REALITY # 5REALITY # 5Whether we like it orWhether we like it or not, there are

d l i hunderlying reasons that explain why databases p yremain unpopular despite its popularitydespite its popularity.

QUESTIONQUESTIONWhat is the main f blfocus or variableof thisof this investigation?investigation?

THE INTERNETTHE INTERNET

“The religion of today’s communication

exchange ”exchange.”(A. de Guzman, 2010)(A. de Guzman, 2010)

E‐mailing Reading electronic PURPOSE P t d t t d lclassmates

Di i

databases

Att di li

PURPOSE: Present and test a modelthat describes online database use of

Discussion Forum/List Server

Attending online seminar/webinaruniversity students in the Philippines

INTERNET

Reading e‐mail alerts

Reading online booksINTERNET

SEEKING BEHAVIOR

Scanning citation Accessing online BEHAVIORand bibliography

Searching

library catalogue

Accessinggelectronic databases

Accessing multimedia information

CENTRAL QUESTIONCENTRAL QUESTIONWhat is the main

f hargument of this in estigation?investigation?

PHYSICAL LOCATION LIBRARY USE LOCATION

FREQUENCY

PROFILE

MODESCOMPUTER & INTERNET USE

PROFILE

INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT

AWARENESS

CHANNELS

AWARENESS & ACTION CHANNELS

PROFILE

INTERNET

PROFILE

IMPEDIMENTS

INTERNET SEEKING BEHAVIOR

FORMAT

INTERNET

DISCIPLINAL PROFILE

RATIONALE SELF EFFICACY

METHODMETHOD

DesignDesign ExploratoryExploratory

METHODMETHOD

DesignDesign ExploratoryExploratory

LociLoci The University of Santo The University of Santo && AA iiTomas & Tomas & AteneoAteneo de Manila de Manila

UniversityUniversityRespondentsRespondents Undergraduate (n=800)Undergraduate (n=800)

Graduate (n=177)Graduate (n=177)( )( )Sampling Sampling DesignDesign

RandomRandomDesignDesign

Table 1DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS ( 977)

AGE N PERCENT (%)

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS (n=977)

14 ‐ 20 721 73.6%21 ‐ 30 156 15.8%

%31 ‐ 40 33 3.3%

41 ‐ 50 2.5 2.5%

51 60 3 3%51 ‐ 60 3 .3%

61 ‐ 65 2 .2%

GENDERGENDER

MALE 331 33.9%

FEMALE 618 63.3%FEMALE 618 63.3%

Table 1Table 1DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS (n=977)

NATIONALITYFILIPINO 915 93.7%

FOREIGNER 34 3.5%CIVIL STATUSCIVIL STATUS

SINGLE 905 92.6%MARRIED 43 4 4%MARRIED 43 4.4%

Table 1

DISCIPLINE

Table 1DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS (n=977)

DISCIPLINE

BS/AB 800 81.9%

MASTER 140 14 3%MASTER 140 14.3%

Ph.D/Ed.D 37 3.8%

FIELD OF STUDYFIELD OF STUDY

HARD SCIENCE 280 28.7%

SOFT SCIENCE 593 60.7%

2010 Top 200 Universities in Asia

Philippine universities that have made significant improvements in their ranking

Rank 1 UP Rank 2 AteneoRank 3 DLSU Rank 4 USTRank 3 DLSU Rank 4 UST

F 84 tAmong the 2053 HEIs

From 84 to 58

in the Philippines

Ateneo de Manila

University

From 144 to 101101

Rank 101University ofUniversity of Santo Tomas

STRUCTURAL EQUATION WHAT MAKES THIS PAPER INTERESTING?STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (SEM)MODELLING (SEM)

Pinpoints exactly the Present and test a modelh d ib li

Pinpoints exactly the relationship between and that describes online database use of universityrelationship between and

among variablesdatabase use of university students

among variables

QUESTIONQUESTIONHow do the

respondents assessrespondents assess their university’s yonline database pro ision?provision?

