rocksauce - the swiss army knife of topicals

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ROCKSAUCE – The Swiss Army Knife of Topicals In recent years, the desire for an alternative method for pain relief has skyrocketed. Individuals seeking pain relief now have more options than ever before – anything from oral NSAIDs to the newly popular topical analgesics (Topicals). Topicals can come in a variety of forms ranging from gels, creams, lotions, patches, or sprays that are applied to the skin for temporary pain relief associated with muscle aches, arthritis among others. The purpose of this article is to describe the different types of topicals and how they can be used in the clinic to help your patients overcome pain and injury. Topical Background There are four types of topicals: 1. Rubefacients – They are used to increase blood flow to the area and produce a soothing sensation. Additionally, they deplete the chemical Substance P that sends pain signals to the brain. Capsaicin (derived from chili peppers) is the compound typically found in rubefacients. Brand names include ArthriCare, Capzasin, Zostrix, and Rock Sauce. 2. Anesthetics – These block pain signals in nerve endings. thus numbing the area. Benzocaine is the active ingredient in the brand names Benzodent, SensiGel, Americaine, and Blistex. 3. Analgesics – They block enzymes that produce the inflammation that causes the pain. The active ingredient is methyl salicylate, the same ingredient found in aspirin. Brand names include Bengay, Aspercreme, Rock Sauce, and Sportscreme. 4. Counterirritants – These give the skin a hot or cold sensation that creates a distraction from pain. Menthol is most typically used as the active ingredient in this class of topicals. Brand names include ChinaGel, Cramergesic (also an analgesic), BioFreeze, Tiger Balm, and Rock Sauce. There are a number of different types and brands of topicals that are widely available to the general public. Additionally, many of those listed above fall into more than one category of topicals. The question now becomes, what are the different ways to use topicals and which one should I choose to use in my clinic? Our topical of choice is Rock Sauce made by Rock Tape, USA due to its multifunctional use, strength of pain relief, and ease to use with Rock Tape. Topical Use in the Clinic The simplest way to use topicals would be to apply them directly to the skin in isolation for muscle pain and joint soreness. The majority of the different brands recommend an individual apply one milliliter per 200 square centimeters of skin area, three to four times per day. Because it can be applied directly to the skin, as opposed to an oral pain reliever, the effect is much quicker and more specific. Oral pain relievers must be digested and travel throughout the body before they can have an effect. Unlike to dangers of oral NSAIDS (i.e. stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, increased

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Page 1: RockSauce - The Swiss Army Knife of Topicals

ROCKSAUCE  –  The  Swiss  Army  Knife  of  Topicals      

In  recent  years,  the  desire  for  an  alternative  method  for  pain  relief  has  skyrocketed.    Individuals  seeking  pain  relief  now  have  more  options  than  ever  before  –  anything  from  oral  NSAIDs  to  the  newly  popular  topical  analgesics  (Topicals).    Topicals  can  come  in  a  variety  of  forms  ranging  from  gels,  creams,  lotions,  patches,  or  sprays  that  are  applied  to  the  skin  for  temporary  pain  relief  associated  with  muscle  aches,  arthritis  among  others.        The  purpose  of  this  article  is  to  describe  the  different  types  of  topicals  and  how  they  can  be  used  in  the  clinic  to  help  your  patients  overcome  pain  and  injury.        Topical  Background    There  are  four  types  of  topicals:    

1. Rubefacients  –  They  are  used  to  increase  blood  flow  to  the  area  and  produce  a  soothing  sensation.    Additionally,  they  deplete  the  chemical  Substance  P  that  sends  pain  signals  to  the  brain.    Capsaicin  (derived  from  chili  peppers)  is  the  compound  typically  found  in  rubefacients.    Brand  names  include  ArthriCare,  Capzasin,  Zostrix,  and  Rock  Sauce.  

2. Anesthetics  –  These  block  pain  signals  in  nerve  endings.  thus  numbing  the  area.  Benzocaine  is  the  active  ingredient  in  the  brand  names  Benzodent,  SensiGel,  Americaine,  and  Blistex.  

