robyn fleming, metropolitan museum of art, aimee lind, getty research institute, usa no art...

No *Art* Library Left Behind: Cross-Border Resource Sharing Among Art Libraries ROBYN FLEMING, THOMAS J. WATSON LIBRARY, THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART

AIMEE LIND, GETTY RESEARCH LIBRARY

2017IFLAINTERNATIONALINTERLENDINGANDDOCUMENTSUPPLYCONFERENCE

Presentation Overview • Introduction:TheMetandGettyLibraries

• CharacteristicsUniquetoArtLibraries

• ResourceSharingAmongArtLibrariesintheUnitedStates

• ModelsforInternationalResourceSharingAmongArtLibraries

• ContinuingChallengesandPotentialSolutions


Introduction THE MET AND GETTY LIBRARIES


Art Museum Libraries in the United States “Anamplyendowed,thoroughlyconstructedartinstitution,freealikefrombunglinggovernmentofficialsandfromthecontrolofasingleindividual...;aninstitutionwhichwillcommandtheconfidenceofjudiciousfriendsofart,andespeciallyofthosewhohavemeanstostrengthenandincreaseitsvaluetothecityandtothenation,issurelyworthconsiderationinaclublikethis.”


MeetingattheUnionLeagueClubtodiscussthefoundingofanartmuseuminNewYork,1869

Thomas J. Watson Library: History • 1870:MetropolitanMuseumincorporatedforthepurpose“ofestablishingandmaintaining…amuseumandlibraryofart…”

• 1901:JacobRogersfund($5m)forartandbooks;collectingflourished


Thomas J. Watson Library: History • 1910:librarymovedtoitscurrentlocation

• DesignedbyMcKim,MeadandWhite


Thomas J. Watson Library: History • 1965:substantiallyenlargedandrenamedtheThomasJ.WatsonLibrary


Thomas J. Watson Library: The Collection • 1,000,000volumes•  21,000serialtitles•  136,000auctioncatalogs•  20,000artistfiles•  10,000volumesinRareBookcage

• 30physicallocations


Thomas J. Watson Library: The Collection • ReflectsMuseum’sencyclopedicscope(5,000yearsofartfromallcultures)

• SupportscurrentandfutureresearchactivitiesofMuseumstaff

• Corestrengths:•  Fineanddecorativearts•  Materialculture•  Armsandarmor•  Fashionandcostume•  Musicalinstruments•  Auctionandtradecatalogs•  Earlyartists’manualsandhandbooks•  Examplesoffineprinting


J. Paul Getty Trust


Getty Research Library: History • 1954:J.PaulGettyopensmuseumathisMaliburanchhouse(~2000bookcuratoriallibrary)

• 1970s:Villamuseumopens;librarygrowsto14,000titles

• 1976:Gettydies;leavesbulkofestatetoJ.PaulGettyTrust

• 1982/83:Bequestreceived;GettyResearchInstituteconceivedwithlibraryascorecomponent

• 1985:ResearchInstitute&LibraryopeninSantaMonica,CA


Getty Research Library: History • ThreeResourceCollectionsbuilt:GeneralCollections,PhotoArchive,ArchivesoftheHistoryofArt

• ScholarlyLibraries:UlrichMitteldorf,NikolausPevsner,SirEllisWaterhouse,WilhelmArntz,JeanBrown,amongothers

• 1986:over500,000items


The Getty Center • 1997:GettyResearchInstituteisunitedwithotherprograms(Museum,ConservationInstitute,Foundation)attheRichardMeier-designedGettyCenter


Getty Research Library: The Collection • Over1,400,000volumesofgeneralcollectionsbooks,serials,andauctioncatalogs

• Over50,000rarebooks

• Over15,000rareserials• Over20,000linearft(6kms)ofarchives,manuscripts,andarchitecturaldrawings

• Over22,000singleprintsanddrawingsinalbums/collections

• Over1,000collectionsofrarephotographs• Over1.8millionstudyphotographs


Getty Research Library: The Collection • Corestrengths:•  Architecturaldrawingsandmodels•  Archivesofartdealersandgalleries•  Artisticbiographiesandtreatises•  Artists’journals,letters,sketchbooks,andteachingmaterials

