GEOG 352: DAY 13

Ross and Usher on the ‘Whole Economy’

HOUSEKEEPING ITEMS Any more questions in advance of the mid-

term? Today we have Rachel presenting on Chapter 7,

and Kala presenting on Chapter 6. I will present on the concept of the “whole

economy”, and then we’ll watch an episode of “Saving the Ocean” that features an example of co-managed and communal resource management.

Any brief comments on the election? How many of you voted?

I left the outlines at home (they are marked); my apologies. Any other announcements?

A BRIEF NOTE ON HAZEL HENDERSON

What would be examples of each layer?

You’ve seen this before…

THE ‘WHOLE ECONOMY’ Typically we think of the economy in fairly

narrow terms – big business (i.e. corporations), some small businesses, and a modest (and somewhat declining) role for government. Their model, first introduced in 1986, is far more nuanced.

It consists of: ·big business ·the public sector ·small business ·collectives and cooperatives ·community enterprises ·voluntary activity ·barter and skills exchanges (one could probably add here community currencies) ·mutual aid and ·household activity.

THE ‘WHOLE ECONOMY’ What would be some examples of each?

(Please read the whole chapter for a detailed description of the essential characteristics of each sector, a description which may be useful in understanding the organizational structure of the case you choose. They make the point that each category shades into others quite subtly. The book is available as an e-book at the VIU Library: David Ross and Peter Usher, From the Roots Up.)

What sectors have you participated in in the last month?

THE ‘WHOLE ECONOMY’ They also offer a matrix for classifying the

economy. First they divide it into big and small, and then into having a commercial purpose vs. a social purpose. The small and social aspects of the economy tend to be more on the informal side vs. formal side of the economy.

What would be examples of: Large and commercially-oriented

organizations? Small and commercially-oriented

organizations? Large organizations with a substantially social

purpose? Small organizations with a social purpose?

Large entities

Small entities

Commercialenterprises

Organizations With a socialpurpose

THE ‘WHOLE ECONOMY’ The advantage of the kinds of models

offered by Henderson and Ross and Usher is they broaden our perspective into all the various ways that people get their needs met, which is arguably what an economy is all about – not creating and then chasing after a panoply of desires, or making money for the sake of money, but producing sufficiency and happiness.

While our ability to meet our needs outside the formal economy has shrunken dramatically, it still exists to some degree.