3. Analgesics  –  They  block  enzymes  that  produce  the  inflammation  that  causes  the  pain.    The  active  ingredient  is  methyl  salicylate,  the  same  ingredient  found  in  aspirin.    Brand  names  include  Bengay,  Aspercreme,  Rock  Sauce,  and  Sportscreme.  

4. Counterirritants  –  These  give  the  skin  a  hot  or  cold  sensation  that  creates  a  distraction  from  pain.    Menthol  is  most  typically  used  as  the  active  ingredient  in  this  class  of  topicals.    Brand  names  include  ChinaGel,  Cramergesic  (also  an  analgesic),  BioFreeze,  Tiger  Balm,  and  Rock  Sauce.  

 There  are  a  number  of  different  types  and  brands  of  topicals  that  are  widely  available  to  the  general  public.    Additionally,  many  of  those  listed  above  fall  into  more  than  one  category  of  topicals.    The  question  now  becomes,  what  are  the  different  ways  to  use  topicals  and  which  one  should  I  choose  to  use  in  my  clinic?      Our  topical  of  choice  is  Rock  Sauce  made  by  Rock  Tape,  USA  due  to  its  multifunctional  use,  strength  of  pain  relief,  and  ease  to  use  with  Rock  Tape.      Topical  Use  in  the  Clinic    The  simplest  way  to  use  topicals  would  be  to  apply  them  directly  to  the  skin  in  isolation  for  muscle  pain  and  joint  soreness.        The  majority  of  the  different  brands  recommend  an  individual  apply  one  milliliter  per  200  square  centimeters  of  skin  area,  three  to  four  times  per  day.    Because  it  can  be  applied  directly  to  the  skin,  as  opposed  to  an  oral  pain  reliever,  the  effect  is  much  quicker  and  more  specific.    Oral  pain  relievers  must  be  digested  and  travel  throughout  the  body  before  they  can  have  an  effect.    Unlike  to  dangers  of  oral  NSAIDS  (i.e.  stomach  ulcers,  gastrointestinal  bleeding,  increased  

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liver  enzymes,  and  risks  when  combined  with  other  medications  like  ACE  inhibitors  and  blood  thinners),  there  are  no  inherent  risks  when  topicals  are  applied.    Patients  can  use  Rock  Sauce  as  an  adjunct  to  the  care  provided  in  the  clinic  and  as  an  alternative  to  oral  medications  for  pain  relief.      Another  application  is  in  the  substitution  of  emollient  during  instrument  assisted  or  manual  soft  tissue  therapies  (i.e.  Graston®  or  ART®).    Like  traditional  emollient,  a  cream  topical  allows  for  decreased  friction  to  help  protect  the  skin  while  breaking  up  scar  tissue  underneath  it.    However,  unlike  the  usual  cocoa  butters,  topicals  offer  an  added  bonus  –  local  pain  relief  during  soft  tissue  therapies.    This  could  allow  for  greater  patient  pain  tolerance  during  soft  tissue  therapies,  allowing  for  a  slightly  more  intense  therapy  session.      Rock  Sauce  can  be  utilized  in  this  manner  and  also  provides  pain  relief  on  top  of  being  a  great  emollient.        Using  topicals  in  conjunction  with  laser  therapy  has  also  been  shown  to  be  beneficial.    Not  only  does  it  allow  for  easier  maneuvering  of  the  laser  head  along  the  patient’s  skin,  but  topicals  improve  the  anti-­‐inflammatory  effects  of  the  laser  itself.    de  Alameida,  et  al1  found  that  although  laser  therapy  decreases  inflammatory  markers  in  an  area  after  trauma,  that  effect  is  increased  when  used  with  a  topical  sodium  diclofenac  (ingredient  found  in  topical  NSAIDs).    Rock  Sauce  used  in  this  manner  makes  the  laser  therapy  more  effective  and  can  even  be  used  on  top  of  an  area  that  has  been  taped  already.        Phonophoresis  and  iontophresis  are  additional  methods  of  applications.    Both  are  used  to  enhance  the  delivery  of  the  active  ingredients  in  the  topical.    Phonophoresis  utilizes  ultrasound  to  push  the  active  ingredient  molecules  through  the  dermal  layer,  thus  facilitating  absorption.    Iontophoresis  works  in  a  very  similar  fashion,  but  using  an  electrical  field  to  push  positively  or  negatively  charged  particles  through  the  skin.    Both  phonophoresis  and  iontophoresis  allow  for  a  non-­‐invasive,  but  deeper  absorption.      Rock  Sauce  used  in  this  manner  is  very  effective  and  prepares  the  skin  for  further  modalities.        Effective  use  of  Kinesiology  tape  requires  the  clinician  to  prepare  the  skin  by  removing  dirt,  oils,  and  lotions.    The  advantage  of  using  certain  topicals,  such  as  RockSauce,  for  manual  techniques,  is  that  it  also  cleans  the  skin  at  the  same  time.    Simply  wipe  off  any  excess  Rock  Sauce  prior  to  applying  the  tape  for  better  adherence  and  improved  outcomes.        Both  competitive  athletes  and  weakened  warriors  like  to  have  the  feeling  of  warmed-­‐up  muscles  prior  to  activity.    The  use  of  warming  topicals  can  be  applied  prior  to  working  out  or  competition  to  increase  blood  flow.    In  addition,  some  athletes  like  the  feeling  of  warmed  muscles  and  makes  them  feel  like  they  can  perform  at  a  higher  level.    Athletes  have  reported  superior  outcomes  using  Rock  Sauce  compared  to  other  topicals  for  use  in  this  manner.        It  is  clear  to  see  there  are  a  vast  number  of  methods  of  application  for  topical  creams.    Additionally,  more  and  more  research  is  showing  their  positive  effects.    Higashi  et  al5  found  that  “menthol  has  been  reported  to  be  effective  in  relieving  pain  with  mild  to  moderate  muscle  strains.”    Zhang  et  al12  agreed  with  Higashi’s  findings  and  determined  that  “topical  application  of  menthol  gel  along  with  

