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R&S®ARDRONIS-IAutomatic reliable detection and identification of radio-controlled microdrones

ARDRONIS-I_bro_en_3607-4993-12_v0200.indd 1 27.09.2016 15:17:38

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The R&S®ARDRONIS automatic radio-controlled drone identification solution is a comprehensive solution with specialized capabilities for detecting, identifying, classifying, direction finding, recording and disrupting the remote control link to a microdrone. The solution is optimized for countering the threats arising from radio-controlled (RC) microdrones. Through successful trials, deployments with key customers, involvement in protecting various important and public events as well as VIP persons, R&S®ARDRONIS has proven to be an effective technical approach. With this product, Rohde & Schwarz has established a global benchmark in counter-drone solutions.

R&S®ARDRONIS-IAt a glance

trols and microdrones. Effective countermeasures can be deployed in time to counter and prevent a radio-controlled microdrone from entering a defined area by disrupting the radiocommunications link.

The capabilities and key functionalities of R&S®ARDRONIS include identification, direction finding and countermea-sures for threats imposed by radio-controlled microdrones. These functionalities are categorized in four packages: ❙ R&S®ARDRONIS Detection (R&S®ARDRONIS-I) ❙ R&S®ARDRONIS Direction (R&S®ARDRONIS-D) ❙ R&S®ARDRONIS Disruption (R&S®ARDRONIS-R) ❙ R&S®ARDRONIS Protection (R&S®ARDRONIS-P)

As part of the R&S®ARDRONIS solution, R&S®ARDRONIS-I effectively and reliably detects remote control signals in the shortest possible time.

Key facts ❙ Effective RC drone monitoring: detection based on the radiocommunications link, ensuring high reliability and low false alarm rate

❙ Early warning: very fast response solution to detect radio-controlled microdrones even before take-off

❙ Full-spectrum awareness: complete detection list of all RC drones categorized as threats in a defined area

❙ Fully automatic integrated workflow: easy-to-use GUI and fully integrated operation concept. Automatic and immediate trigger alarm and notification in case of threats

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Open interfaces, extendable threat library

Situational awareness Early warning

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Signal disruption

Detection, identification, direction finding

Data recording

R&S®ARDRONIS – The big pictureR&S®ARDRONIS is a reliable approach to effectively detect and monitor drone activity and achieve early warning ca-pability. It meets the challenge of identifying the direction of operators by finding the direction of active remote con-

Complete overview of R&S®ARDRONIS key features and capabilities


Rohde & Schwarz R&S®ARDRONIS-I 3

R&S®ARDRONIS-IBenefits and key features

Robust signal classification even in congested signal environments ❙ Reliable separation of various drone remote controls ❙ Powerful classifier, accurate measurement of technical parameters ▷ page 12

Highly automated workflow ❙ Easy-to-use GUI increases the efficiency of the operational workflow

❙ Reduced user workload due to automatic processing workflow ▷ page 13

Open interfaces and extensive profile database ❙ Open interface, interoperable and customizable ❙ Extendable profile database/threat library ▷ page 15

Proof finding, preservation of evidence ❙ Data recording and automatic event log capabilities ❙ Optional postprocessing with detailed technical analysis ▷ page 16

Modular design for optimum application ❙ Powerful, compact and transportable setup ❙ Plug & play concept ▷ page 17

Meet challenges of countering drones ❙ Effective drone monitoring based on RC link for robust detection

❙ Optimized solution for various applications ▷ page 4

Early warning: very fast response ❙ Immediate detection and identification ❙ Reliable identification with low false alarm rate ▷ page 7

Full-spectrum awareness of drone activities ❙ Automatic sequencer and smart search ❙ Wide detection range to effectively cover a large surveillance area ▷ page 8

Reliable detection of radio-controlled microdrones ❙ Powerful FHSS detector even with a very short hop length

❙ Automatic identification with predefined profiles ❙ Automatic threat notification/alarm triggering ▷ page 11

Packages Type FunctionalityIdentification Direction finding Countermeasure

R&S®ARDRONIS Detection R&S®ARDRONIS-I ● – –

R&S®ARDRONIS Direction 1) R&S®ARDRONIS-D ● ● –

R&S®ARDRONIS Disruption 2) R&S®ARDRONIS-R ● – ●

R&S®ARDRONIS Protection 2) R&S®ARDRONIS-P ● ● ●

1) Planned availability Q4 2016.2) Planned availability Q2 2017.


