romantic!period!!182021900!...

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Lecture Notes Music 110 Owen J. Lee day 122 Romantic Period 18201900 Romantic larger than life, glorification of the ego, exaggeration, the bizarre, mysterious, the heroic. Beethoven: Symphony No. 3 “Eroica” – the symphony that broke the bonds of classical restraint. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MC8LjoIaS4g Napoleon Crossing the Alps, JacquesLouis David Society & Musicians Noble Courts disbanded orchestras due the costs of revolution and war all musicians freelance. large and prosperous urban middle class (formed due to increasing industrialization) wanted music: public concerts subscription concerts established orchestras at home: the home piano, transcriptions, musical evenings music lessons, conservatories composers earned living via: their compositions, teaching, performing (some were “worshipped” as performers) journalism (music related) lucky few had patronage from wealthy music lovers (Wagner, Tchaikowsky, Sibelius)

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Page 1: Romantic!Period!!182021900! …voyager.dvc.edu/~olee/classes/110/12_2.pdfLectureNotes’+’Music’110’+’Owen’J.’Lee’+’day’12+2’! Romantic!Period!!182021900! Romantic)*)larger)than)life,)glorification)of)theego,)exaggeration,)thebizarre,)mysterious,)theheroic.)

Lecture  Notes  -­‐  Music  110  -­‐  Owen  J.  Lee  -­‐  day  12-­‐2    

Romantic  Period    1820-­‐1900  Romantic  -­‐  larger  than  life,  glorification  of  the  ego,  exaggeration,  the  bizarre,  mysterious,  the  heroic.  

Beethoven:  Symphony  No.  3  “Eroica”  –  the  symphony  that  broke  the  bonds  of  classical  restraint.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MC8LjoIaS4g  

 

 Napoleon  Crossing  the  Alps,  Jacques-­‐Louis  David  

 Society  &  Musicians  Noble  Courts  disbanded  orchestras  due  the  costs  of  revolution  and  war  -­‐  all  musicians  freelance.  large  and  prosperous  urban  middle  class  (formed  due  to  increasing  industrialization)  wanted  music:     public  concerts  -­‐  subscription  concerts  -­‐  established  orchestras     at  home:  the  home  piano,  transcriptions,  musical  evenings     music  lessons,  conservatories  composers  earned  living  via:     their  compositions,       teaching,       performing  (some  were  “worshipped”  as  performers)     journalism  (music  related)     lucky  few  had  patronage  from  wealthy  music  lovers  (Wagner,  Tchaikowsky,  Sibelius)  

Page 2: Romantic!Period!!182021900! …voyager.dvc.edu/~olee/classes/110/12_2.pdfLectureNotes’+’Music’110’+’Owen’J.’Lee’+’day’12+2’! Romantic!Period!!182021900! Romantic)*)larger)than)life,)glorification)of)theego,)exaggeration,)thebizarre,)mysterious,)theheroic.)

The  Music    <  the  influence  and  Beethoven,  the  deification  of  Beethoven  >    •   Subjective  Impressions  (in  varying  degrees)  -­‐  Individuality  -­‐  self-­‐absorbed  self-­‐expression,  autobiography  -­‐  many  works  are  about  something  specific.  -­‐  Great  diversity  of  style  -­‐  each  composer  very  distinct,  as  distinct  as  their  personalities.  -­‐  Intensity  and  freedom  of  Expression  -­‐  outpouring  of  emotional  and  spiritual  expression.  -­‐  Every  possible  human  emotion  and  state  of  being  described  with  the  subtlest  nuance  -­‐       rapturous  love,  obsessive  longing,  deep  intimacy,  monumental  adversity,  soaring  heroism,       catastrophic  defeat,  childlike  delicacy,  supernatural  fantasy,  etc.  etc.  -­‐  Each  work  creates  its  own  complete  world.  -­‐  The  physical  world  as  an  expression  of  the  human  soul.  -­‐  Music  and  literature  closely  linked.    •   Objective  Observations  Primacy  of  Lyrical  Melody  vs.  primacy  of  balance  and  structure  of  the  classical  style.  Expanded  Harmony  -­‐  chromatic  harmony  -­‐  greater  dissonance  -­‐  extreme  tension  takes  longer  to  resolve  Expanded  Tone  Color  -­‐  bigger  orchestra  -­‐  more  instruments  -­‐  the  art  of  orchestration  -­‐  piano's  iron  frame  Expanded  range  and  greater  manipulation  of  dynamics,  pitch  and  tempo  for  expressive  purposes  Form  -­‐  miniature  (piano  pieces  for  the  middle  class  home)  vs.  monumental  (public  concert  hall  or  

theater)    

 Fra  Hardanger,  Hans  Gude  (1847)  

 • Conservatives  Romantics    a  less  intense  version  of  romanticism,  a  look  back  to  balance  and  restraint  of  the  classical  style)  

 Schubert:  Symphony  No.  9:  I  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU0ekzVELg0&feature=fvwrel  

Page 3: Romantic!Period!!182021900! …voyager.dvc.edu/~olee/classes/110/12_2.pdfLectureNotes’+’Music’110’+’Owen’J.’Lee’+’day’12+2’! Romantic!Period!!182021900! Romantic)*)larger)than)life,)glorification)of)theego,)exaggeration,)thebizarre,)mysterious,)theheroic.)

 Franz  Schubert  1797-­‐1828  -­‐  composed  all  day,  performed  for  friends  in  the  evening.  Schubertiades,  lived  off  the  charity  of  his  friends.  Composed  over  600  lieder  (art  songs)  -­‐  The  Erl  King  –  Primacy  of  melody  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtjxsIXMVg8    

 The  Storm,  Pierre-­‐Auguste  Cot  

   Felix  Mendelssohn  1809-­‐1847  -­‐  born  to  well  to  do  family,  busy  career  as  a  conductor  -­‐  orchestral  color  -­‐  program  music  vs.  absolute  music  -­‐  tone  poem  -­‐  yet  restrained  expression    This  primacy  of  melody  found  its  way  to  the  solo  concerto  Mendelssohn:  Violin  Concerto  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEK_vIODM-­‐c