rps k40 - hanging
TRANSCRIPT
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HANGING
Is a form of death by suspending the body with a ligatureround the neck the constricting force being the weight ofthe body (or a part of the body weight)
Symptoms :
- loss of power and subjective sensations- loss of conseiousness
Cause of death
a. Asphyxia by pressing the neck that fore up epiglotis and
the the root of tongue agamist the posterior wall ofpharynx and occludes air passages
b. Venous congestion by compression of jugular veins
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c. Combined Asphyxia and Venous Congestion
d. Cerebral Ischaemia (anoxia) results from pressure on
the large arteries which prevent blood from going to thebram
e. Shock, occurs from pressure on the vagus nerves or
carotid sinuses
f. Fracture or dislocation of the cervical vertebrae whichcompresses or locorates spinal cord.
Post Mortem Appearance
1. External appearance :
- Ligature- Stretched and eloggated of the neck
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- Head is always inclined to the side opposite to the
knot and the arms of the loop of ligature
- Face is usually pale and placid- Patechial haemorhages under the conjunctiva
and neck
- Pupils are usually dilated
- Tongue is drawn in or caught between the teeth orprotruded and bitten
- Saliva after found dribbling out of an angle of the
month down on the chin and chest
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2. Internal Appearance :
Subcutaneous tissue under the ligature mark is usually dry,
white and glistening
Muscles of the neck are likely to be ruptured only when
considerable violance has been used
The miner and middle coats of the carotid arteries may be
found locorated
Fracture or dislocation of the upper cervical vertebrae with
compression or laceration of the spinal cord
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STRANGULATION
Is a violent form of death which results from constricting
the neck by mean : of a ligature or by any other means
without suspending the body
It is called throttling when constriction is produced by
the pressure of the finger and palms upper the throat
SymptomsIf the windpipe is comprossed so suddenly, the
individual is rendered powerless to call for assistance,
becomes insensible and may die instantly
If the windpipe is not completely closed, the facebecomes eyanosed, bleeding from mouth, nostrils and
ears, the hands are clenched and convulsions precede
delayed death
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Cause of death :a. Asphyxia (anoxic hypoxia)
b. Cerebral isehaemia or venous congestionc. Combined asphyxia and venous congestiond. Shock due to reflex cardiac arrest
Post Mortem Appearance1. External appearance
a. Appearances on the neck
- Ligature mark :Multiple of the ligature twisted several timesobligue of the vistim has been dragged by a cordthe base of the mark usually pale with reddish and
ecehymosed margin
- marks of pressure by the thmub and the fingertips- bruise in the middle of the front of the neck if a stickor a foot is used
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b. Appearances due to asphyxiaFace is puffy and eyanosed and marked with petechiacEyes are prominent and openConjunctiva are congested and pupils are dilatedThe lips are blueBloody foam escapes from the mouth and nostrilsThe tongue is aften swallow, bruised, protruding and dark
in colour
2. Internal appearance
Extravasation of the blood into the subcutaneous tissuesunder the ligature mark or finger marks
Larynx and trachea are congested and contains trothymucus
Cartilages of the larynx or the rings of trachea may befractured
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
HANGING AND STRANGULATION
HANGING STRANGULATION
1. Mostly suicidal2. Face : Usually pale and
prechine rase
3.Saliva : dribling out ofmouth down on the chin andchest
4.Nock : Strecthed andelongated in fresh bodies
5.Bleeding from nose, mouthand cars very rare
6.External sign of asphyxiausually not well marked
Mostly Homicidal 1
Face : Congested and 2
marked with plechiae
Saliva : no such dribling 3
Neck : net so 4
Bleeding from nose, mouth 5and ours maybe found
External signs of asphyxia, 6
very well marked (minimal
if death due to vasovagal and
carotid sinus effect)
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HANGING STRANGULATION
7. Ligature mark : obligue, noncontinuous placed high upin the neck between chin
and larynose
8. Abrasions and ecchymosesround about the edges of the
ligature mark : rare9. Subeutaneous tissues under
the mark : white, hard and
glistening
10.Injury to the museles of theneck : rare
11.Corolid arteries : internalcoats ruptured in violens
casses of a long drop
Ligature mark : horizontal 7
or transverse continous,round the neck, below the
thyroid
Common 8
Ecchymosed 9
Common 10
Corotid arteries, internal 11
Coats ordinarily ruptured
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HANGING STRANGULATION
12.Fracture of the learyna andtreachen very rare and thattoo in judicial hanging
13.Fracture discolation of thecorvical vertabrae :
common in judicialhanging
14.Seratches, abrasions andbruises on the fase, neck
and other parts of the body
usually not present
15.No evidance of sexualassuale
16.Emphysomartous bullet onthe surface of the longs :not present
Often found also tyoidbene 12
Rare 13
Usually present 14
Sometimes evidones of 15
several assnult
May be present 16