•  Earlyguidebooksandtravelliterature•  Emblembooks•  Festivalbooksandprints•  Librariesandpapersofnotablearthistorians,critics,artists,architects,photographers,designers,collectors,andpublicinstitutions

•  Primarymaterialsforthehistoryof19th/20thc.artistic&intellectualmovements

• Notablerecentacquisitions:•  HaraldSzeemannPapers•  M.Knoedler&Co.Records•  FrankGehryPapers


Characteristics Unique to Art Libraries


Typical Art Library Users


Archaeologists Curators

Architects Designers

ArchitecturalHistorians Fashion/CostumeHistorians

ArtCollectors FilmHistorians

ArtCritics Filmmakers

ArtDealers Historians

ArtEnthusiasts Journalists/Writers

ArtHistorians MuseumVisitors

Artists Preservationists

Conservators TourGuides

What Sets Art Libraries Apart? GENERALHUMANITIESRESEARCH

• CriticalTheory• Historiography

• Methodology

• PrimarySource/Archival/Object-based

ART-LIBRARYSPECIFIC

• Connoisseurship• Conservation/ScientificAnalysis

• Iconography/Symbols(signatures,marks,etc.)

• VisualResources:forstudyandauthentication

• ProvenanceResearch:businessofart,curatorial


Visual Resources •  Usedtostudychangesover

time

•  Importantprovenanceresearchtools


Provenance Resources •  Tracepathofanartwork

overtime

•  Helpproveownership,authorship,authenticity


Art Library Materials Albums ConservationLiterature MaterialsResearchReports

ArchaeologicalReports EmblemBooks MaterialsSamples

ArchitecturalDrawings Ephemera ModelsArt,Architecture&DesignJournals EthnographicStudies OralHistories

ArtistFiles/VerticalFiles ExhibitionCatalogues PictureCollections

ArtistMonographs Facsimiles PriceGuides

Artists’Books FestivalBooks Salons/Biennials/InternationalExpositions

AuctionCatalogues HistoricalGuidebooks&Maps Technical/TradeManuals

CataloguesRaisonnés Manuscripts VideoArt


Resource Sharing AMONG ART LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES


Types of Art Libraries ARTMUSEUMLIBRARIES•  TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt

•  ArtInstituteofChicago

INDEPENDENTARTRESEARCHINSTITUTELIBRARIES•  GettyResearchInstitute•  WinterthurLibrary

 UNIVERSITY/COLLEGEARTDEPARTMENTLIBRARIES

•  HarvardFineArtsLibrary•  CornellFineArtsLibrary

 ARTSECTIONSOFMAJORPUBLIC/GOVERNMENTLIBRARIES

•  NewYorkPublicLibrary•  SmithsonianInstitution


WorldCat and WorldShare ILL


Interlibrary Loan Fee Management (IFM) • DonotpayseparateILLfeesforeachrequest• NetborrowingandlendingfeestalliedmonthlybyOCLC

• Eliminatesstressofcurrencydifferences


SHARES Consortium • Over100researchlibrariesprimarilyfromtheUS,Canada,UK•  HoldingsinWorldCat

• 80,000ILLtransactionsperyear

• Requestsprioritizedandexpedited• LowfeesviaIFM:•  $10non-returnables•  $10returnablessamecontinent•  $30returnablesoverseas

• Highleveloftrust


SHARES Art to Art • NoILLfees• Considerlendingnon-circulating,rare,fragile,etc.items

• Flexiblere:“LibraryUseOnly”• Highestlevelsoftrust

 MEMBERS•  ArtInstituteofChicago•  BardGraduateCenter•  Sterling&FrancineClarkArtInstitute•  ClevelandMuseumofArt•  FrickCollectionArtReferenceLibrary•  GettyResearchInstitute•  MetropolitanMuseumofArt•  MuseumofFineArts,Houston•  NationalGalleryofArt•  Nelson-AtkinsMuseumofArt•  St.LouisArtMuseum•  WinterthurMuseumLibrary


