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Road & Freeway Applications

FIND MORE INFORMATION AT WWW.POLYFABRICS.COM.AU/APPLICATIONS/HIGHWAY-CONSTRUCTION

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Geosynthetics and Highway Applications

Product Groups Tailored for Highway Applications:

Non-wovenTerraTex®

TerraStop®

TerraStop® Hi Visibility

WovenTerraStop® PPUltimatex® HSPaving Fabrics

GEOTEXTILES

E’GRID®

E’GRID® GTStrataGrid®

TerraGrid® HSGTerraGrid® 6060

GEOGRIDS

TerraMat®

TerraMat® GrassTEC Mat® CoirEcoLogsTEC Mat® Jute TERRAM GrassProtecta®

TERRAM TurfProtecta®

Tubex® Tree Guards

LANDSCAPING

GEOCELLS

StrataWeb®

ACCESSORIES

TerraStop® Silt FenceTerraStop® Site FencingFloat Curtains

PondsHardwood StakesHessian Sand Bags

GABIONS

TerraStop® Gabions/Mattresses

TenDrain® Bi-Planar & Tri-Planar GeocompositesFreDrain®

TerraDrain®

DrainCel®

Drainage TanksAgflo®

DRAINAGE SOLUTIONS Equipped with over 25 years

of experience the Polyfabrics

Australasia team has an in depth

understanding the key elements

required in the construction application

of highways and roads.

Our team:

• Provides the optimum materials for

your application

• Assists in enhancing road performance

• Works to extend design life

• Supports in reducing both installation

time-frames as well as material costs.

Polyfabrics Australasia’s solutions provide the complete

package for road construction encompassing environmental,

civil, structural, hydraulic aspects while tending to landscaping,

sediment and erosion control. We offer the most innovative

and cost-effective geosynthetic solutions on the market.

Separation to maintain the

integrity of adjacent soil types

Drainage to allow the

free passage of water

Filtration to prevent

leaking of soil particles

Barrier for the

containment of liquids

Reinforcement to provide

additional strength

Protection of the

structure and barrier

Erosion Control to prevent soil

movements from water flow

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Considerable research and development has been undertaken by various state road bodies over the past decades to arrive at a simple

and comprehensive guide for geotextile and geogrid selection. The New South Wales and Queensland road bodies (Roads and Maritime

Services and Queensland Main Roads Department respectively) have invested considerable time and expense in removing proprietary products that were included in highway specifications. Apart from anointing a chosen product to the detriment of

competitive tendering, it was observed that very little research was undertaken to arrive at the selected grade or product due to the lack of a comprehensive Australasian study.

In the late 1990s, the Roads and Maritime Services convened a forum comprising of all geosynthetic suppliers and academics to begin the process of providing clear and precise guidelines

and selection criteria for use in all New South Wales highways. Whilst the initial agreement (R63) dealt only with geotextiles, there are now specifications pertaining to high strength reinforcement, gabion and

mattresses, retaining structures and erosion control. The launch of the R63 agreement encouraged many other state bodies to revise and remodel their specifications to increase competitiveness and shorten the

approval process for determining the appropriate geosynthetic material in their project.

For a full and updated version of the document, please visit:http://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/business-industry/partners-suppliers/specifications/index.html

For copies of your respective road authorities’ specifications, please contact one of our Polyfabrics engineers.

Introduction to Highway Applications

BENEFITS OF THESE MATERIALS INCLUDE:

913, 000 kilometres of Australian roadways interconnects various parts of this vast country forming the backbone of

the Australian infrastructure. These roads are well-built and maintained on a regular basis to support the travel needs

of Australian road users across the country. However, 559,669 kilometres of Australian roadways remain unpaved

and the government is taking rapid initiative to transform these unpaved roads in outland areas into paved roads.

In the process of transforming these roads it is crucial that they are built to a high standard, especially since they are

sometimes the only means of connectivity to remote areas. Polyfabrics offers high-quality geosynthetic materials and

consultation on their usage to cater for the needs of modern highway construction.

The added complication when constructing our highways is derived from the variation of ground and climate

conditions. While the techniques in the state of Victoria will work, they struggle to be adopted in the Northern Territory

which has seasonal weather cycles. The additional constraint that should be considered are the different sub-grade

conditions that need to be reinforced to ensure the integrity of the foundation. Using the correct geosynthetics within

the structure of the road ensures the lifespan and integrity of the road, therefore reducing your maintenance intervals,

and subsequent costs. Organisations such as Austroads, will help assist with different options and offer design

guidance within each part of the construction.

Geosynthetics, in particular geotextiles and geogrids, permit efficient and cost effective road

construction over various types of soil with low bearing capacity, hence offering an optimum solution to

a variety of engineering problems.

• Allowing the use of open graded fill material, such as crushed aggregate

• Reducing the extent of differential settlement

• A possible reduction in sub-base depth by avoiding a mixing zone

• Extending the life expectancy of the constructed roadway

When choosing a suitable geosynthetic, it is important to consider the impact resistance, tensile strength and

extensibility of the material. A geosynthetic that excels in these three properties, will help extend the life of the

road which is under constant operation stress due to road traffic.

GEOSYNTHETIC SELECTION MADE EASY

INTRODUCTION

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Highway Application Project Stages SITE PREPARATION

SITE ESTABLISHMENT

SUB-GRADE

BRIDGES & WALLS

DRAINAGE

This is the starting foundation of the project and will generally commence

with earth works to shape and mould the ground. In this stage, using

Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD’s) can help to speed up the consolidation of the

ground by removing the water from the soil much quicker than natural settlement.

Establishing the boundaries of your site is critical for the health and safety of not only the workers on

site, but also the public by preventing them from entering the work zone. Tapex Industrial (our partner)

has a range of site safety equipment to assist in this area, from barrier fencing through to detection

equipment for existing infrastructure under the ground.

