S.ST HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

NAME – DEV YADAVCLASS – IX “B”ROLL NO. – 15

TOPIC – ROLE OF TWO GOVT. OR NON GOVT. INSTITUTIONS IN

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

NIDM ( NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER

MANAGAMENT )NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management), is a premier institute for training and capacity development programs for managing natural disasters in India, on a national as well as regional basis.NIDM, constituted under an Act of Parliament in 1995; was redesignated to give the present name of NIDM by the Disaster Management Act 2005 passed by President of India on 9 January 2006. NIDM also serves as international SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) and works as focus for its operation and planning.

The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, proposed with the purpose of ensuring the implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction prompted the Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, the nodal ministry for disaster management in India to establish a national centre for management and planning the control of such natural disasters in 1995.The Centre was later upgraded as the National Institute of Disaster management (NIDM) on 16th October 2003, with the transfer of the subject of disaster management to the Ministry of Home Affairs. The Institute was inaugurated by Home Minister of India on August 11, 2004.

HISTORY OF NIDM

STRUCTURE OF NIDMStructure

1. Policy Planning and Interdisciplinary issues2. Hydro-meteorological, Climate change and Environment related3. Geological disasters and engineering related issues4. Emergency response and administration related issues

Besides these, are envisaged/working:

1. Cell on Environment and Climate change2. Indo-German Cooperation Programme on Environmental Knowledge for Disaster Risk Management (EKDRM).3. Training Cell.

ORIGIN OF IRCS (INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY)

During the first World War in 1914, India had no organization for relief services to the affected soldiers, except a branch of the St. John Ambulance Association and by a Joint Committee of the British Red Cross. Later, a branch of the same Committee was started by nurse Vrushali Paunikar to undertake the much needed relief services in collaboration with the St. John Ambulance Association in aid of the soldiers as well as civilian sufferers of the horrors of that great war. A bill to constitute the Indian Red Cross Society, Independent of the British Red Cross, was introduced in the Indian Legislative Council on March 3, 1920 by Sir Claude Hill, member of the Viceroy's Executive Council who was also Chairman of the Joint War Committee in India . The Bill was passed on March 17, 1920, and became Act XV of 1920 with the assent of the Governor General on the March 20, 1920.On June 7, 1920, fifty members were formally nominated to constitute the Indian Red Cross Society and the first Managing Body was elected from among them with Sir William Malcolm Hailey as Chairman.Indian Red Cross Society has a partnership with National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, St.John Ambulance, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (IFRC), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC ), Multinational firms. Individuals and others in supporting IRCS activities. It also coordinates with Indian Government and other agencies.

EMBLEM OF IRCSA red Cross on a white background is the Emblem of Red Cross, recognized in 1864 as the distinctive sign for medical relief teams on the battle field.In the Russo-Turkish war, the Ottoman Empire used a Red Crescent in place of the Red Cross. Egypt, too, opted for the Red Crescent, while Persia chose a Red Lion on a white background. These symbols were written and accepted into the 1929 Geneva Conventions. The IRCS adopted RED CROSS as its emblem.The National Society makes use of the emblem as an indicative device in peacetime and during armed conflicts within the limits stipulated in national legislation, the regulations and its statutes only for activities consistent with the principles set out by International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.During the General Assembly and the council of Delegates in November 2005 at Geneva, Red Crystal has been adopted as another emblem for the Red Cross Red Crescent movement.

SEVEN FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF IRCS

1. Humanity : The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born of a desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavors, in its international and national capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its purpose is to protect life and health and to ensure respect for the human being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all people.2. Impartiality : It makes no discrimination as to nationally, race, rich and poor, religious beliefs, sex, class or political opinions. IRCS offers its services equally, for those who are in need. It endeavors to relieve the suffering of individuals, being solely by their needs, and to give priority to the most urgent cases of distress.3. Neutrality : In order to enjoy the confidence of all, the Movement may not take sides in hostilities or engage in controversies of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature.4. Independence : The Movement is independent. The National Societies, while auxiliaries in the humanitarian services of their governments and subject to the laws of their respective countries, must always maintain their autonomy so that they may be able at all times to act in accordance with the principles of the Movement.5. Voluntary service : It is voluntary relief movement not prompted in any manner by desire for gain.6. Unity: There can be only one Red Cross Or Red Crescent in any one country. It must be open to all. It must carry on its humanitarian work throughout its territory.7. Universality : The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in which all societies have equal status and share equal responsibilities and duties in helping each other, is worldwide.

JUNIOR RED CROSSChildren and adolescent also represent a substantial part of the membership of Red Cross for its humanitarian commitment. Young volunteers can make a significant contribution to meeting the needs of the most vulnerable people within their local communities through Red Cross programme. This has been designed to involve young people as much as possible in the movement and its activities not only as workers but also as beneficiaries, and as partners in management. The programme focuses on the following areas:Promote life and health through training and education on safety, primary health care and healthy living, Encourage community service through training and education Disseminate the seven fundamental principles of Red Cross and Red Crescent movement through activities that encourage the Red Cross ideals Promote international friendship with activities that cultivate a humanitarian spirit, Technical support in the development of youth programmes, fund-raising, identification of material and human resources.

NDRF (NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE)The National Disaster Response

Force (NDRF) is a disaster response agency under National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) created by the Ministry of Home Affairs, government of India. It was established in 2009 in Delhi, for disaster management and specialised response to natural and man-made disasters. Functioning at state and central-level under the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) based in Delhi, it consists of ten battalions of Central Armed Police Forces, including two each of the BSF, CRPF, CISF and ITBP.

HISTORY OF NDRFThe Disaster Management Act, 2005 has made the statutory provision for the constitution of the Force. Though the units of this Force were nominated in 2003, it is only after the establishment of NDMA that their training and equipping were vigorously pursued. In lieu with the Section 44 (i) of the Act that states NDRF a specialist force, the force is gradually emerging as the most visible and vibrant multi-disciplinary, multi-skilled, high-tech force of the NDMA capable of dealing with all types of natural and man-made disasters.At present, National Disaster Response Force consists of ten battalions, two each from the BSF, CRPF, two CISF and ITBP. Each battalion will provide 18 self-contained specialist search and rescue teams of 45 personnel each including engineers, technicians, electricians, dog squads and medical/paramedics. The total strength of each battalion is approximately 1,149.All the ten battalions are being equipped and trained to combat all natural disasters including four battalions in combating radiological, nuclear, biological and chemical disasters.Two more battalions have been sanctioned and will come from SSB

TRAINING OF NDRFWhile the NDRF is being trained, re-trained and equipped as a specialist force for level three disasters, it is equally important to ensure capacity building of state police personnel who are invariably the first responders in any natural or man-made disasters. To ensure this, a two-pronged strategy is being suggested to the states: firstly, to train state police personnel in the basics of disaster management and secondly, to train at least one battalion equivalent out of their state armed police units as State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) on lines of the NDRF. In addition to police personnel, the SDRFs may be constituted from existing resources of the Fire Services, Home Guards and Civil Defence. NDRF Bns and their training institutions will assist the States/UTs in this effort. The State/ UTs will also be encouraged to set up DM training facilities in their respective Police Training Colleges and include this subject in their basic and in-service courses.Till the time, 205 police personnel from 21 states of the country have been trained. Training being one of the most important attributes for an efficient force, Government of India has recognised the recommendations of the NDMA for setting up an apex National Institute of Excellence for Search and Rescue at a central place like Nagpur to provide training of trainers and to meet other national and international commitments. Also a network of ten outreach centres at the respective NDRF Bns locations are proposed to be set up.

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