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Meet challenges of countering dronesMicrodrones are easily available and represent a new threat to the security system. Detection of these radio-controlled drones is an important criteria for maintening safety. R&S®ARDRONIS-I is an effective tool to reliably detect and automatically alarm against RC drones by intercepting the radiocommunications link.

Effective drone monitoring based on RC link for robust detectionDrone monitoring based on radiocommunications links has proven to be the most feasible and reliable technical approach for countering threats posed by drones. R&S®ARDRONIS-I focuses on radio-controlled microdrones, more than 90 % of which operate in the ISM bands. The ISM bands are the range of the radio spec-trum reserved internationally for the use of RF energy for industrial, scientific and medical purposes (in contrast to telecommunications, which include e.g. Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.15.4-ZigBee, audio and video broadcasting, microwave and remote control).

The relevant frequency bands are: ❙ ISM band: 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz ❙ Modified band: User-configurable frequency range ❙ Rarely used band: 433 MHz

R&S®ARDRONIS-I monitors the radio controls by covering all relevant frequency bands used by modern drones.

Detection of the radiocommunications links covers: ❙ Remote control of drones (uplink) ❙ Telemetry and video data (downlink), the drones’ return channel

Protection of public events.



Frequency hopping and spread spectrum transmission systems (i.e. FHSS/DSSS) in most modern drones re-duce the impact of interference, which makes detection and monitoring a challenge. R&S®ARDRONIS-I quickly and reliably identifies the emitted radio control links of microdrones with different FHSS/DSSS transmission sys-tems (e.g. HOTT, FASST, M-Link, DSMX). Video data is normally streamed on ISM bands (i.e. 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz), either Wi-Fi or analog PAL/NTSC; this will be intercepted and displayed to the operator.

Optimized solution for various applicationsCommercial microdrones have heightened the interest in threat countering. Increased development of automated object detection and cost reduction have rapidly expanded the use of UAV technology in civilian and commercial fields. The rising number of affordable civilian drones ca-pable of carrying payloads of some 100 g up to a few kg leads to an emerging threat for critical infrastructures, VIPs and public events. These threats range from simple disturbances (privacy) and spying to severe harm ( terrorist attacks). More than 300 000 drones are sold worldwide every month. Global spending in the commercial drone market is expected to exceed all expectations.

R&S®ARDRONIS-I meets the tremendous demand for radio-controlled drone monitoring by providing a reliable solution to counter threats imposed by drones early on. It effectively achieves full-spectrum area awareness. The solution also supports law enforcement, for example coun-tering cross-border smuggling. Typical applications where R&S®ARDRONIS-I can be deployed include: ❙ Airport security ❙ Protection of political and public events (i.e. political summit meetings, VIP events, crowded festivals)

❙ Industrial facilities (i.e. high-tech industries, IP protection companies, private buildings)

❙ Governmental facilities ❙ Critical infrastructures and sensitive sites ❙ Protection of sport venues (i.e. stadiums, indoor arenas)

Protection of race track/test track.

Protection of critical infrastructures.

Protection of sport arenas.



Early warning: very fast response

Immediate detection and identificationTiming is crucial in drone monitoring because microdrone threats commence within a very short time. R&S®ARDRONIS-I detects the remote control link as soon as it is switched on and provides early warning of drone activity – i.e. before the drone becomes a threat. Radio link establishment, take-off and climb-out typically take between 20 s and 30 s, and significantly longer during a system check (steering, camera operation, video link, telemetry link, etc.).

Countermeasures can be deployed well before a drone be-comes a threat – even before the drone takes off: ❙ Remote control is turned on ❙ Radio control links will be immediately detected ❙ Automatic alarming will be triggered for fast response and early warning

❙ Any required direction finding and countermeasures can be deployed without delay

Reliable identification with low false alarm rateR&S®ARDRONIS-I offers early warning capability, which complements other approaches such as radar, electro-optical and acoustic. R&S®ARDRONIS-I does not detect false objects such as birds, kites and balloons that may be mistakenly identified as drones, which can happen with the other solutions.