Depending on the California Bearing Ratio of your soil, an additional layer of reinforcing geosynthetics may

need to be added to enhance and stabilise the ground. Once this is established, you can start to build up

your sub-grade layers including nonwoven geotextile between the layers, to ensure there is a separation

and prevention of mixing the sub-grade materials.

The critical element in the construction of bridges and walls is identifying the required integrity of the

embankments prior to placing the beams across the structure. To ensure it is in place, a high strength uniaxial

geosynthetic is required to be placed within the embankment to strengthen the California Bearing Ratio while

keeping the integrity of the structure in place.

Drainage is critical to the life of the road structure and the safety of drivers. Sufficient drainage at the side of the road

must be used to get the surface water away, therefore reducing the spray back onto the drivers using the roads.

Equally within bridges and structures, sufficient drainage needs to be applied to excessive water from the structure to

reduce any possible erosion water can cause.

EROSION

REVEGETATION

Near the end of the project, erosion control is a critical element to consider when completing the highway

construction. As mentioned, sufficient drainage is a key requirement as you will need to consider the surface

run off on the embankments that have been cut back. There are several solutions to consider, ranging from

biodegradable erosion mats through to permanent erosion solutions. These are designed to keep the embankment

in place and enhance the structure while preventing erosion from taking place.

The final step of the project is to give back to the areas that have been removed. For every tree removed during

the construction process, 100 new trees will be required to be planted in its place. However, these young trees

are susceptible to damage from animals and the environment. To protect these trees, durable guards need to be

placed around the tree. If the correct guards are used, it will speed up the growth of the tree while protecting it for

several years. The tree guards will then degrade in to the soil enriching the ground.

TERRAGRID® 6060CTERRAGRID® HSG

TERRASTOP® HSG

ULTIMATEX® HS WOVEN

E’GRID GTE’GRID

GEOTEXTILETerraStop® NonWovenTerraTex® NonWoven

STRATAGRID®

TERRASTOP®

PAVING FABRICS

Core Products

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Installation of Material Layers

The following products support the roadways construction to ensure the

drainage solutions, erosion and revegetation components are properly

managed. The drainage products provide support to the integrity of the road

structure to ensure proper geosynthetic materials are utilised to prevent flooding

and damage due to mild to severe weather conditions. Erosion control products are

used to prevent water pollution, soil loss and habitat loss. Lastly, revegetation products

are used to support vegetation growth and sediment control.

Erosion Control products play an important role in the overall road and highways construction as they provide the required

support to reduce and prevent soil movements from water flow. The key geosynthetic products used integrate with the

natural environment and soil to ensure that the proper support is given, which provides a barrier between the construction

materials and the soil and vegetation. In conjunction with sediment controls, basins and silt fences are all examples of key

erosion control products used to support the highway structure.

EROSION CONTROL

Revegetation products cover a wide range of functions, from revegetating the land that has been used for another purpose in

the past, to shaping the existing landscape to a desired effect. Materials can also be used to stop land movements, and enable

stabilisation within an environment. A key function of the landscaping product line is sediment control. This is to prevent the

slipping or movement of sediment waste on a construction site and prevents the contamination of ground waters.

REVEGETATION

Drainage solutions are a range of products capable of transporting liquid or gas from one location to another.

When selecting from this range, there are many important factors to consider. The most critical factor is the environment

and if the polymer will contaminate the liquid while it is being transported. Another factor to consider is the compressive

strength of the material as most drainage applications are underground and will be subjected to compressive loadings.

The geotextile used within drainage solutions are critical to this function.

DRAINAGE

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LANDSCAPING

TUBEX® TREE GUARDS

ECOLOGS®

AGFLO®

DRAINAGE

FREDRAIN®

GEOTEXTILES

STRATAWEB™

GEOCELLS

GEOGRIDS

Drainage/Landscaping

Overview

BIODEGRADABLETEC Mat® JuteTEC Mat® Coir

PERMANENTTERRAM Grass Protecta®

TERRAM Bodpave 85TerraMat®

Flexiseal HD FLEXISEAL HD

FEATURES

Flexiseal HD is a composite self-adhesive membrane incorporating high

performance moisture and water resistant rubberised bitumen with an

integral robust, puncture and heat resistant polypropylene reinforcing woven.

Cold applied

No heating plant or hot bitumen

bedding adhesive required, self-

adhesive overlaps provide continuity.

Release Paper

Protects the adhesive surface until ready

to be used.

Robust

Accepts road paving machinery.

Pre-formed

Guaranteed thickness, not subject to site variation.

Woven reinforced

Provides dimensional stability and resistance

to damage.

Rubber/bitumen

Self-adhesive, elastic compound provides bonding and

transmission of braking forces to substrate, allows healing of

small punctures.

Flexible

Easily applied. Conforms to changes in profile and

accommodates shrinkage cracks up to 0.6mm.

APPLICATION

Flexiseal HD is supplied in rolls intertwined with special release paper that protects the adhesive surface until ready for

use and allows for easy handling during installation. Flexiseal HD is supplied in rolls up to 1.0m wide, 10.0m long and has

a thickness of 1.5mm. The release paper is removed during installation. The membrane is self-adhesive and cold applied

which requires no adhesive or equipment to install.

Flexiseal HD applications include:

• As a waterproofing membrane in plazas, bridges, vehicular traffic structures and car parks overlaid with an AC. It’s

adaptable for either new construction or for repair applications.

• Restoration of concrete pavements with AC overlays as a stress relieving membrane preventing reflection cracking over

transverse and longitudinal joints in concrete and in treated sub-bases.

INSTALLATION

Surface Preparation

Smooth concrete surfaces are required for proper adhesion. Surfaces must be dry, free of voids, dust and loose

aggregates.

Priming

Apply Flexiseal HD Primer to all concrete or masonry surfaces with a roller or airless spray gun (6 - 8 m2 / litre).