LIBARARY DATABASE ASSESSMENT

60

Graduate Student s= VG

Undergraduate Students= G

40

50

30

40

GRADUATE STUDENT

10

20 UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT

Fig 1a: Online0

10

POOR FAIR GOOD VERY

Fig. 1a: Online Database Assessment

POOR FAIR GOOD VERY GOOD

LIBRARY DATABASE ASSESSMENT

60

U/Graduate Student s=

40

50

Fig. 1b: Useful

Most of the time

20

30

GRADUATE STUDENT

Fig. 1b: Useful Information Found

0


How useful are theHow useful are the information found in your university’sin your university s

database?

QUESTIONQUESTIONWhat characterizes the

respondents’ libraryrespondents library use profile?p

LIBRARY USE PROFILE Are you aware thatLIBRARY USE PROFILE Are you aware that your university

maintains its own website?

UNSURE

NO

YES

Fig. 2a: University Website Awareness

LIBRARY USE PROFILELIBRARY USE PROFILE

GRADUATE STUDENT UNDER GRADUATE

NEVER

GRADUATE STUDENT

WHEN NECESSARY

OCCASIONALLY

VERY OFTEN

Fi 2b Lib Vi it FFig. 2b: Library Visit Frequency

LIBRARY USE PROFILE

70

80

40

50

60

10

20

30

GRADUATE STUDENT

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT

0


Fig. 2c: Print Materials UsedFig. 2c: Print Materials Used in the Library

QUESTIONQUESTIONWhat characterizes the

respondents’respondents computer and internet pprofile?

Computer and Internet use Profile

INTERNET ACCESS COMPUTER ACCESS

YES AT HOME

FREQUENCY

ATLEAST ONCE A DAY

Both home and school

YES IN SCHOOL

ONCE A DAY

ATLEAST ONCE A

BOTH AT HOME AND

WEEK

ATLEAST ONCE A

SCHOOL

NO CONVENIENT ACCESS

MONTH

RARELY OR NEVERAt least once a

dACCESS

Fig. 5:Computer & Internet Use Profileday

COMPUTER & INTERNET USE PROFILE

PROFILE GRADUATE UNDERGRADUATEN PERCENT N PERCENTN PERCENT

(%)N PERCENT

(%)

I do not search the Internet 1 .6% 12 1.5%

Cable access to Internet 74 41.6% 370 46.3%

Dial in using a commercial I t t i id

84 47.2% 323 40.4%Internet service provider

Dial in using my university as primary provider

14 8.0% 69 8.6%p y p

Direct connection through the university

91 51.1% 360 45.1%

COMPUTER & INTERNET USE PROFILE

PROFILE GRADUATE UNDERGRADUATEN PERCENT N PERCENT (%)N PERCENT

(%)N PERCENT (%)

Computer at 152 87 9% 648 83 3%Computer at home

152 87.9% 648 83.3%

Have personal l t

143 82.2% 484 62.3%

laptop

QUESTIONQUESTIONWhat typifies the

internet seekinginternet seeking behavior of the respondents of UST and AdMU?and AdMU?

INTERNET SEEKING BEHAVIORINTERNET SEEKING BEHAVIOR

ACCESSING MULTIMEDIA INFORMATIONU d d t St d t Graduate Students

READING ONLINE BOOKS

ACCESSING ONLINE LIBRARY CATALOGUE

ACCESSING MULTIMEDIA INFORMATIONUndergraduate StudentsTOP RANKING INTERNET SEEKING BEHAVIOR

Graduate StudentsTOP RANKING INTERNET SEEKING BEHAVIOR

READING ELECTRONIC JOURNALS

ATTENDING ONLINE SEMINAR AND CONFERENCES

SEEKING BEHAVIOR

1. E‐mailing

SEEKING BEHAVIOR

1. Searching e‐databases

READING E‐MAIL ALERTS

SCANNING CITATION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

SEARCHING ELECTRONIC DATABASESg

2. Reading e‐mail alerts3. Searching e‐

d b

2. Reading email alerts3. Reading e‐journals

EMAILING CLASSMATES

DISCUSSION FORUM/LIST SERVER

READING E MAIL ALERTSdatabases

Fig. 3: Internet Seeking Behavior0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

QUESTIONQUESTIONStatistically speaking, is

the internet seekingthe internet seeking behavior of the graduate and

ndergrad ateundergraduate students different?