ILL Borrowing at The Met and the Getty BORROWINGPOLICIES PRIMARYILLUSERS


• AnyonewithstaffIDiseligible•  TheMet:~450activeusers•  Getty:~300activeusers

• Norequestlimitperuser

• Nocostlimitperrequest

• Usersnotrequiredtoconsultlocallibrariesfirst

• ILLstaffexhaustallpossiblesourcesbeforecancelling

Curators

VisitingScholars

Conservators

Scientists

ResearchAssistants

Interns

ILL Borrowing at The Met and the Getty WATSONLIBRARYRequestsfilled:14,341(2,900/yr)*

GETTYRESEARCHLIBRARY:Requestsfilled:23,040(4,600/yr)*


ILL Lending at The Met and the Getty LENDINGPOLICIES

• CirculateviaILLinordertohaveborrowingprivileges

• “LibraryUseOnly”• Strictshippingrequirements

• Notransactionfeestoartlibraries;$20-$35or2-3IFLAtoothernon-SHARESlibraries

• Watsondeflectsrequestsfromnon-SHARESlibraries;Gettyacceptsallincomingrequests


ILL Lending at The Met and the Getty: Non-Circulating WATSONLIBRARY

•  Mostcuratorialdepartmentbooks•  Offsite(unlessSHARESlastresort)•  Auctioncatalogs•  Periodicals•  SpecialCollections

GETTYRESEARCHLIBRARY

•  SpecialCollections


BothofferscanswheneverpossibleBothdigitizebooksinthepublicdomainondemand

ILL Lending at The Met and the Getty: SHARES WATSONLIBRARYRequestsreceived:16,360(3,272/yr)RequestsfilledthroughILL:7,453(2,886/yr)

GETTYRESEARCHLIBRARY:Requestsreceived:49,167(9,833/yr)RequestsfilledthroughILL:25,527(5,505/yr)


ILL Lending at The Met and the Getty: Beyond SHARES WATSONLIBRARY GETTYRESEARCHLIBRARY:


Models for International Resource Sharing among Art Libraries


Local Art Library Initiatives: Digitization on Demand


Local Art Library Initiatives: Open Content/Open Access • GettyOpenContentProgram:over100,000images

• MetOpenAccessforScholarlyContent(OASC):over400,000images

• GettyVirtualLibrary:175backtitlespublishedbytheGetty,freelyavailableonline

• MetPublications:over1,600titlespublishedbyTheMetfreelyavailableonline•  WatsonLibrary’sMetropolitanMuseumofArtPublicationsprojectaimstoenhanceandsupplementMetPublications,with2,200titlesonlinetodate


Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: Discovery & Access • SCIPIO:SalesCatalogueIndexProject• ArtDiscoveryGroupCatalogue

• GettyResearchPortal• DigitalCicognaraProject

• PHAROS:PhotoArchivesResource

• ProvenanceProjects:•  DigitizationInitiatives•  GettyProvenanceIndexDatabases


Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: SCIPIO (1980-Present) • SalesCatalogIndexProjectInputOnline(SCIPIO)

• Databaseofrecordsfrom25USandEuropeanartlibraries

• Over300,000auctioncatalogrecordscoveringsalesfromlate16thcenturytothepresent.


Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: Art Discovery Group Catalogue (2014-Present)


• GrewoutofArtlibraries.net• Containsholdingsof46individualartlibrariesand2networks(IRISandKUBIKAT)

• Representsartlibrariesin15countrieson5continents

• http://artdiscovery.net/

Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: Getty Research Portal (2012-Present)


• Freeonlinesearchplatformforfullydigitizedarthistoricaltexts

• Currently103,168titlesfrom25institutions

• Top5contributorstodate:Gallica,Getty,Heidelberg,INHA,Met

• http://portal.getty.edu/

Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: Digital Cicognara Library (2015-Present)


• Open-accessdigitizedcopiesofbooksrepresentingthecollectionofCountLeopoldoCicognara

• 5000earlyimprintscomprisingfoundationalliteratureofartandarchaeology

• https://cicognara.org/

Collaborative Art Library Initiatives: PHAROS (2013-Present)


• Internationalconsortiumof14EuropeanandNorthAmericanarthistoricalphotoarchives

• Digitalresearchplatformprovidingaccesstotensofmillionsofphotoarchiveimagesandassociatedscholarlydocumentation