R&S®ARDRONIS is therefore an ideal solution, ensuring fast response, high reliability and a low false alarm rate.

The main challenge in the field of radio-controlled drone monitoring is response time. It is essential to detect and identify targeted signals in the shortest possible time. Rohde & Schwarz offers a solution to optimally monitor radio-controlled drone activities.


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Full-spectrum awareness of drone activities

Automatic sequencer and smart searchFor effective monitoring of wide frequency ranges, users can benefit from the two distinctive algorithms: ❙ Automatic sequencer 1): automatic monitoring of a list of (predefinable) frequency bands to continuously step through and check all relevant frequency bands used by commercially available radio-controlled microdrones (e.g. 433 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz); extendable frequency list if required 2)

❙ Smart search: signal detection in the congested ISM band, detecting frequency-hopping, short-time emissions is especially challenging; automatically finding the best analysis window (i.e. 5 MHz realtime bandwidth with the R&S®EB500 monitoring receiver) for ideal detection and identification

Both algorithms deliver a complete overview of all active radio-controlled drones in the area covered by the moni-toring stations.

1) Planned availability Q3 2016.2) Reception quality depends on the availability of a suitable antenna for the

frequency range(s) of interest.

Full-spectrum awareness means having a holistic perception of all activity within an area of interest, enabling realtime decision-making based on changed environmental factors. R&S®ARDRONIS-I improves full-spectrum awareness by detecting RC signals of interest as early as possible and providing an overview of all detected remote control signals in the monitored area. This includes an indication of the RC drone type and an update of RC signal activities.


R&S®ARDRONIS-I

approx. 1 km

Detection area


Wide detection range to effectively cover a large surveillance areaThanks to the high-performance, state-of-the-art Rohde & Schwarz monitoring receivers, R&S®ARDRONIS-I covers a wide detection area. Under optimal conditions (i.e. in a line-of-sight environment), it is nominally at least equal to the distance covered by the RC link and depends on the remote control`s transmitting power. Environmen-tal factors such as multipath propagation and fading can adversely affect the detection coverage. With a normal RC device transmitting power of 100 mW (EU standard), the distance between the remote control and the drone is about 1 km. With a higher transmitting power and/or high-gain antennas, the coverage can typically be up to 3 km.

Map for detection area

The exact range depends on the topography and RF environment.



Reliable detection of radio-controlled microdrones

Automatic identification with predefined profilesProfiles of radio-controlled drones’ transmission systems with relevant technical parameters can be predefined. Any specific type of radio control link is then identified via the optimized drone profile matching. The technical param-eters of the link will be identified and matched against a library of known remote controls. The identification result can be sorted into three main categories: ❙ Black list (i.e. threat) ❙ White list (i.e. own drones) ❙ Unnamed (i.e. new/unknown drones)

Any given scenario may contain frequency agile radio links used for legitimate purposes that pose no threat. The pres-ence of such links complicates the detection of RC links that may indicate a genuine threat. The use of profiles enables reliable classification, analysis and extraction of RC links from among other hopping devices, even in the congested ISM band. One’s own operational drones can be defined under a white list and will not be displayed as a threat. Radio control signals with unknown profiles will be detected as “unnamed” and the technical signal pa-rameters will be identified. The user can easily extend the profile by including this detected radio control signal in the profile under a user-specified name.

Automatic threat notification/alarm triggeringAutomatic threat notification triggers an alarm when re-mote controls with known and/or unknown profiles are detected.

An alarm can be sent visually, acoustically, as an auto-matic/manual text message (SMS) to predefined groups of mobile phones or as an XML message via IP.

R&S®ARDRONIS-I features a powerful detector for frequency-hopping, short-time signals in the VHF/UHF and SHF frequency ranges. The detected short-time signals are automatically analyzed, sorted and matched to drone profiles.