Allow primer to dry or until tack free. Prime only the area which will be covered with Flexiseal HD strip in a

working day. Areas not covered in 24 hours must be re-primed.

Temperature

Apply Waterproofing Membrane Flexiseal HD only in fair weather when air and surface temperatures are above

+5°C.

Paving

The AC overlay should be placed as soon as possible after application of Flexiseal HD. A minimum of 50 mm

compacted overlay is recommended. The preferred AC temperature in the paving machine hopper is 140°C -

160°C. Paving must not be started following rain until the membrane surface is dry. Only AC delivery equipment

should be permitted on the membrane prior to placement of the AC. Flat tracked or pneumatic tyre equipment

may be used. In the event of skidding of the pneumatic tyre machine during warm weather, broadcast a very

small amount of AC.

Precautions

Care should be taken to minimise the possibility of pavement shoving on heavy traffic

structures with more than a 4% grade.

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Geotextiles Theory and Functions

The important characteristics of sub-soil drainage products

are the material durability, equivalent opening size and a high

capacity for water flow. The geotextile must be sand-tight to

prevent passing of fine soil, while allowing for water flow. The high

porous nature and strength of TerraTex 414 and TerraStop A1 are

ideal for this application. Our products are available in a wide range

of standard roll sizes to suit all trenches. It is important to note that for

some soils with a high silt content (>20%), a low plasticity index research

has shown that certain nonwoven geotextiles may experience clogging

or blinding. In these instances, a filtration woven geotextile should be

considered and in critical applications, a layer of sand should be placed

between the geotextile and soil.

Geotextiles have a 30-year proven track record providing stabilisation

to roadway applications, ensuring the durability and longevity of the

road structure at a low cost. TerraStop® nonwoven is ideal for general

separation applications, however when working with very soft conditions

it is more suitable to use E’GRID® geogrid or Ultimatex® Woven to provide

additional reinforcement to the structure. When working with lime

stabilised soils which affect polyester fabrics, Terratex® PP Nonwoven or

Terrastop® Woven geotextiles (made from polypropylene) are the best

choice due to the polymer reactions.

FILTRATION & DRAINAGE

SEPARATION & REINFORCEMENT

Geosynthetics, especially geotextiles are used

throughout the construction of any road or highway both

paved and unpaved. The key reason behind the inclusion

of geosynthetics is their multifunctional purpose enabling the

contractor to speed up the construction of the site, while providing

value engineering.

When selecting the geosynthetic materials required for the construction,

the soil and environment of the surrounding area will need to be considered.

Some polymers react differently to certain soils and conditions, thus a variety of

products could be selected, and initial site surveys are critical to selecting the correct

grade of materials.

When geotextiles are placed beneath rock, it is important to

consider high filtration capacity, high puncture resistance

and good abrasion resistance. Generally the flow rate

should be 10 times higher than the sub-base it is placed on

and the pore size should be 10 times lower than the sub-

base to prevent clogging. For greatest abrasion resistance,

small cut (staple) fibers should be used to ensure that the

abrasion area is centralised and does not run through the

length of the product. The final aspect of the process that is

often forgotten is the consideration of chemical reactions.

High PH levels placed against concrete Polyester fibres will

reverse the chemical reaction, and subsequently break

down over time, which is commonly known as Hydrolysis.

In the last stage of the project, you will need to consider

the embankments and completion of the structures.

In most cases, the embankment has been cut back to

enable a wider road structure which results in loose soil,

and steep gradients within the embankment, making

revegetation very difficult. To get around this using

biodegradable geotextiles, known as Jute or Coir, you can

lay these materials over the topsoil and pin once placed

to the embankment. This will also hold the new intended

vegetation in place, enabling it to germinate over time and

cause it to stabilise itself. Finally, once all the germination

is completed, the product will dissolve into the ground

adding nutrients to the soil.

EROSION CONTROL ENVIRONMENT

DESCRIPTION PFA GRADE

Filter Wrap

Main use: Sub-soil drainage, Vic Roads/RMS approvedTerrastop/Terram Handy Rolls

RTA & TMR Class A

Main use: Filter/Light SeparationTerrastop A1F/Terratex 414A

RTA & TMR Class B

Main Use: SeparationTerrastop B1F /Terratex 424B

RTA & TMR Class C

Main use: Subgrade Improvement//SeparationTerrastop C1F/Terratex 429C

RTA & TMR Class D

Main use: Subgrade Improvement/StabilisationTerrastop D1F/Terratex 439D

RTA & TMR Class E

Main use: Erosion/Protection/Coastal applicationsTerrastop E1F/Terratex 449E

Woven Geotextile – 30knMain use: Subgrade Improvement/Stabilisation/Separation

Terrastop 202

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FIND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AT WWW.POLYFABRICS.COM.AU/PRODUCTS/GEOTEXTILES

GEOTEXTILES

TerraTex® PP Nonwoven

TerraTex® PP Nonwoven geotextile is manufactured

according to ISO 9001 Quality Standards. The product

is wrapped in a highly UV stable outer wrap and may

be left outside, onsite or for later use (provided the

wrapper is not removed prior to deployment and use).

It is recommended that installation occurs within one

month of delivery.

TerraTex® prevents the intermixture of granular

materials and the soil, which is often a problem for

the construction of a stable granular layer on soft

foundation soils.

FEATURES

• The TerraTex® geotextile range is a 100%

polypropylene staple filament geotextile.

• HIghly needled to enhance its use in a wide range

of geotechnical applications including separation,

filtration and reinforcement procedures.

TerraStop® Paving Fabrics

TerraStop® Paving Fabrics are designed for the

maintenance and repair of road surfaces such as spray

sealing and asphalt resurfacing. They have been designed

to deliver superior results in harsh Australian conditions

and are made from polyester spun fibers, mechanically

bonded by needle punching. This product is ideally used

for road crack prevention, low volume roads or crack

prevention in asphalt pavement overlays.

