Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal

Exposition of 1889

Rea Gay O. ZausaBambi Rose M. Española

BA Psychology IV

Difficulty of Finding Quarters

the approaching Universal

Exposition of 1889 which was

scheduled to open on May 6

• Capitan Justo Trinidad• Jose Albert

Life in Paris

“We Filipinos gather four times a week and we sing the kundiman, we eat sotanghon, adobo, etc. On Wednesdays

in the house of Doña Tula, on Thursdays in the house of

Madam Boustead, on Saturdays in the house of Luna, on Sundays in the house of Doña Juliana.”

Rizal & Paris Exposition 1889

Felix R. Hidalgo

Juan Luna

F. Pardo de Tavera

2nd

3rd

Kidlat Club

March 19. 1889 • purely a social society of a temporary nature

• to bring together the young Filipinos in the French Capital so that they could enjoy their sojourn

•Antonio & Juan Luna•Gregorio Aguilera•Fernando Canon•Laura Dimayuga•Julio Llorente•Guillermo Puatu•Baldomero Roxas

Indios Bravos

Kidlat CLub

Indios Bravos

“Why should we resent being called Indios by the Spaniards? Look at those Indios from N. America – they are not ashamed of their name. Let us be like them. Let us be proud of the name Indio and make

our Spanish enemies revise their conception of

the term…!”

Pistol. Sword, judo

R.D.L.M. Society

•Gregorio Aguilera• Jose Ma. Basa• Julio Llorente•Marcelo H. del Pilar•Mariano Ponce• Baldomero Roxas• Father Jose Maria

Changco

the propagation of all useful knowledge – scientific, artistic, literary, etc. – in the Philippines & the Redemption of the Malay Race

Redencion de los Malayos

(Redemption of the Malays)

R.D.L.M. Society

to be a leader of FREEDOM, if not in the Philippines, then in

other lands

•Provisions for Bornean colonization:• Right of the colonists to buy the

lands• Free use of the seashores• Unusual long term of lease for 999

years• a period of time long enough for

many generations to form a nation and to consolidate its status”

Annotated Edition of Morga Published

1.Rizal commits the error of many historians in appraising the events of the past in the light of present standards

2.Rizal’s attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses of the friars should not be construed to mean that Catholicism is bad.

Proved that Filipinos were already civilized before the advent of Spain.

Comment on Morga’s Publication Date

October 12, 1889 – Blumentritt received the edition (Leitmeritz)

December 28, 1889 – Rizal sent copies to Dr. Baldomero Roxas from Paris to Lipa

December 31, 1889 – Mariano Ponce received the book