Radio control connections to drones are monitored in or-der to detect threats within an area of interest. The target radio control links are recognized in terms of modulation and hop parameters. Monitoring of drones essentially encompasses: ❙ Detection of radio control links in the surroundings ❙ Precise measurement of the hop parameters ❙ Identification of the specific type of radio control link (i.e. drone profile matching)

❙ Separation of the targeted RC link from other signals within a dense signal scenario (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®)

Powerful FHSS detector even with a very short hop lengthWith powerful, short-time detection algorithms, R&S®ARDRONIS-I reliably detects the frequency-hopping, short-time signals used by modern RC systems. Realtime detection of such signals makes it possible to analyze hop-pers and measure hop parameters of radio links with a very short hop length.

Histograms (available in expert view) of the results pro-vide an overview of frequency agile communications in a wideband signal scenario. These histograms also offer sev-eral measurement tools to determine the types of active frequency agile transmission systems and the number of active emitters.


RC signal

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Robust signal classification even in congested signal environments

Reliable separation of various drone remote controlsR&S®ARDRONIS-I reliably separates a drone RC signal from other hopping devices even in the congested ISM band containing other communications signals. Automatic profile separation ensures that frequency agile, short-time signals are separated to determine how many transmit-ting devices are active. The separator clusters the hops by measured technical parameters such as hop length and modulation parameters. It also determines additional parameters such as coverage and time stamp. For each cluster of hops, the separator automatically matches the profiles to the estimated hop parameters. Thanks to this separation algorithm, R&S®ARDRONIS-I reliably identifies and separates an RC signal in densely occupied ISM bands (i.e. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, video device, car alarm).

Powerful classifier, accurate measurement of technical parametersShort-time emissions are analyzed to determine the rel-evant technical parameters (e.g. hop length, bandwidth, level, hop rate, modulation type) of each individual hop, enabling them to be classified. With the automatic classifi-cation result, the operator retrieves an overview of detect-ed drones and distinguishes among different RC drones with their detailed parameters (i.e. profile matching).

R&S®ARDRONIS-I excels in identifying, separating and classifying drone radio controls of interest within a wide, densely populated scenario.

Reliable RC signal identification in densely occupied ISM band (i.e. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, video device, car alarm).



Highly automated workflow

Easy-to-use GUI increases the efficiency of the operational workflowAn automatic, integrated operational workflow with a user-friendly, ergonomically designed GUI enables opera-tors with minimal technical background to use the soft-ware effectively. For experienced operators, an expert view is available to define the necessary configuration and settings.

Reduced user workload due to automatic processing workflowAutomated detection features include: ❙ Automatic stepping through all relevant frequency bands (i.e. automatic sequencer)

❙ Detection within the best analysis window (i.e. smart search) in congested signal scenarios

❙ Automatic logging/recording of evidence ❙ Creation of appropriate detection profiles

When remote controls with known and/or unknown pro-files are detected, an automatic notification of threats within a defined detection area triggers an alarm. If a video link is transmitted by the drone (e.g. via Wi-Fi, PAL), this will be intercepted and displayed to the operator.

One benefit of R&S®ARDRONIS-I is the high degree of automation that increases the efficiency of the operational workflow. The easy-to-use GUI allows fast reaction for time-critical operations. Thanks to the combination of automatic detection, identification and classification with fully automated processing of signals (i.e. automatic alarming, recording), R&S®ARDRONIS-I monitors a wide frequency range and eliminates many routine tasks for the user.

Detection: operator view.

Detection: expert view.



Open interfaces and extensive profile database

Open interface, interoperable and customizableR&S®ARDRONIS-I uses open interfaces for interoperability and flexibility. This interface allows R&S®ARDRONIS-I to be integrated into third-party solutions.

Most state-of-the-art monitoring receivers and direction finders (i.e. in receive mode) from Rohde & Schwarz can be operated with R&S®ARDRONIS-I. The interoperability con-cept makes integration into users` system solutions easy.

Extendable profile database/threat libraryR&S®ARDRONIS-I detects and identifies the FHSS con-trolled microdrones based on an extensive profile data-base (threat library). Some manufacturers of microdrones are already in the library, including Graupner, Futaba, SPEKTRUM, DJI, Turnigy, Yuneec and others. This remote control library will be continually extended.