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the  chiropractic  adjustment  showed  significant  reduction  in  low  back  pain.”    In  fact,  Johar  et  al6  determined  that  menthol-­‐based  topicals  were  “more  effective  than  ice  for  relieving  soreness  associated  with  DOMS  [delayed  onset  muscle  soreness]  while  at  rest  or  during  muscle  contractions…and  permitted  greater  evoked  tetanic  forces  produced  as  compared  to  ice.”    Considering  topicals  work  at  a  much  faster  rate  than  icing  it’s  possible  they  are  more  efficient  for  sprains  and  strains.        Risk  Versus  Reward    Although  a  majority  of  this  discussion  has  been  about  how  topicals  can  reduce  pain,  there  are  many  other  benefits  to  utilizing  them.    Although  overuse  of  topicals  is  possible,  it  is  very  rare.  Unlike  oral  medications  and  injections,  topicals  are  typically  made  with  naturally-­‐occuring  plant  compounds  and,  therefore,  have  a  reduced  risk  of  side  effects.    Because  topicals  are  applied  locally,  there  is  little  to  no  systemic  effects  as  there  are  with  oral  medications  that  must  travel  throughout  the  body.    Individuals  must  keep  in  mind  that  the  use  of  topicals  should  be  avoided  if  they  are  allergic  to  aspirins  as  methyl  salicylate  is  the  active  ingredient.    While  there  has  been  some  discussion  as  to  whether  some  of  the  various  ingredients  in  different  types  of  topicals  are  effective,  most  clinicians  can  agree  that  patients  respond  well  to  treatment  with  topicals.    They  are  cost-­‐efficient,  easy  to  use,  have  minimal  side  effects,  and  have  little  to  no  risk.    Moore8  concluded  that  patients  who  use  topicals  tend  to  have  increased  activities  of  daily  living,  improved  mood,  less  fatigue,  better  sleep,  better  functioning,  greater  ability  to  work,  and  an  overall  improvement  in  quality  of  life.      Rock  Sauce  is  a  superior  topical  that  can  be  used  in  many  effective  ways  by  the  clinician  and  by  the  patients/athletes.        About  the  Authors    Ed  Le  Cara,  PhD,  ATC,  CSCS  is  the  clinical  coordinator  for  SportsPlus  in  the  SF  Bay  Area,  educator,  and  on  the  medical  advisory  board  for  Rocktape.  You  can  find  more  information  about  Rocktape  at    www.rocktape.com  .  To  contact  him,  email  at  [email protected]  or  follow  on  Twitter:  @drlecara.    Every  month  Dr.  Le  Cara  hosts  a  free  Google  Hangout  on  the  basics  of  using  RockTape  for  yourself  and  your  patients.        References:    1.    Anger,  William  H.  Jr.  (February  2014).    Low-­‐Concentration  Topical  Capsaicin  for  Chronic  