BENEFITS

• Flexibility to conform to the surface.

• Have isotropic properties to resist forces

in all directions.

• Offer positive absorption properties to form a

bituminous waterproof barrier when saturated.

TerraStop® Nonwoven

TerraStop® F Range is a nonwoven needle punched

geotextile made from polyester and is used in differing

types of applications. It provides filtration, separation,

protection and reinforcement functions in engineering

projects, enhancing the performance and design life of

granular layers.

It often provides the most cost effective solution to

engineering problems including: cracked roads, weak

soil, as well as liquid and gas leaks from landfill sites.

BENEFITS

• Designed for a high level of technical support for

designers, engineers and contractors which ensures

a smooth run for the project.

Ultimatex® HS Woven

Ultimatex® HS Woven are high strength polyester fabrics

ranging in strength from 100-2000kN/m suitable for

solving complex engineering problems. These geotextiles

are manufactured from high tenacity polyester (PET)

yarns, knitted to form a structured matting. It is designed

for civil engineering applications such as: reinforcement

of granular soils, embankment reinforcement, retaining

structures and subgrade improvement.

FEATURES

• Product strength and stiffness are affected both by

temperature and by rate or duration of loading.

• Quality control tensile testing is carried out using

the method given in international standard

BS EN ISO 10319:1996.

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FIND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AT WWW.POLYFABRICS.COM.AU/PRODUCTS/GEOTEXTILES

GEOTEXTILES

TERRAM & TerraStop® Handy Rolls

TERRAM Handy Rolls & Minipaks are produced from

Bi-component technology using PP/PE blended polymers

making them very robust geotextiles. They provide an

effective solution to the problem of constructing a

stable granular layer over soft foundation soils.

When stone is placed directly on a soft subgrade, the

imposed load often causes intermixing of two layers,

resulting in contamination of the stone layer. Handy Rolls

and Minipaks provide assistance in avoiding a decrease in

bearing strength and surface rutting, while also providing

support at the sub-base/subgrade interface.

BENEFITS

• Suitable for wide range of applications, ranging

from regular DIY to pipe and trench lining.

• Aids drainage and is ideal for play areas.

TerraStop® PP Woven

TerraStop® PP Woven Geotextiles are perfect for use

in separation, reinforcement and stabilisation in the

construction of pavements. The separation action

prevents the mixing of dissimilar soils allowing each soil

layer in the pavement structure to function as intended.

The high tensile strength and low elongation properties

of TerraStop® PP provides reinforcement and stability

into the pavement section, reducing rutting and

extending pavement life.

FEATURES

• TerraStop® PP provides outstanding separation that

ensures superb filtration and drainage due to their

woven structures.

• Stability and superior damage resistance.

• Cross-roll direction strength when panels are sewn

together for suited application purposes.

TerraStop® Hi Visibility Nonwoven

TeraStop® HVL is designed to separate contaminated

and non-contaminated soils with its inherent robust

mechanical properties and its high visibility factor.

These geotextiles provide the same performance

and functions as our TerraStop® F Range with an

additional added benefit; they become a warning

and marker layer for years to come, enabling the

user to leave contaminated soils in place.

If TerraStop® HVL is placed on top before filling an

area with clean fill, it will separate the mediums

ensuring they do not intermix, while providing

confidence that if future excavations are done, they

are warned about the hazardous material below.

Whatever the application – a geotextile correctly

specified according to its hydraulic properties will

generate a filter zone preventing small particles

from passing through and resulting in issues such

as siltation and mixing of contaminated fill.

BENEFITS

• High visibility, quick and easy installation.

• Prevents intermixing of adjacent soil layer.

• Allows the free flow of water.

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FIND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AT WWW.POLYFABRICS.COM.AU/PRODUCTS/DRAINAGE-SOLUTIONS

DrainCel®

Drain-Cel® provides a perfect solution for sub-

soil drainage application for creating a successful

underground detention application, without any

traditional problems associated with cracking or

leakage. It provides a uniform surface as well as an

internal void space for effective draining of excess

water.

It is made from recycled Polypropylene and is inert to

soil borne chemicals and bacteria. The unique design

and void properties helps the summer heat to escape

and thereby reduces the risk of cracking, enhancing

building life.

BENEFITS

• Easy to install and environmentally friendly.

• Very high compressive load carrying capacity of

up to 225 tonnes/m2.

• Holds and creates a perch water table, providing

ideal moist conditions for plant growth.

Agflo®

Is a corrugated subsoil pipe available in two classes – 400

& 1000. Class 400 single wall HDPE is used in medium

loadbearing conditions and class 1000 single wall PVC

is used in higher loadbearing subsoil applications.

Agflo® provides a seamless conduit for gas extraction

for modern landfills. It ensures the prevention of

environmental contamination and works for extracting

gas in the drainage layer of the system.

FEATURES

• Highest standards of durability and strength in

drainage for civil applications.

• Offers a superb range of flexible subsoil corrugated

drainage pipes available for various subsoil

applications.

• Available in plain, slotted & socked.

• Various diameters include 50mm, 65mm, 100mm

and 160mm.

DRAINAGE SOLUTIONS

TerraDrain®

TerraDrain® is a dimpled plastic sheet that provides

effective drainage and waterproof membrane protection

on foundation walls and other underground structures.

The integrated non-woven geotextile covering the

dimples prevents soil particles from blocking the

drainage sheet, and creates an air gap for reliable

ventilation. This allows inflow, due to its dimple structure,

and effectively captures and transports high water

volumes while resisting high loads from earth and

formwork.

TerraDrain® TD10 & TD18 perform a multi-faceted role

by providing protection for waterproofing systems

and managing sub-surface water around bridge

abutments. Soil backfill is retained by a filter fabric while

allowing water to pass into the drainage core providing

hydrostatic relief. Collected water is then conveyed

to a proper collection system.