Rohde & Schwarz continuously updates the library of known drone types and respective RC signals to make R&S®ARDRONIS-I a future-ready solution that reliably detects drones. With the suitable service level agree-ment (SLA), the user benefits from the continuous pro-file database extension and software updates from Rohde & Schwarz.

R&S®ARDRONIS-I is available as an open interface for system integrators. It can therefore be integrated into third-party solutions (e.g. EO/IR, radar, acoustic) or existing systems with minimal effort.


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Proof finding, preservation of evidence

Data recording and automatic event log capabilitiesData recording (automatic smart recording solution) and automatic event log capability allow evidence to be col-lected for legal assessment. Data recording includes recording of complete RF scenarios, event log files and video images.

R&S®ARDRONIS-I can perform wideband recording; in this case, an additional digital wideband recorder is needed to record a wideband radio scenario together with individual bursts. This information provides valuable evidence in the case of criminal prosecutions following an attempted crime. The automatic smart recording solution makes this feature easy to use.

Evidence collection is enhanced with the ability to record the detection and identification result as well as the re-mote control signal (typically including the identifier of the remote control device that was used).

Optional postprocessing with detailed technical analysisAfter radio events are detected, the remote control can be analyzed in detail. The R&S®CA100 PC-based signal analy-sis and signal processing software and the R&S®CA100IS analysis of signal scenarios in line with ITU-R SM.1600 op-tion retrieve and measure the technical signal parameters.

When providing evidence for legal assessment, data recording and automatic event log capabilities are crucial.



Modular design for optimum application

Powerful, compact and transportable setupR&S®ARDRONIS-I precisely matches users’ specific re-quirements thanks to its fully modular and configurable design. R&S®ARDRONIS-I is ideal for users interested in drone identification, i.e. monitoring of drone activity in a certain area. It is small, compact and easy to set up.

For portable use, a transport case with a compartment for the R&S®ARDRONIS-I application (i.e. antenna, receiver, notebook and accessories) is included.

Plug & play conceptThe plug & play concept quickly deploys R&S®ARDRONIS-I devices and configurations without much user in-tervention. The equipment and notebook (optional) are preconfigured (i.e. IP address, software/firmware installation).

R&S®ARDRONIS packages with tailored functionalities meet users’ specific technical requirements. The modular design enables fast configuration and provision of resources for different applications and use cases.

Configuration and setup for R&S®ARDRONIS-I. Transport case for R&S®ARDRONIS-I.


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Ordering informationR&S®ARDRONIS detectionDesignation Type Order No.

Automatic Radio-Controlled Drone Identification Solution 1)

Identification of FHSS controlled drones; consists of: ❙ R&S®EB500 monitoring receiver, R&S®EB500-FE SHF frequency range extension and R&S®EB500-PS panorama scan options

❙ R&S®ARDN R&S®ARDRONIS software for identification ❙ Test kit (an FHSS drone remote control) ❙ Accessories such as power cord and manual

R&S®ARDRONIS-I 4109.1206.02

Compulsory licensing options

Licensing of R&S®ARDRONIS Software with USB dongle R&S®ARDN-U 4109.2031.02

Licensing of R&S®ARDRONIS Software with SD card dongle R&S®ARDN-S 4109.2048.02

Licensing of R&S®ARDRONIS Software with Mini USB dongle R&S®ARDN-M 4109.2054.02

Options

Antenna for R&S®ARDRONIS Omnidirectional Antenna Set (incl. R&S®HE600 active omnidirectional receiving antenna and R&S®IN600 bias unit)

R&S®ARDN-ANT 4109.3650.02

Notebook for R&S®ARDRONIS With 15" display and SSD drive, suitable for R&S®ARDRONIS software (including accessories such as power cord and LAN cable)

R&S®ARDN-NB 4109.3709.02

Transport Case with defined compartment for: ❙ R&S®ARDRONIS-I package ❙ R&S®ARDN-ANT omnidirectional antenna set ❙ R&S®ARDN-NB notebook ❙ R&S®UMS12-H23 RG214 antenna cable