Neuropathic  Pain  in  Adults.  Cochrane  Review,  18  (1):  123  –  124.    2.    Austin,  Nicholas  &  Kordik,  Emily.  Topical  Analgesics  in  Contact  Sports.  Retrieved  February  4,  

2014  from  www.ptproductsonline.com/all-­‐news/15926-­‐topical-­‐analgesics-­‐in-­‐contact-­‐sports  

 3.      Australian  Department  for  Better  Health.  (October  2011).  Medications  –  Non-­‐Steroidal  Anti-­‐

Inflammatory  Drugs.  Retrieved March 5, 2014, from http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Medications_non-­‐steroidal_anti-­‐inflammatory_drugs

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 4.    de  Alameida,  Patricia;  Lopes-­‐Martins,  Alvaro;  Silva  Tomazoni,  Shaiane;  et  al.  (2013).  Low-­‐level  

laser  therapy  and  soid  diclofenac  in  acute  inflammatory  response  induced  by  skeletal  muscle  trauma:  effects  in  muscle  morphology  and  mRNA  gene  expression  of  inflammatory  markers.  Photochemistry  and  Photobiology,  98:  501  –  507.  

 5.    Harkin,  R.  What  is  a  Topical  Analgesic?  Retrieved  February  4,  2014  from  

www.wisegeek.com/what-­‐is-­‐a-­‐topical-­‐analgesic.htm    6.    Higashi,  Y.,  Kuichi,  T,  Furuta,  K.  (2010).  Efficacy  and  Safety  profile  of  topical  methyl  salicylate  and  

menthol  patch  in  adult  patients  with  mild  to  moderate  muscle  strain:  a  randomized,  double-­‐blind,  parallel-­‐group,  placebo-­‐controlled,  multicenter  study.    Clinical  Therapy,  32:  34  –  43.      

 7.    Johar,  Pramod;  Grover,  Varun;  Topp,  Robert;  Behm,  David  G.  (June  2012).  A  comparison  of  

topical  menthol  to  ice  on  pain,  evoked  tetanic  and  voluntary  force  during  delayed  onset  muscle  soreness.  International  Journal  of  Sports  Physical  Therapy,  7  (3):  314  –  322.    

 8.    McQuay,  Henry  J.;  Derry,  Sheena;  Eccleston,  Christopher;  Wiffen,  Phillip;  Moore,  R.  Andrew.  

(2012).    Evidence  for  analgesic  effect  in  acute  pain  –  50  years  in.  Pain,  153:  1364  –  1367.      9.    Moore,  R.  Andrew.  (2013).  What  works  for  whom?  Determining  the  efficacy  and  harm  of  

treatments  for  pain.  Pain,  154:  S77  –  S86.      10.    Peppin,  John  F.  &  Pappagallo,  M.  (2014).  Capsaicinoids  in  the  treatment  of  neuropathic  pain:  a  

review.  Therapeutic  Advances  in  Neurologic  Disorders,  7  (1):  22  –  32.    11.    RockTape.  RockSauce  +  RockTape  =  Complete  Recovery.  Retrieved  February  4,  2014  from  

www.RockTape.com/products/sauce    12.    Quinn,  Elizabeth.  (2013).  Sports  Creams  and  Gels  –  Sports  creams  can  be  safe  and  effective  when  

used  in  moderation.  Retrieved  February  4,  2014  from  www.sportsmedicine.about.com/od/medicationanddrugs/a/sports_creams.htm  

 13.    Zhang,  J,  Enix,  D,  Snyder,  B,  Giggey,  K,  Tepe,  R.  (2008).  Effects  of  Biofreeze  and  chiropractic  

adjustments  on  acute  low  back  pain:  a  pilot  study.  Journal  of  Chiropractic  Medicine,  7  (2);  59  –  65.