BENEFITS

• Can be installed either vertically or horizontally.

• Used in climates where short period of heavy rain

occurs, as a substitute to TenDrain®.

• Full wall coverage helps protect the waterproofing and

forms a barrier between the soil and foundation wall.

TerraDrain® TD18TerraDrain® TD10

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DRAINAGE SOLUTIONS

FreDrain®

FreDrain® Strip Filter is a composite drain and

collection system of a three dimensional, high-

flow drainage core which is wrapped with a non-

woven filtration geotextile. It is designed to replace

conventional sand or gravel covered pipe drains by

providing a far greater surface for water to pass,

resulting in faster and more efficient drainage.

The most important characteristic of any sub-

surface drainage system is its ability to collect water

from the surrounding soil. Pipe and stone systems

have major limitations when compared to FreDrain®.

The open area in FreDrain® Strip Filters (60%) far

exceeded that of a perforated pipe (1.1%) and rigid

strip filters (2.5%).

BENEFITS

• Easy to install and handle, as it is lightweight.

• Reduces space requirements for drainage systems.

• Lower costs (installation and material cost is usually

less than half of that for aggregate drains).

• Strong and durable - crush strength of core resists

damage during installation.

• High flow capacity - structure of core provides multiple

channels for vertical and horizontal water flow.

FIND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AT WWW.POLYFABRICS.COM.AU/PRODUCTS/DRAINAGE-SOLUTIONS

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TenDrain®

TenDrain® Bi-Planar and Tri-Planar Geonet are used in

drainage systems in conjunction with a geotextile to

replace traditional materials such as sand and gravel. The

materials are composed of extruded HDPE high profile

polymeric ribs crossing at an angle to create an integral

net structure.

They can be used in conjunction with geotextiles to

replace traditional materials such as sand and gravel to

provide drainage. The TenDrain® range is manufactured

in accordance to ISO 9001:2008.

IDEAL USAGE

• Tunnels.

• Landfills leachate collection and leak detection.

• Roadway and pavement drainage.

• Underground concrete structures.

• Underground pipeline protection.

TenDrain® Bi-Planar

TenDrain® Bi-Planar is made from high performance

HDPE resin to resist compression and carbon black to

give a protection from UV degradation. The material is

made from high density polyethylene which is unaffected

by all chemicals, including acids, alkalis and salts normally

found in soils. In addition, it is not a nutrient and

therefore is not affected by micro-organisms in soil.

TenDrain® Tri-Planar

TenDrain® Tri-Planar Geonet can be used in conjunction

with geotextiles to replace traditional materials such

as sand and gravel to provide drainage, for example in

landfill, subgrade or tunnel walls projects. The chemical

and biological resistance has similar properties to the

TerraDrain® Bi-Planar.

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FIND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AT WWW.POLYFABRICS.COM.AU/PRODUCTS/GEOGRIDS

E’GRID® BIAXIAL

E’GRID® is a rigid biaxial geogrid commonly used for

subgrade reinforcement, rock stabilisation and erosion

control. The E’GRID® biaxial geogrid is available in a

range of strengths, while maintaining Isotropic tensile

strengths. These composites are used in applications

where separation, filtration and reinforcement are

required.

BENEFITS

• Distribution of loads and reduction in stress

concentration over the soil.

• The geogrids structural junctions, rigid ribs and

thick walls help lock aggregate, increasing its shear

resistance.

• As a result when a vertical load is applied

the aggregate is restrained by the ribs

reducing deformation.

• Decrease in long-term deformation and increase

in load distribution.

E’GRID® GT

E’GRID® GT is a geocomposite comprising of a biaxial

geogrid laminated to a nonwoven geotextile. The biaxial

geogrid provides reinforcement to the ballast and

sub-base ensuring a stable platform is created. The

geotextile provides a filter and separator between layers

within road construction and allows for a higher speed of

installation.

The functionality of this product allows the ballast to

push down into the open grid structure, becoming

locked in place and preventing ballast movement.

The geocomposite provides load displacement at

45 degrees, therefore reinforcing the entire structure.

Over time the ballast can break down, whereby fines try

to push down into the sub-grade. E’GRID® GT prevents

this from happening, ensuring the subgrade remains

intact and supported as required.

ADDITIONAL USAGE• Reinforcement of

granular soils.

• Embankment

reinforcement.

• Retaining structures.

• Basal reinforcement.

• Piling platforms.

• Subgrade improvement.

GEOGRIDS

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StrataGrid®

StrataGrid® is a geogrid reinforcement for soil. It is a high

performance soil reinforcement product that is made

with polyester yarns that have a high molecular weight

and extraordinary tensile strength. The geometric grid

shape offers tensile reinforcement to the soil in both the

vertical and horizontal directions.

StrataGrid® is coated with a black saturation coating to

provide further chemical and mechanical benefits that

preserve its durability in any environment.

In order to provide the most efficient design possible,

StrataGrid® is produced in multiple strengths and getting

in touch with a member of our expert team can ensure

you get the high performance required out of

this material.

IDEAL USAGE

• Segmental retaining walls and landslide repairs.

• Reinforcing steep slopes and foundations.

• Reinforced embankments over soft soil.

TerraGrid® HSG

TerraGrid® HSG is a high strength coated geogrid which

is manufactured from high tenacity polyester (PET) yarns,

and knitted to form a structured grid. The range of

products starts from 100kN upwards, suitable for solving

complex engineering problems.

Designed for complex problems, we use a wide width

method with specimen width of 200mm. Strain rate is

20% per minute and test temperature is 20°C.

TerraGrid® HSG is used to reinforce soils where extremely

high tensile strength with low elongation is required. It is

able to withstand extreme loadings, and can even enable

vertical walls to be constructed. We strongly recommend

viewing our design guide before using these materials.

IDEAL USAGE

• Reinforcement of granular soils and Basal.

