Roots of DemocracyRoots of Democracy

World HistoryWorld History

CastroCastro

Island Reflection QuestionsIsland Reflection Questions If this were a true experience, If this were a true experience,

what parts of this activity do you what parts of this activity do you think would be needed (rules, think would be needed (rules, laws, rights, etc…)? Why?laws, rights, etc…)? Why?

Based on your above answer, Based on your above answer, why do you think all why do you think all nations/peoples develop some nations/peoples develop some type of government?type of government?

Island QuestionsIsland Questions Give an example during the activity when a Give an example during the activity when a

majority of the class agreed upon a majority of the class agreed upon a decision. decision.

What are some advantages and What are some advantages and disadvantages to everybody having a say in disadvantages to everybody having a say in the decision?the decision?

Give an example during the activity when Give an example during the activity when one person made decisions, or tried to one person made decisions, or tried to make decisions, for the entire class. make decisions, for the entire class.

What are some advantages and What are some advantages and disadvantages to one person making disadvantages to one person making decisions?decisions?

Two Categories of Two Categories of GovernmentGovernment

DemocracyDemocracy – Government by – Government by the people / Decisions made by the people / Decisions made by the peoplethe people

Autocracy -Autocracy - Government by Government by one person (King / Queen / one person (King / Queen / Emperor / Pharaoh)Emperor / Pharaoh)

Decision MakingDecision MakingAutocratic or Autocratic or Democratic?Democratic?Teacher decides there will be a Teacher decides there will be a

test on Fridaytest on FridayGroup of Friends decide on which Group of Friends decide on which

movie to go to by discussing movie to go to by discussing three possible movies and voting three possible movies and voting on which one they want to see.on which one they want to see.

Fast food Manager decides to Fast food Manager decides to give workers a dollar per hour give workers a dollar per hour raiseraise

Autocratic or Autocratic or Democratic?Democratic?

Parents listen to daughter complain Parents listen to daughter complain about staying out late and decide to about staying out late and decide to let child stay out 1 hour later.let child stay out 1 hour later.

Parents allow all 3 children to choose Parents allow all 3 children to choose (vote) what vacation to go on.(vote) what vacation to go on.

Mayor, elected by citizens, decides to Mayor, elected by citizens, decides to build a new city hallbuild a new city hall

Citizens voted in favor of a city tax Citizens voted in favor of a city tax measure to increase funding to measure to increase funding to schoolsschools

Autocratic Autocratic AdvantagesAdvantages

EfficientEfficientOrderOrderChanges can Happen Changes can Happen

QuicklyQuickly

Autocratic Autocratic DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Needs a Strong LeaderNeeds a Strong LeaderDecisions may not be Decisions may not be

interest of everyoneinterest of everyoneToo much power leads to Too much power leads to

corruptioncorruption

Democratic Democratic AdvantagesAdvantages

Everyone has a sayEveryone has a sayCorruption more difficultCorruption more difficultPower too diffusePower too diffuse

Democratic Democratic DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Messy, takes timeMessy, takes timeSometimes hard to make Sometimes hard to make

difficult decisionsdifficult decisionsNeed an Educated Need an Educated

CitizenryCitizenry

Autocratic forms of Autocratic forms of GovernmentGovernment

TheocracyTheocracyMonarchyMonarchyTyrannyTyrannyOligarchyOligarchyAristocracyAristocracy

Democratic forms of Democratic forms of GovernmentGovernment

Direct DemocracyDirect DemocracyRepublicRepublicParliamentary SystemParliamentary SystemConstitutional Constitutional MonarchyMonarchy

AnarchyAnarchy

Total Lack of Total Lack of Government (State of Government (State of Nature)Nature)

No Rules, No LeadersNo Rules, No Leaders

DemocracyDemocracyRule by the masses/peopleRule by the masses/peopleNo Leader All Decisions No Leader All Decisions

made by the communitymade by the communityCreated in ancient AthensCreated in ancient AthensTrue Democracies only work True Democracies only work

in small groupsin small groups

RepublicRepublic

Rule by People’s Rule by People’s RepresentativeRepresentative

Created in Ancient RomeCreated in Ancient Rome–Senator = Senator = RepresentativeRepresentative

TheocracyTheocracyRule by ReligionRule by ReligionLeader: The Priest or Leader: The Priest or Main Religious FigureMain Religious Figure

Examples: Ancient Examples: Ancient Egypt, Modern Iran, Egypt, Modern Iran, Vatican CityVatican City

????????????????

What would be some What would be some problems with having problems with having government based on a government based on a single religion?single religion?

MonarchyMonarchy

Rule by a single leader, Rule by a single leader, typically claims Divine typically claims Divine RightRight

OligarchyOligarchy

Rule by a few Rule by a few individualsindividuals

AristocracyAristocracy

Rule by the WealthyRule by the Wealthy

Athenian DemocracyAthenian Democracy(Solon, Cliesthenese, and (Solon, Cliesthenese, and

Pericles)Pericles)

Athenian DemocracyAthenian Democracy(Solon, Cleisthenese, and (Solon, Cleisthenese, and

Pericles)Pericles)Greek LeaderGreek Leader Contribution to Contribution to

DemocracyDemocracy

SolonSolon

CliestheneseCliesthenese

PericlesPericles

SolonSolonOutlawed SlaveryOutlawed Slavery4 Classes based on Wealth not 4 Classes based on Wealth not