R&S®ARDN-TC1 4109.3009.02

Service Package for R&S®ARDRONIS, software update and RC drone profile database extension R&S®ARDN-SP 4109.1106.00

Recommended accessories/related products

DC Power Cable, for R&S®EB500 monitoring receiver R&S®EB500-DCC 4072.7036.00

Wooden Tripod, for the R&S®HE600 active omnidirectional receiving antenna R&S®HZ-1 0837.2310.02

Mast/Tripod Adapter, for the R&S®HE600 active omnidirectional receiving antenna R&S®KM011Z9 4095.0750.02

Plug-in-Mast, length: 6 m R&S®KM011 0273.9116.02

RG214 Antenna Cable, length: 5 m (2 × N male) R&S®UMS12-H23 3035.1283.02

RG214 Antenna Cable, length: 10 m (2 × N male) R&S®UMS12-H24 3035.1290.02

PC-Based Signal Analysis and Signal Processing Software R&S®CA100 4102.0004.02

Offline Analysis Option for R&S®CA100, in line with ITU-R SM.1600 R&S®CA100IS 4102.0210.02

1) R&S®ARDRONIS-I does not include an antenna. The R&S®ARDN-ANT omnidirectional antenna set is recommended for use with R&S®ARDRONIS-I.



Existing and suitable Rohde & Schwarz devices owned by the customer can be optimized for the R&S®ARDRONIS con-figuration by adding the appropriate software option. Please refer to the list of receivers and direction finders supported by the analysis software.

R&S®ARDRONIS softwareDesignation Type Order No.

R&S®ARDRONIS Software for Identification R&S®ARDN 4109.2002.02

Compulsory licensing options

Licensing of R&S®ARDRONIS Software with USB dongle R&S®ARDN-U 4109.2031.02

Licensing of R&S®ARDRONIS Software with SD card dongle R&S®ARDN-S 4109.2048.02

Licensing of R&S®ARDRONIS Software with Mini USB dongle R&S®ARDN-M 4109.2054.02

Note: Rohde & Schwarz licenses for R&S®ARDRONIS are stored on a dongle. In the event of a dongle being lost, stolen or misplaced, Rohde & Schwarz will not provide a replacement. All licenses stored on the missing device will have to be purchased again at full price. In the unlikely event that a dongle is corrupt or broken, it will be replaced by Rohde & Schwarz only if the defective device is returned to Rohde & Schwarz. A moderate fee will be charged for producing and sending the replacement.

The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Rohde & Schwarz is under license.

For data sheet, see PD 3607.4993.22 and www.rohde-schwarz.com

Your local Rohde & Schwarz expert will help you determine the optimum solution for your requirements.To find your nearest Rohde & Schwarz representative, visit www.sales.rohde-schwarz.com


R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG

Trade names are trademarks of the owners

PD 3607.4993.12 | Version 02.00 | September 2016 (sk)

R&S®ARDRONIS-I

Data without tolerance limits is not binding | Subject to change

© 2016 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG | 81671 Munich, Germany

Service that adds value❙ Worldwide ❙ Local and personalized❙ Customized and flexible❙ Uncompromising quality ❙ Long-term dependability

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Regional contact ❙ Europe, Africa, Middle East | +49 89 4129 12345 [email protected]

❙ North America | 1 888 TEST RSA (1 888 837 87 72) [email protected]

❙ Latin America | +1 410 910 79 88 [email protected]

❙ Asia Pacific | +65 65 13 04 88 [email protected]

❙ China | +86 800 810 82 28 | +86 400 650 58 96 [email protected]

About Rohde & SchwarzThe Rohde & Schwarz electronics group offers innovative solutions in the following business fields: test and mea-surement, broadcast and media, secure communications, cybersecurity, radiomonitoring and radiolocation. Founded more than 80 years ago, the independent company which is headquartered in Munich, Germany, has an extensive sales and service network with locations in more than 70 countries.

Sustainable product design ❙ Environmental compatibility and eco-footprint ❙ Energy efficiency and low emissions ❙ Longevity and optimized total cost of ownership

Certified Environmental Management

ISO 14001Certified Quality Management

ISO 9001

Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KGwww.rohde-schwarz.com

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