• Embankment reinforcement and retaining structures.

• Subgrade improvement and piling platforms.

23

GABIONS

TerraStop® Gabions Installation

• Gabions are supplied in panels such as wall, floor,

lid and dividers or internal diaphragms. Internal

diaphragms are also nominally attached to the

base at 1m3.

• Connect the corners first and then the edges

to achieve a square finish. Lace each

aperture independently.

• All panels are joined using a pneumatic lacing tool

available for hire, in conjunction with hog rings.

• Each unit is separately assembled, then hog

ringed again to adjacent units to form

a monolithic structure.

• All internal diaphragms must be laced completely

to the base, sides and lid for stability.

• Complete the installation by tying the lid to

the sides and internal diaphragms.

FIND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AT WWW.POLYFABRICS.COM.AU/PRODUCTS/GABIONS

TerraStop® Gabions

TerraStop® Gabions are heavily galvanised, hexagonally

woven, steel-wire mesh cages. They are Aluzinc-

galvanised. Additionally, a PVC coating is applied on

top to ensure extra durability within the surrounding

environment. The steel-wire cage creates a flexible,

durable and permanent structure that resists

erosive forces.

Welded Mesh Gabions

TerraStop® Welded Mesh Gabions are zinc-galvanised to

provide a superior coating that is rigid, heavy duty and

long lasting. It is most appropriate in severe corrosive

conditions such as in marine environments.

TerraStop® Mattresses

TerraStop® Mattresses are supplied folded and

compressed, and can be installed to cover larger scale

areas with minimal slopes. This is achieved by utilising

multiple panels, first connecting the corners and then

edges to create a square finish.

25

TerraStop® Mattresses Installation

• Mattresses are supplied folded and compressed.

To begin installation, unfold the units. Internal

diaphragm panels are also nominally attached to the

base however lids are sometimes supplied separately.

• Connect the corners first and then the edges

to achieve a square finish. Lace each aperture

independently.

• Internal diaphragms must also be laced together

to the external frame.

• Each unit is separately assembled, then laced again

to adjacent units to form a monolithic structure.

• All internal diaphragms must be laced completely

to the base, sides and lid for stability.

• Complete the installation by tying the lid to the sides

and internal diaphragms.

• The structure is now complete.

Design Consideration

There are a range of critical aspects that must be

adhered to throughout the installation to ensure the

durability of the structure. The following are for the

use of a qualified engineer familiar with traditional

procedures for retaining wall design.

1. The design stage begins with the selection

of trial dimensions for a typical vertical cross

section through the wall.

2. Determine the forces acting on the wall.

3. Check that resisting moment exceeds the

overturning moment by a suitable safety factor.

4. Ensure the sliding resistance exceeds the active

horizontal force by a suitable safety factor.

5. Confirm that the resultant force falls within the

middle third of the wall’s base, and that the

maximum bearing pressure is within the

allowable limit.

These steps are repeated until a suitable design that

meets all criteria is achieved. The wall stability must be

checked at the base and at each course. When required,

flat layers of welded wire mesh (Anchor Mesh) or

geogrids are used as soil reinforcements to secure

the gabion wall into the backfill.

25

FIND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AT WWW.POLYFABRICS.COM.AU/PRODUCTS/LANDSCAPE

WELDED MESH BASKETS

Welded Mesh Baskets are made of heavily galvanised

steel wire mesh and are built for suitability for any

environment it may be placed in. The development

of a Zinc + 5% Aluminium alloy known as Aluzinc has

been utilised in order to take the next step in the fight

against steel corrosion. A strongly galvanised Mesh

Basket is essential for construction especially in harsher

conditions, specifically marine environments where

erosion can be a continuing issue.

FEATURES

• Galvanised Steel Welded Mesh Frame that is ideal for containing large amounts of heavy materials and is

highly durable during construction.

• Non-Woven Geotextile Liner, where units can be lined

or unlined to accept a variety of different fill materials.

• Spiral Hinged Corners which allow for flat packing of compartments, easing the transportation process of the Welded Mesh Baskets.

• Easy Opening Cells to allow for the easy recovery of units for either disposal or reuse depending on the project.

27

WELDED MESH BASKETS INSTALLATION

• The Pile Liner is delivered on a barge and is rotated/driven into place by the piling rig/crane.

• Using an auger, soft material is extracted from inside the Pile Liner.

• The Welded Mesh Baskets are then delivered by barge and through the use of a crane, are inserted into the pile.

• Concrete is then poured into the bored hole, and the piling machine is moved to its next location.

• Once the piling works are completed, the main river walk structure will be constructed.

WELDED MESH BASKETS ASSEMBLY

• Welded Mesh Baskets are supplied folded and

compressed. To begin the installation, the

compressed baskets are unpacked and the

individual units are unfolded.

• The corners for each unit are joined together and

the edges are aligned in order to have a square

finish

• All internal diaphragms are inserted on the base,

lid and sides to ensure stability.

• The Welded Mesh Baskets will then be ready for

stabilisation and piling activities in underwater

environments.


GEOCELLS

StrataWeb®

StrataWeb® Geocell is a 3-dimensional expandable

cellular confinement system of various depths made

from HDPE. It is used to confine various infills and

provide stability on slopes and channels, and offers

unique solutions for various civil engineering challenges.

It is perfect for construction and saving money, as it can

be filled with locally sourced material, which is especially

helpful in remote locations where aggregates require

importation.

StrataWeb® Geocell can be used for erosion control;

enabling vegetation to regenerate in difficult areas,

preventing wash out zones. It is also perfect for

unpaved roads, which means an access road can be

built in most locations, during construction zones and

be more economical than building a permanent road

structure. This makes it ideal for reinforcing foundations

or as a retaining wall.

Erosion control in practice

IDEAL USES

• To reinforce structures.

• Building up the foundation.

• Self sustaining retaining wall.