Significant Differences in the Internet Seeking Behavior of Graduate and Undergraduate School Students

INTERNET SEEKING BEHAVIOR GRADUATE UDERGRADUATE

MEAN SD MEAN SD t‐ value

g

Emailing classmates 3.10 0.84 3.16 0.80 ‐0.95

Discussion forum/list server 2.29 0.90 2.36 0.77 ‐0.95

Reading e‐mail alerts 3.10 0.98 2.93 0.89 2.29*

Scanning citation and bibliography 2.57 0.81 2.56 0.82 0.24

S hi l t i d t b 3 11 0 83 2 64 0 87 6 54*Searching electronic databases 3.11 0.83 2.64 0.87 6.54*

R di l t i j l 2 98 0 83 2 58 0 82 5 80*Reading electronic journals 2.98 0.83 2.58 0.82 5.80*

Attending online seminar and conferences 1.89 0.89 1.84 0.82 0.69

Significant Differences in the Internet Seeking Behavior of Graduate and Undergraduate School Students

INTERNET SEEKING BEHAVIOR GRADUATE UDERGRADUATE

MEAN SD MEAN SD t l

Graduate and Undergraduate School Students


Reading online books 2.59 0.86 2.52 0.85 1.0

Accessing online library catalogue 2.71 .91 2.37 0.83 4.83*

Accessing multimedia information 2.61 0.93 2.64 0.85 ‐0.33g

QUESTIONQUESTIONWhat database mode

f dof access do students generallystudents generally prefer?

Preferred Mode of Access 1. Save online article ACCESS MODE Graduate Undergraduate

Percent(%)

Rank Percent(%)

Rank

to USB/laptop2. Photocopy library copy

(%) (%)

Use interlibrary loan 1.7% 11 3.3% 11

Photocopy library copy 29.2% 3 45.7% 2

Read in personal journal subscription 7.9% 8.5 11.4% 93 Photocopy articles

Send online journal articles to my e‐mail 43.8% 2 39.5% 4

3. Photocopy articles retrieved by my classmates

Save online journal articles to USB/laptop 61.2% 1 56.2% 1

Photocopy articles retrieved by my classmates 26.4% 4 41.4% 3Photocopy articles retrieved by my classmates 26.4% 4 41.4% 3

ACCESS MODE Graduate Undergraduate

Percent(%)

Rank Percent(%)

Rank(%) (%)

Have assistant or student print online journal 3.9% 10 7.0% 10

Print online journals in computer cafe 8.4% 7 18.6% 5

Print online journals in library 12.9% 6 15.6% 7

Print online journal articles at home 7.9% 8.5 11.6% 8

Read electronic journals online 15.7% 5 16.1% 6

Significant Differences in the Internet Self Efficacy of Graduate and Undergraduate School Students

INTERNET SELF EFFICACY GRADUATE UDERGRADUATE


I f l fid t l i d d kill ithi 6 27 1 36 6 37 1 38 0 85

g

I feel confident learning advanced skills within a specific Internet program

6.27 1.36 6.37 1.38 ‐0.85

I feel confident turning to an on‐line discussion h h l i d d

5.65 1.85 5.97 1.70 *group when help is needed

QUESTIONQUESTIONWhich online databases

are most popular andare most popular and to graduate and gundergraduate st dents?students?

