roger hudson
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TRANSCRIPT
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web 2.0 &universal desig
n
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Introduction
• From then to now• Layers of change• Accessible for whom? • Web 2.0 and accessibility• What is Universal Design?• Looking to the future
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1. From then to now
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1989 - a vintage year• Ted Henson releases JAWS (Job Access
With Speech)
• Tim Berners-Lee’s original proposal for the web
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Universality and accessibility"The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect.”
Tim Berners-Lee
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WCAG 1
• May, 1999 – WCAG 1 released
• Adopted widely
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The modern web
• Inclusive/open• Collaborative• Interactive/Rich user experience• New jargon (web 2.0, mashups) • Rapid growth in online communities
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Back to the future
• The accessibility message is slipping - we seem to be going backwards
• Hostility towards legislation of accessibility - “How dare they tell us we have to do this”
• Arguments in the web community - such as the Target, Flickr and CAPTCHA
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2. Layers of change
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The PDF story
• 1993 – release of PDF 1
• Moving to the Web
• Early PDF not accessible
• Accessibility gradually improves
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The Flash story
• Demand for the “TV experience” • 1996 - Macromedia release Flash 1• Poor accessibility• 2002 - Flash MX and Player 6 released• 2002 - JAWS 4.5 released (with MSAA
support)
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The AJAX story
• 2005 - Jesse James Garret introduces AJAX• What is AJAX? • AJAX inaccessible under WCAG1• 2006 - JAWS 7.1 released with some support
for AJAX• 2008 - JAWS 8 released - better support
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Stimulus and process• Initial stimulus for PDF and Flash
• Improvements filter down
• Reflected in guidelines
• Process slow
• AJAX - process quick
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About Pace layering
• Stuart Brand introduces “Pace Layering” in his book “How Buildings Learn”
• At the core level change happens slowly
• At the surface level change happens rapidly
• Change often causes tension and friction between layers
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Pace layering - key elements• Changes that happen at one layer filter down
• Differing rates of change cause friction between layers
• The different rates of change are beneficial
"The fast parts learn, propose, and absorb shocks; the slow parts remember, integrate, and constrain. The fast parts get all the attention. The slow parts have all the power.”
Steward Brand, The Long Now Foundation
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Pace layering and the web• When considering the question of Web 2.0
accessibility, we decided to take a Pace Layering look at the development of the web.
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Pace layering and the web
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AJAX and pace layering
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AJAX and pace layering
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AJAX and pace layering
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AJAX and pace layering
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AJAX and pace layering
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Image replacement
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Image replacement
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3. Accessibility for whom?
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Web accessibility 1.0
• Vision impairment to where?
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Is Flash a valid tool?
• high impact visual websites• can be accessible • can also be used to present complex ideas in
simple ways • ideal for cognitive and learning difficulties
– http://www.trans-active.org.uk/teenz/transit/index.htm– http://www.starfall.com/
• very few websites in this area - why?
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Dissin’ Flash
• Text and non-text alternatives
• Who’s afraid of Flash
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Is Second Life accessible?• Not for screen reader users
• How about people with other disabilities?
• Video
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4. Web 2.0 and accessibility
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Web 2.0 accessibility
• Are we more inclusive than before?• Is it getting easier?
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Are we more inclusive?
• The web has become more inclusive in publishing - blogging, flickr, youtube, facebook, myspace
• But what about accessing this new content?
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Is it getting easier?
• Should users or applications be responsible for accessibility?
• Ideally tools/applications should carry the burden
• Flickr default alt
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5. What is universal design?
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The right model?
• Universality & Accessibility camps
• One-web?
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One site doesn’t fit all• Different disabilities – different audiences
• Text only
• Different presentation - same CONTENT
• Different content - same CONCEPT
• One site does not fit all
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Ghettos or narrow-casting• Ghettoisation
• Is “text-only” the way to go?
• The brain machine
• Narrow-casting
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6. Looking to the future
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W3C and WAI
• Limited opportunities for participation
• WCAG 2
• Last Call Draft (April 2006)
• What about people with cognitive and learning difficulties
• Baseline hostility – why?
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Pace layering done right
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Pace layering done right
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Pace layering done right
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Pace layering done right
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Pace layering done right
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Core driven change
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Core driven change
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Core driven change
?
?
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Core driven change
HTML5
Baseline
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7. Conclusion
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Thank you