INSTALLATION GUIDE:

The procedure for the installation of Strataweb®

Geocell on slopes is as follows:

1. Site preparation: Shape and compact subgrade to

the required profile.

2. Placement of the geocell panels: Expand Geocell

panels to the full open dimension, parallel to the

slope direction. Each panel shall be first anchored

at the top of the slope in a pre-determined trench.

Along the slope the geocell shall be fixed with

pins. The spacing between the pins, the diameter

and length will depend on the slope angle, soil

characteristics and loading. Pins placed in a

staggered pattern.

3. Joining panels: Panels joined by pins, one pin every

2-4 cells. Alternatively, cells can be stapled.

4. Infill: Infill in the geocell is influenced by hydraulics,

soil conditions, and aesthetics. The Strataweb®

Geocell can accommodate a variety of infills and

finishes such as soil, gravel, concrete etc. To prevent

possible damage to the Geocell, limit the drop height

of infills to less than one metre.

5. Finishing: Soil infills can be pre-seeded or spray

mulched. Pre-seeded areas can be protected with

synthetic or natural fibre products such as TecMat®

Jute or Coir.

29


BIODEGRADABLE EROSION

TEC Mat® Coir

TEC-Mat® Coir is a natural coconut fibre matting,

manufactured to form an open natural structure. They are

spun and woven to an open weave geotextile that is fully

biodegradable, adding organic matter to the soil. When

vegetated, it has the mechanical strength necessary to

hold soil in place and prevent erosion.

TEC Mat® Coir has double the life of TEC Mat Jute and

higher tensile strength than organic geotextiles with

longevity around 3-5 years. It allows ample time for natural

vegetation to establish and stabilise the area. It’s suited for

preventing and controlling erosion, even on steep slopes.

TEC Mat® Jute

TEC Mat® Jute is 100% organic and used to protect soils

in areas exposed to wind or high rainfall or prevent soil

losses due to run off on newly constructed cuttings or

embankments. As it moulds to the ground, it allows the

product to reduce moisture loss from the soil that aids the

growth of plants.

It can be found in several different grades, where heavier

grades are used as weed suppressants. Lighter grades

provide an ideal option for seed germination, as it protects

the soil from erosion while still allowing the seeds to grow

through the matting.

TEC Mat® Jute Mesh

TEC Mat® Jute Mesh is a biodegradable open weave

erosion control mesh suitable for short term erosion

protection to batters and open drains. It helps retain

moisture and allows water and light infiltration to

encourage vegetation growth.

EcoLogs®

EcoLogs® are coir logs made from 100% natural coconut

fibre compacted into an outer mesh of bristle coir twine.

Biological, ecological and engineering aspects of erosion

control are incorporated into the design, producing a

structure, that when vegetated, controls shoreline and

streambank erosion.

They are fully biodegradable within 5-10 years, and as

plant root develops, they can become the stabilising

element, with the coir logs finally decomposing into a

natural medium that promotes growth.

TerraMat® Grass

TerraMat® Grass is a lightweight, three-dimensional

erosion mat with a similar appearance on both sides.

It is designed to provide permanent erosion control

of soil and to reinforce the root system of grasses and

vegetation for areas such as slopes, river banks, channels

and other erosion prone areas.

It is made from uniformly distributed 100%

polypropylene synthetic UV stabilised fibres needle

punched together onto a reinforcing scrim. It can be

installed within the soil just below the surface or can be

placed at the surface and hydromulched.

PERMANENT EROSION

31


TERRAM GrassProtecta®

TERRAM GrassProtecta® is a heavy duty, thick, slip

resistant polyethylene grid. It is used to reinforce

and protect grassed surfaces prone to wear, rutting

and smearing which would otherwise result in a

muddy surface incapable of withstanding vehicular or

pedestrian applications.

The reinforcement mesh has been developed with

an oscillated mesh structure which is designed to

increase traction and improve slip resistance by up to

97% compared to standard straight oriented meshes.

Available in standard heavy grades, GrassProtecta® is

suitable for varying needs.

PERMANENT EROSION

TerraMat®

TerraMat® is a three-dimensional anti-erosion mat

consisting of entangled polypropylene monofilament

fibres that are heat bonded to provide a dimensionally

stable matrix to control soil erosion.

A lightweight, three-dimensional erosion mat with a

similar appearance on both sides, TerraMat® is designed

to provide permanent erosion control of soil and

reinforce the root system of grasses and vegetation

for areas such as embankment slopes, river banks,

channels, coastal and other erosion prone areas. It can

be installed within the soil just below surface or can be

placed at the surface and hydro-mulched to act as a

protection layer.

TERRAM TurfProtecta®

TERRAM TurfProtecta® is an extruded polyethylene mesh

which is tough, flexible and long lasting. Supplied in two

grades (standard and heavy) depending on the application.

It can be effectively employed over stable ground by

simply unrolling and fixing adjacent and successive

lengths.

The sward grows through the mesh apertures and knits

with the filaments to create a strong discretely reinforced

surface which is capable of withstanding vehicle loads. The

grass can be mown, rolled and fertilised as usual during

this period and the mesh soon becomes unobtrusive.

TERRAM Bodpave 85

TERRAM Bodpave 85 resists lateral movement, improves

traction and allows expansion and contraction whilst

promoting optimum grass growth, root protection and

surface stabilisation. The open cell structure provides high

surface water infiltration and is suitable for source control.

It is perfect for reinforcing grassed surfaces that are prone

to rutting and becoming muddy in wet weather. The

paving grids act as a perfect gravel retention system, which

allows a free-draining reinforced road or driveway, and a

surface which keeps the angular stones within it.

33


Tubex® Tree Guards

Tubex® have been at the forefront of shelter development

since the first research into tree shelters came into fruition

in the early 1980’s. The products are known for quality,

and are produced with a specific knowledge of each

sector.