Online Journals UNDERGRADUATE GRADUATE OVERALL

MEAN RANK MEAN RANK MEAN RANK

Academic Source Complete

2.80 1 3.01 1 2.84 1

Biomedical Reference Collection: Basic

1.99 6 1.74 10.5 1.94 6.5

Business Source C l

1.93 8 1.69 15 1.89 9Academic Source

CompleteComplete

Catholic Periodical and Literature Index

1.72 14 1.75 10.5 1.73 12

Complete

CINAHL Plus with Full Text

1.74 12 1.69 15 1.73 12

Communication Abstracts 1.79 10 1.80 9 1.80 10

ERIC 1.51 17 1.89 8 1.58 17

Funk and Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia

1.64 15 1.74 12.5 1.65 15.5World Encyclopedia

Gale Virtual Reference Library

1.63 16 1.74 12.5 1.65 15.5

Online Journals UNDERGRADUATE GRADUATE OVERALL

MEAN RANK MEAN RANK MEAN RANK

JSTOR 2.08 3 2.62 2 2.18 3

Library, Information Science & Technology

2.01 5 2.02 6 2.01 5Science & Technology

MAS Ultra – School Edition

1.50 18 1.55 15 1.51 18

MEDLINE with Full Text 1 74 12 1 67 17 1 72 14

JSTORMEDLINE with Full Text 1.74 12 1.67 17 1.72 14

Military & Government Collection

1.49 19 1.37 16 1.47 19

Primary Search 2.07 4 2.07 5 2.07 4

ProQuest Health & Medical Complete

1.94 7 1.97 7 1.94 6.5p

Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection

1.87 9 2.10 4 1.91 8ScienceDirect

Regional Business News 1.74 12 1.69 15 1.73 12

ScienceDirect 2.28 2 2.53 3 2.32 2

QUESTIONQUESTIONAre the respondents’

internet seekinginternet seeking behavior supported ppby the instructional platform of theplatform of the faculty?y

INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT FOR DATABASE USE

90Is Journal Reading

part of your

60

70

80p yclassroom experience?

40

50

60

YES

NO

20

30

40

0

10

Fig. 6a:Journal Reading as Part of Classroom Experience

GRADUATE STUDENT UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT

COLLEGE TEACHERS

OTHER STUDENTS

LIBRARY PRINTED GUIDES

LIBRARY WEB PAGES

COLLEGE TEACHERS

LIBRARY STAFF


VIRTUAL LIBRARIAN

LIBRARY CLASSES/ORIENTATION Who was instrumental in

NOT SURE

UNIVERSITY VOYAGER CATALOGUE your awareness of the databases?

0 10 20 30 40 50 60Fig. 9a: Awareness and Action Channels

RECOMMENDATIONS OF OTHER STUDENTS

TRIAL AND ERROR

RECOMMENDATIONS OF COLLEGE TEACHERS


BASED ON THE NAME OF THE DATABASE

Which of the following shaped

VIRTUAL LIBRARIAN

LIBRARY DATABASES PAGE

RECOMMENDATIONS OF LIBRARY STAFF following shaped your decision which online

NOT SURE

UNIVERSITY VOYAGER CATALOGUE

VIRTUAL LIBRARIAN which online database to use?

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

NOT SUREFig. 9b: Deciding which online database to use

SEARCH THE UNIVERSITY VOYAGER CATALOGUE

LIBRARY DATABASES PAGE

CATALOGUE

LIBRARY SUBJECT RESOURCES PAGES

BOOKMARK/FAVORITES

LIBRARY FACULTY RESOURCES PAGES

How did you access your

NOT SURE

Fig 9c: Mode of access of

access your online databases?

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45Fig. 9c: Mode of access of online database

Fig. 9d: Aid in Solving Problems related to online Database Access

ASKING A FRIEND

PHONING THE LIBRARIAN

ASKING A LIBRARIAN AT THE …

VIRTUAL LIBRARIAN

EMAILING THE LIBRARY What do you do whenever you encounter

USING THE HELP IN THE DATABASE

USING e‐QUERYsome problems in the use of the database?

NEVER FOUND ANY USEFUL HELP

NEVER NEEDED ANY HELP

USING THE HELP IN THE DATABASE

0 20 40 60 80

NEVER FOUND ANY USEFUL HELP

ASKING A FRIEND

MORE TRAINING SESSIONS

ONLINE CHAT SERVICE

Fig. 9e: Most helpful service in database online accessNONE

24 HOUR GENERAL CALL CENTER

database online access

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

NONE

Availability of Online DatabasesWhat do you doAvailability of Online Databases

FREQUENCY PRINTING SAVING EMAILING

What do you do with available

online databases?FREQUENCY PRINTING(%)

SAVING(%)

EMAILING(%)

ALL THE TIME 9 5% 23 1% 21 3%

o e databases

ALL THE TIME 9.5% 23.1% 21.3%

MOST OF THE TIME 35.5% 39.0% 35.9%

ABOUT HALF THE TIME 19 2% 13 0% 12 7%ABOUT HALF THE TIME 19.2% 13.0% 12.7%

RARELY 15.0% 10.0% 13.0%

NEVER 6 4% 2 8% 6 4%NEVER 6.4% 2.8% 6.4%

NOT SURE 2.8% 3.5% 3.6%

NOT APPLICABLE 7.5% 4.8% 7.1%

PHYSICAL LOCATION ACCESSPHYSICAL LOCATION ACCESS

70 Where do you

60

70 e e do youusually access the university’s online

40

50

GRADUATE STUDENT

databases?

