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The Roman Republic

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The Roman Republic

1.Expansion2.Struggle of the Orders3.conquest of Italy 4.coliseum 5.caesar 6.Institutions

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1.Constant warfare1.Defensive wars2.'Expansion by accident'

2.Conquest of Italy1.5-4 c. BC Etruscans defeated2.387 BC Gauls sack Rome

1.Rome recovers2.Romans desire buffer zone

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3.338 BC Latin League uprising put down

1.Latin League becomes Rome's first 'buffer'

4.265 BC Conquest of Italy complete

3.Punic Wars1.Fought against Carthage

1.Allied to Philip V of Macedon

2.First 264-261 BC1.Rome gains Sicily

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2.Signs peace treaty with Carthage

3.Rome then invades Corsica1. Again desire for a 'buffer'2. Fear of Carthaginian power

4.Carthaginians build up strength

1. Spanish Colonies

3.Second 218-202 BC1.Rome offers protection to

Saguntum1. Spanish city2. In Carthaginian territory

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2.Hannibal in charge of Spain1. Conquers Saguntum2. Romans demand

1. Hannibal is dismissed2. Hannibal sent to Rome

3. War is declared

3.Hannibal invades Italy1. Long march through Alps

1. Small army2. Could not besiege cities3. Relied on Spain for supplies

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2. Hannibal destroys Roman armies

3. Quintus Fabius Maximus made Dictator Absolute

4. Battle of Cannae1. Romans defeated2. Largest Roman army ever in

field5. Publius Cornelius Scipio given

imperium of Spain1. Tactically brilliant2. Conquers Spain3. Isolates Hannibal4. Invades Africa

4.Hannibal returns to Africa

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1. 202 BC Battle of Zama2. Hannibal defeated by Scipio3. Rome controls western

Mediterranean

4.Third 149-146 BC1.Carthage revives through

trade2.Romans fear a new Carthage3.Rome demands Carthage to

be abandoned4.Carthaginians refuse5.Romans sack Carthage

1. Kill or enslave all citizens

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2. Destroy city and harbour3. Sow the surrounding soil with

salt

4.Hellenistic Wars1.First Hellenistic War

1.Philip V of Macedon allies himself with Carthage

2.Rome forced to send an army east

3.Rome Demands Philip Stop Empire Building

4.Phillip refuses5.Starts Second Hellenistic War

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2.Second Hellenistic War1.200 BC Rome sends army

under Flaminus to Thessaly2.Philip defeated3.196 BC Rome declares all

Greek cities 'free'4.Antiochus invades Greece

1. Eastern 'Greek' empire

5.Antiochus defeated at Magnesia in Asia Minor in 189 BC

3.Third Hellenistic War1.Phillip V succeeded by Perseus

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2.Perseus stirs rebellion3.Rome invades Greece again4.Defeats Perseus5.Enforces strict controls6.Massive looting7.Roman treasury filled8.Roman influence extends to

the east

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1. Plebians vs Patricians1. Patricians wanted to keep

power2. Plebians wanted equality

2. 494 BC Plebians occupy Sacred Mount1. Plebians declare an alternate

government3. 450 BC Law of the Twelve

Tables1. Formalized and codified law2. Victory for the rights of citizens

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4.445 BC Plebians may marry Patricians

5.367 BC Plebians may be made Consul

6.300 BC Plebians may serve in all ranks of priesthood

7.287 BC Assembly legislation becomes binding on entire citizenry

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1.Senate1.Made up of Patricians2.Held real power

2.Assembly1.Made up from Plebians

3.Consul1.Two2.Elected for 1 Year

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3.Powers1.Head of Judiciary2.High Priest3.Head of military4.Initiated legislation

4.325 BC Proconsul introduced1.As Consuls2.Extended period of office

due to war

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5.Quaestors1.Two2.Financial officials

6.Praetor1.Initially judicial position2.Became a military post3.1 year appointment

1.Extended during war

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7.Censors1.Two2.Set taxation3.Gathered the census4.Could dismiss Senators5.Became very powerful6.Powers open to corruption