HeredityHeredityOnly 3 Higher classes were able Only 3 Higher classes were able

to hold public officeto hold public officeFairer code of lawsFairer code of lawsDespite reforms Athens Despite reforms Athens

continued to be an autocracycontinued to be an autocracy

CleistheneseCleistheneseReorganized AssemblyReorganized AssemblyAllowed all citizens to submit Allowed all citizens to submit

laws for debate and passagelaws for debate and passageCreated Council of 400Created Council of 400

–Advised AssemblyAdvised Assembly–Seen as Founder of Greek Seen as Founder of Greek DemocracyDemocracy

PericlesPericlesLed Athens in Golden Led Athens in Golden

Age 461-429 B.CAge 461-429 B.C–Established Direct Established Direct DemocracyDemocracy

– Increased number Increased number of public officialsof public officials

–Poorer citizens were Poorer citizens were able to participateable to participate

Greek PhilosophyGreek Philosophy Greek Thinkers Greek Thinkers

AssumptionsAssumptions– 1.Universe is orderly1.Universe is orderly– 2.People can understand 2.People can understand

order of universeorder of universe

Respect for Human Respect for Human Intelligence and Reason Intelligence and Reason allowed Democracy to allowed Democracy to flourishflourish

Aristotle vs. PlatoAristotle vs. PlatoPlatoPlato AristotleAristotle

Major WorksMajor Works

Beliefs about Beliefs about ManMan

Beliefs about Beliefs about GovernmentGovernment

Beliefs about Beliefs about democracydemocracy

Summary of Summary of Primary Primary SourceSource

PlatoPlato

““The Republic”The Republic” Rule of Philosopher KingsRule of Philosopher Kings

– Democracy = Rule of the AppetitesDemocracy = Rule of the Appetites– Aristocracy= Rule of the RichAristocracy= Rule of the Rich

AristotleAristotle

““Politics”Politics” Man is by nature politicalMan is by nature political Legitimate Government- common Legitimate Government- common

goodgood– Tyranny?, Democracy?Tyranny?, Democracy?

Constitutional GovernmentConstitutional Government

Roman RepublicRoman Republic Roman Society was Roman Society was

made of Plebians made of Plebians and Patriciansand Patricians

Rome’s RepublicRome’s Republic– SenateSenate– 2 Consuls2 Consuls– AssemblyAssembly– DictatorDictator

Roman LawRoman Law

Twelve Tables step toward fair Twelve Tables step toward fair governmentgovernment

Complied into “Justinian Code”Complied into “Justinian Code”

““government of laws not men”government of laws not men”

JudaismJudaism

Hebrew’s MonotheismHebrew’s Monotheism

-Created in God’s image, live -Created in God’s image, live moral livesmoral lives

- “Divine Spark”- “Divine Spark”

- God Given Rights, Freedom- God Given Rights, Freedom

- 10 Commandments- 10 Commandments

- Ethical vs. Legal Code- Ethical vs. Legal Code

ChristianityChristianity

Jesus of NazarethJesus of Nazareth

- emphasized morality equality and - emphasized morality equality and compassioncompassion

- spread of Judeo-Christian ideas - spread of Judeo-Christian ideas through Roman Empirethrough Roman Empire

RenaissanceRenaissance

Renewed interest in Renewed interest in Classical CultureClassical Culture

HumanismHumanism Italian vs. Northern Italian vs. Northern

RenaissanceRenaissance Spread of Ideas Spread of Ideas

through Printing through Printing PressPress

Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci

Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci

Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci

Raphael SanzioRaphael Sanzio

Francesco PetrarchFrancesco Petrarch

Giovanni BoccaccioGiovanni Boccaccio

Niccolo MachiavelliNiccolo Machiavelli

Albrecht DurerAlbrecht Durer

Jan Van EyckJan Van Eyck

Pieter BruegelPieter Bruegel

Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius Erasmus

Thomas MoreThomas More

William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare

ReformationReformation

Martin Luther’s 95 ThesesMartin Luther’s 95 Theses– Individuality and freedom from Individuality and freedom from

ChurchChurch England’s Protestant England’s Protestant

RevolutionRevolution CalvinismCalvinism Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation

England’s Medieval England’s Medieval Democratic DevelopmentsDemocratic Developments

Henry IIHenry II– Jury SystemJury System– Common lawCommon law

King JohnKing John– Magna Carta (Great Charter)Magna Carta (Great Charter)

Contract between King and NoblesContract between King and Nobles Governance according to lawGovernance according to law Due Process of LawDue Process of Law Consent of Governed (Parliament)Consent of Governed (Parliament)

England’s Civil WarEngland’s Civil War King James I and Divine RightKing James I and Divine Right Charles I and the Petition of RightCharles I and the Petition of Right 1642- Charles tries to Arrest 1642- Charles tries to Arrest

ParliamentParliament 1642-1649 English Civil War1642-1649 English Civil War

– Royalists/Cavaliers vs. RoundheadsRoyalists/Cavaliers vs. Roundheads– 1649 Roundhead victory under Oliver 1649 Roundhead victory under Oliver

Cromwell’s LeadershipCromwell’s Leadership– 1649 Charles I Beheaded1649 Charles I Beheaded

England’s Glorious England’s Glorious RevolutionRevolution Cromwell first establishes a Cromwell first establishes a

commonwealthcommonwealth Cromwell tears up constitution and Cromwell tears up constitution and

becomes Lord Protectoratebecomes Lord Protectorate– Puritan MoralityPuritan Morality

Restoration of the Monarchy = Charles Restoration of the Monarchy = Charles IIII– Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus

Rule of James II Rule of James II William and Mary and the Glorious William and Mary and the Glorious

RevolutionRevolution– Bill of Rights, Cabinet SystemBill of Rights, Cabinet System