20


Fig. 7: Physical Location Access

0

10

IN THE CLASSROOM

AT HOME IN THE LIBRARY

FREQUENCY ACCESSHow do you access online databases FREQUENCY ACCESSof your u iversity

GRADUATE USED TO SEARCH ONLINE

NO

UNDEGRADUATE

NO

THROUGH ANTHROUGH AN ASSISTANT

THROUGH ATHROUGH A LIBRARIAN

YES, PERSONALLY,

Fig. 8a: Search Online Databases

FREQUENCY ACCESSFig 8b: Frequency of Electronic Database Search

40

Fig. 8b: Frequency of Electronic Database Search

Both Graduate and

30

35 Undergraduate= RARELY

Both Graduate and

1

20

25

GRADUATE STUDENT

Both Graduate and Undergraduate= WEEKLY

5

10


0

5 How often do you access electronic

databases?databases?

IMPEDIMENTSReasons for Not Searching Online

IMPEDIMENTS

REASONS PERCENT (%) RANK

NOT NEEDED 17 5% 1NOT NEEDED 17.5% 1

DO NOT KNOW HOW SEARCH

8.0% 2

NO TIME TO SEARCH 7 4% 3NO TIME TO SEARCH 7.4% 3

UNSATISFACTORY RESULTSIN THE PAST

3.0% 4

What preventedNO HELP AVAILABLE 1.9% 5

NO EASY ACCESS TO A COMPUTER

1.6% 6

What prevented you from not

searching online?

FREQUENCIES IMPEDIMENTSReasons for not Accessing Journals Electronically

REASONS PERCENT (%) RANK

Reasons for not Accessing Journals Electronically

NOT NEEDED 32.9 1

LACK OF SUBSCRIPTION TO FULL TEXT

23.8 2.5FULL TEXT

NO TIME TO ACCESS JOURNALS ONLINE

23.8 2.5

TOO SLOW TO DOWNLOAD 19 3 3TOO SLOW TO DOWNLOAD 19.3 3

PASSWORD PROBLEM 19.0 4

TOO MANY LOGINS 17.0 5What prevented

fTOO MANY LOGINS

REQUIRED17.0 5

BREAKDOWN OF SYSTEM 14.2 6

ACCESS INSTRUCTIONS 12 6 7

you from not accessing journals electronically?ACCESS INSTRUCTIONS

NOT CLEAR12.6 7electronically?

STRUCTURAL EQUATION WHAT MAKES THIS PAPER INTERESTING?STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (SEM)MODELLING (SEM)

Present and test a modelh d ib lithat describes online

database use of universitydatabase use of university students

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Database Use Structural Equation Model

PHYSICAL LOCATION LIBRARY USE

The HypothesizedLOCATION

FREQUENCY

PROFILEHypothesized Model


PROFILE


AWARENESS

CHANNELS


PROFILE

INTERNET

PROFILE

IMPEDIMENTS

INTERNET SEEKING BEHAVIOR

FORMAT

INTERNET

DISCIPLINAL PROFILE


LIBRARY USE The Tested

FREQUENCY

PROFILE

0 34

Model


PROFILE


0.34

0 28AWARENESS

CHANNELS


PROFILE

INTERNET

PROFILE0.600.10

0.28

0 45 INTERNET SEEKING BEHAVIOR

0.230.45

0.05

FORMAT

INTERNET

DISCIPLINAL PROFILE

0.33


0.12

ConclusionConclusionLibrary use profile (awareness of university(awareness of university website, frequency of visit,

i ifi lmaterials used) significantly relates to the onlinerelates to the online database use.

ConclusionConclusionThe internet seeking behavior affects thebehavior affects the attributes of database access.

ConclusionConclusionInternet seeking behavior is greatly affected by thegreatly affected by the instructional support profile and the students’ internet self-efficacy.y

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