• http://pharosartresearch.org/

Provenance Initiatives: Gallery/Dealer Archives Digitization Projects


• M.Knoedler&Co.•  exhibitioncatalogs,pamphlets,andchecklists(1869-1946)•  898exhibitioncatalogs,pamphlets,checklists,andunpublishedmaterials(1869-1946)

• DuveenBrothers•  400reelsofmicrofilmand634linearfeetofrecordsfromDuveenBrothersstockdocumentation

• BrummerGallery•  16,000objectstockcards,4000addresscards,inventoryandledgers,photographs,businessandpersonalcorrespondence

Provenance Initiatives: Getty Provenance Index Databases


 Over1.7millionrecordstranscribedrecordsfrom:

•  ArchivalInventories

•  SalesCatalogues•  DealerStockBooks

•  PaymentstoArtists

•  PublicCollectionshttp://www.getty.edu/research/tools/provenance/

NetworkdiagramofagentsconnectingtheBritish,French,Dutch,andBelgianauctionmarketsfrom1801–20using230,000recordsfromtheGettyProvenanceIndex®databases.©J.PaulGettyTrustandMaximilianSchich

Continuing Challenges and Potential Solutions FOR INTERNATIONAL RESOURCE SHARING AMONG ART LIBRARIES


Continuing Challenges • Participation•  InstitutionalCulture•  FinancialBurdens•  Geography

• Shippinglogisticsandcosts

• Payment

• Copyright


Challenge: Participation RE:INSTITUTIONALCULTURE

•  Non-circulatingcollections•  “Wedon’tparticipateininternationalILL”

POTENTIALSOLUTIONS

•  Non-circulating≠non-lending•  Usetrustednetwork•  “LibraryUseOnly”


Challenge: Participation RE:FINANCIALBURDENS

•  Consortiumfees•  Transactionfees•  Shippingfees

POTENTIALSOLUTIONS

•  Tieredpricing•  Sponsorships•  Collaborativegrants


Challenge: Participation RE:GEOGRAPHY

POTENTIALSOLUTIONS:

•  Regionalarthubs?

•  ArtLibrariesDiscoveryGroupasILLconsortium?


Challenge: Shipping Logistics


Solutions: Shipping Logistics • Extensiveshippingtreatmentonlyonbooksthattrulyneedit

• Developinternationalshippingmethodsthatareconvenientandeconomical

• Digitizeondemand

• Offertopayextraifexpensiveshippingisrequired


Challenge: Payment


 “Pleasecancelthisorder.Wecannotauthorizeabanktransferfromdollarstoeurosforsuchasmallamountofmoney.”(5,53euros!)

 “Aninvoicemustbesignedandreturnedwithpaymentinpoundssterlingbeforecopiescanbemade.WedonotacceptIFLAvouchersorchequesinforeigncurrency.”

Solutions: Payment • Eliminatewiretransfers!!

• Eliminatepaymentinlocalcurrencies

• UseIFLAvouchers,Paypal,creditcards,IFM,etc.

• EliminateILLtransactionfeesaltogether?!


Challenge: Copyright  Patron: “IwanttoseeifthisissomethingdifferentthantheexhibitioninvitationthatisinWatson'scollection.”

 Library’sresponse: “Theitemyouhaverequestedcomprises1sheetfoldedtoform6pages.Thepamphletcomprisesashorttextby[author]andassuchisacompleteworkbyasingleauthorstillincopyrightin[thiscountry].Thismeansthatweareunabletosupplythecompleteworkwithoutthepermissionofthecopyrightowner.”


Solutions: Copyright • Assessrealrisk:“What’stheworstthatcouldhappen?”

• Forminternationalworkinggroupstostudypublicdomainandfairuseforlibraries

• Durationator(TulaneUniversity):http://www.limitedtimes.com/


Conclusions • Challengescanbecomeopportunitiesforcost-sharing,collaboration,oragreementonbestpractices

• Rethinkwhatitmeanstobeanon-circulatingcollection

• Collaborative,cross-border,[possibly]grant-fundedinitiativeshavemuchgreaterreachandimpactthananysingleILLtransaction


Thank you! ROBYN FLEMING: robyn.f [email protected]

AIMEE LIND: al [email protected]


robyn fleming, metropolitan museum of art, aimee lind, getty research institute, usa no *art*...

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