ROME

Timeline of periods and events in Roman history

753 BC

MONARCHY

Foundation of Rome

The Republic is established in Rome

REPUBLIC

509 BC

Begining of the FirstPunic War264 B.C.

Begining of the SecondPunic War218 B.C.

Begining of the ThirdPunic War149 B.C.

Ceasar starts The conquestof Gaul58 B.C.

E M P I R E

Octavian Augustus,First emperor27 B.C.

Edict of Caracalla Roman citezenshipFor all free men in the Empire212 AD

Edict of ThessalonicaEmperor Theodosius Declares Christianty the official religion of the Empire380 AD

Edict of Milan.Emperor ConstantineChristianty no longersuffers persecution313 AD

EASTEREMPIRE

WESTEREMPIRE

GERMANIC KINGDOMSMEDIEVAL CHRISTIANKINGDOM

Fall ofThe WesternRoman Empire476 AD

1453 AD

BYZANCE

End of the EasternRoman Empire

Justinian

THE EMPIRE JULIO-CLAUDIA DINASTY

NERÓ

CLAUDIUS

CALIGULA

TIBERIUS

OCTAVIAN AUGUSTUS

The Pax Romana• The Pax Romana( Roman Peace)• Is the period between the first and second Century AD,

when the Roman Empire reached its maximun expansion and enjoyed peace inside its frontiers.

• Romans conquered although they introduced Romanisation: Towns, Latin Language and Roads

VESPASIAN AND TITUS FLAVIA DINASTY

TRAJAN Y ADRIAN

Both are country menOurs were born in Italica

MARCUS AURELIUS Y COMMODUS

DIOCLECIANUS Y CONSTANTINE

WITH THIS SIGN YOU CONQUER

FRAGMENTATION OF THE EMPIRE IN 395

THEODOSIUS

HONORIUS ARCADIUS

The crisis of the third century

• Political crisisThe Roman legions suffered

their first defeats by the barbarians.

• Economic crisisThe conquest ended there were

fewer slaves to work. The empire became poorer.

• Social crisisTaxes increased and this caused

migration from the towns to the country.

THE END OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE

Atila king of the huns

ODOACRE, LEADER OF THE HERULI , PUT AND END TO THE WESTERN ROMAN IN 476

The economy

• The Roman economy was built on slaves; It was based mainly on the generalised use of slaves to work both in agricultural as well as urban activities

Farming: Mediterranean cropThe mining and craftsCraftwork and Commercial activity

Roman Society• There were two groups:• The citizens: When the plebeians were

given the same political rights as the patrician, social division was based on wealth.

• The non citizen:• Conquered population• Foreigners.• Freedmen. Slaves that had been freed

by the owners( manumission)• Slaves.

Lares

PenatesManes

Roman gods and worship

Jano

Claudius as a god

Official religion

Private religion

ARCHITECTURE• The architecture was practical and

functional. They learnt to absorb influences like Greeks, and adapt them to their needs

• Materials: stone, bricks and concrete• The ceilings were flat and supported by

columns. • They also used arches and domes.

• Religious buildings: temples and tombs( catacombs)

• Public buildings:Circuses, amphitheatres, theatres and

therms

ROMAN TEMPLES

BUILDINGS FOR ENTERTAINMENT THEATRE AMPHITHEATRE

THERMS AND CIRCUS

CARACALLA’S THERMS

CIRCUS

COMMEMORATIVE BUILDINGS

CONSTANTINE’S ARCH

TRAJAN’S COLUMN

ROMAN ENGINEERING

• The Romans left roads, bridges and aqueducts, as part of their legacy

Sculpture

• Sculpture copied Greek models, but developes two new genres.

• The portrait( funerary masks for the dead very realistic)

• The historical relief( used to decorate public

buildings)

PAINTINGS AND MOSAICS• The paintings that survive are

frescoes, used to decorate the walls

of Roman Villas.• The mosaics were made with

small pieces of coloured stone and were used to decorate floors.

MOSAICS

HISPALIS…WHIT THESE STICKS

HERCULE AND JULIUS CÉSAR

AQUEDUCT OF CARMONAMÁRMOLES STREET

JULIUS CESAR

A little contest…

1 What form of government started with Augustus?2 What is Roman Peace? 3 When did the expansion of the empire end? Give three causes for it.4 Which emperor divided the Empire? Why did he do this?5 Which two groups comprised Roman society?

6 Name two Roman contributions to culture.

7 Which materials did Roman use for construction?

8 which two new types of scupture did the Romans develop?

9 What part of the house was dcorate with paintings? What part was decorate with mosaics?

Look al the illustrations and classify them:

• Sculpture, Portrait, Historical relief, Mosaic

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