Tree Guards protect the plants from browsing animals and

are specially designed to provide the right solution to the

plant’s needs with intent to improve the establishment of

young plants.

Polyfabrics offers three specialised tubes:

SHELTERGUARD

Shelterguard is the most popular shelter and is designed

to blend subtly into the natural environment. It gives the

benefits of enhanced growth through the microclimate

and allows the plant to acclimatise to the outside

environment. Welded to 12mm square mesh is a very

fine Polythylene film which starts to degrade after roughly

3 growing seasons, to gradually expose the plant to the

outside environment.

LANDSCAPING AND REVEGETATION

COMBIETUBE

Combietube is suitable for more exposed sites. It combines

the benefits of a solid base for improved establishment

and reliable protection. A ventilated upper section allows

the tree to acclimatise before emerging from the shelter.

VINEWRAP

Vinewrap is developed to the effective establishment of

vines and fruit trees, and allows access to the vine for

maintenance. It is a twin-walled tube that has been split

vertically, enabling it to wrap around a vine and expand

as the plant grows.

Tubex Shelterguard

35

Root Barrier

Root Barrier is designed for the protection of sub

surfaces including paved areas, water features and the

foundations of buildings and roads. They are made from

UV stabilised black medium density polyethylene and are

specially engineered to be an impermeable barrier that

deflects roots away from the protected area.

Root Barrier is a cost-effective way to prevent root and

moisture problems. It is also a solution to prevent what

could be potentially very costly tree root damage to

pavements and other infrastructure.

Plant Weed Mats

WeedStop® is made from both nonwoven geotextile and

woven geotextile depending on the weeds you are trying

to control. It is a well proven technology to help keep

weeds supressed in both domestic and commercial use,

allowing plant life to thrive.

Root Barrier

35

ACCESSORIES

TerraStop® Silt Fence

TerraStop® Silt Fence is a woven geotextile manufactured

in Europe from high quality UV resistant polypropylene

and designed to specifically reduce soil sediment run off

from building sites.

The TerraStop® Silt Fence innovatively allows water to

filter through the fabric while suspending soil particles

that settle to the ground.

TerraStop® Silt Fence also eliminates the need for a

wire mesh support for speed of installation and can be

supported by hardwood stakes or star pickets.

IDEAL USAGE

The TerraStop® Silt Fence is used to surround

building sites and stock piles to prevent soil moving

off site contaminating the surrounding areas and

stormwater system. It can be used during earthworks

and construction activities for either domestic or civil

engineering projects.

TerraStop® Site Fencing

A construction fencing option used from temporary

fencing works. It would work in partnership with star post

and pegs systems, ensuring safety in the work place.

TerraStop® Silt Fence

TerraStop® Silt Fence is a woven geotextile manufactured

in Europe from high quality UV resistant polypropylene

and designed to specifically reduce soil sediment run off

from building sites.

37

TerraStop® Silt Curtains

TerraStop® Silt Curtains, also known as Sediment Curtains

or Flotation Curtains are designed to control sediment,

algae or debris movement in waterways.

They are manufactured and designed in Australia for

Australian conditions. Silt Curtains consist of a high

visibility reinforced plastic flotation pocket, a non woven

needle punched geotextile skirt to act as the filter and

ballast pocket. Built into the bottom of the skirt is a chain

to hold it into place.

Hardwood Stakes for Advanced Trees

All hardwood wooden stakes are produced locally within

each state of Australia. We have a range of size options

available along with painted stakes upon request.

Suitable for all plantations for both domestic and

commercial use.

Hessian Sand Bags and Cloths

A great budget option for sediment control. While

doing quick construction works on your site, they are

light and durable, and easy to move around. Hessian

Cloth also available.

37

Guidance onRoad Designs

Austroads is a primary organisation in the construction of roads and

traffic management. Collectively, the members manage over 900,000km

of roads and this is the biggest community asset that is shared by Australia

and New Zealand. Austroads’ beginnings were greatly supported by the state

road bodies, Roads and Maritime Services and Queensland Main Roads Department,

which invested time and expense to remove proprietary products that were included

in highway specifications. The Roads and Maritime Services specifically also created a

document in which clear and precise guidelines on the criteria on which geotextiles were to be

used in the construction of New South Wales Highways. This initial document was called the R63

and encouraged other states to create their own guidelines. These guidelines are now nationalised for

consistency across Australasian roads. However, each road body still works independently.

Austroads aim to deliver an improved road transport network that meets the needs

of future generations. The primary factors which they focus on are safety, reliability and sustainability

of the roads. Austroads researches transport and roads before creating policies and publishing guides on the

design, construction and management of roads based on their research. These guides are adopted across all

Australasian road agencies and this is to ensure that there is a nationally consistent approach taken towards

roads in these areas. The guides also include information on new technology that is available in the transport

and road industry. Information varies based on each state, depending on the state regulations, terrain and

safety requirements. The state bodies and respective regulations and requirements per geographic

region are listed on the following page.

Main Roads

State Departments

39

HEAD OFFICE

200 Kingsgrove Road, Kingsgrove, NSW, 2208, AustraliaT +61 (0)2 9577 1800F +61 (0)2 9577 1899

NORTHERN OFFICE

Unit 13, 63 Burnside Road, Stapylton, QLD, 4207, AustraliaT +61 (0)7 3451 0500F +61 (0)7 3804 6511

SOUTHERN OFFICE

144 Northbourne Road, Campbellfield, VIC, 3061, AustraliaT +61 (0)3 9305 0300F +61 (0)3 9305 9288

SA OFFICE

126 Churchill Road North, Dry Creek, SA, 5094, AustraliaM +61 (0)432 161 180F +61 (0)3 9305 9288

WESTERN OFFICE

74-76 Sheffield Road,Welshpool, WA, 6106, AustraliaT +61 (0)8 9367 2666

www.polyfabrics.com.auOctober 2017 Edition


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