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Technical Guideline No: Page:

TGI-NDE02.00 1 of 33

Expiration:Technical GuidelineNone

SupersedesTechnical Guideline:

Revision

Nondestructive ExaminationRadiographic Film Interpretation TGI-NDE02.00 Rev. 0 1

Issuing Department: Approval: Previous Rev. Date Current Revision Date

QA/QC - Houston Gene Nikstad 5-Mar-04 15-Mar-05

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 PURPOSE OF TECHNICAL GUIDELINE........................................................................................3

2.0 TECHNICAL GUIDELINE OBJECTIVE ...........................................................................................3

3.0 SCOPE OF APPLICATION..............................................................................................................3

4.0 DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................3

5.0 METHOD (PROCESS) .................................................................................................................. 3

5.1 PROCESS OVERVIEW......................................................................................................3

5.2 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITEIS ..........................................................................................3

5.3 PROCESS DETAIL.............................................................................................................5

5.3.1 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS..........................................................................55.3.2 EVALUATION CHECKLIST ...................................................................................5

5.3.3 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE DOCUMENTATION REVIEW.............................5

5.3.4 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE VERIFICATION...................................................6

5.3.5 RADIOGRAPHIC FILM EVALUATION ................................................................13

5.3.6 RADIOGRAPH EVALUATION FORM REVIEW..................................................16

5.3.7 RADIOGRAPHIC ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA......................................................166.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................19

7.0 REPORTS ................................................................................................................ 19


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Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Page 2 of 33Nondestructive Examination Radiograph ic Film Interpretation Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

8.0 ATTACHMENTS ................................................................................................................19

Attachment 1 - Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Checklist................................. 20

Attachment 2 - Radiographic Film Review Log...............................................................21

Attachment 3 - Material Types, Group Definitions & Proper IQI Selection.....................22

Attachment 4 - Weld Reinforcement Tables...................................................................29

Attachment 5 - Location Markers Sketches....................................................................31

Attachment 6 - Radiographic Technique Sketches.........................................................32

Attachment 7 - Pipe Schedule Chart.................................Error! Bookmark not defined.


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1.0 PURPOSE OF TECHNICAL GUIDELINE

1.1 This purpose of this Technical Guideline is to provide specific instructions whenevaluating or interpreting industrial radiographs and supporting documentation forcompliance to the requirements of the applicable Codes, Standards, and ProjectSpecifications.

2.0 TECHNICAL GUIDELINE OBJECTIVE

2.1 The objective of this Technical Guideline is to satisfy all applicable requirementspertaining to ASME Section V, Article 2, for Radiographic Film Interpretation.

3.0 SCOPE OF APPLICATION

3.1 This Technical Guideline is applicable to the radiographic film evaluation andinterpretation of welds when performed by employees of Jacobs, its subsidiaries or itssubcontractors.

3.2 This Technical Guideline may be utilized for the interpretation of radiographs produced inaccordance with the requirements of ASME Section I, V, VIII and IX; ASME B31.1, andB31.3 Codes.

3.3 This Technical Guideline is intended to define the technical basis for the review ofradiographic film and its associated documentation. The ASME Code provides flexibility

in applying whichever radiographic technique, will provide the best examination results,based on the particular examination conditions encountered at the time of theexamination. Once a particular technique is applied, compliance with the requirements ofthat technique is mandatory and the film and documentation shall be verified accordingly.

4.0 DEFINITIONS

4.1 Radiographic Quality Evaluation is the review of radiographs and supportingdocumentation (Radiographic Technique Sheets and Radiographic Evaluation Forms) foressential elements relative to the radiographic technique used. The purpose of this

review is to evaluate the performance of the Radiographer with regards to compliance tothe applicable Project Specifications, Code, and Standards.

4.2 Radiographic Film Interpretationis the determination of the acceptance or rejection ofweld quality as established by the acceptance criteria of the applicable code.Radiographic interpretation shall follow the evaluation of radiographic film quality andrequired documentation as described above.

4.3 All other terms and definitions related to radiography shall be in accordance with theASME Section V, Article 2, Mandatory Appendix V and Article 30 or SE-1316.

5.0 METHOD (PROCESS)

5.1 PROCESS OVERVIEW5.1.1 The review of Radiographs and supporting documentation seeks to provide a

reasonable assurance that technique sheet/evaluation form, radiographic filmquality; weld, material and component quality all meet the requirement of thereferencing code or standard.


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5.2.1.2 Maintain the Jacobs NDE program and all Technical Guidelines forNDE methods and techniques, in compliance with all current

requirements of the latest codes or standards, including applicableaddenda.

5.2.1.3 Develop and administer written and practical examinations inaccordance with Jacobs written practice (Technical Guidelines TGI-NDE-01) for all NDE methods and techniques that the Jacobs NDEprogram consists of.

5.2.1.4 Provide training and guidance to all Jacobs NDE personnel in theexecution of their assigned duties.

5.2.1.5 Develop and administer training programs and classroom instruction,when application, for Jacobs NDE personnel, or others that mayseek such training.

5.2.1.6 Administer the requirements for annual Visual Acuity Examinationsfor all Jacobs NDE personnel.

5.2.2 QA/QC Administrative Assistant - Responsibilities shall include, but not be limitedto:

5.2.2.1 Maintaining the training, education, qualification and certificationrecords of all Jacobs NDE personnel, in a current and validatedmanner.

5.2.2.2 Maintain the NDE Experience Logs and the Visual AcuityExamination records for all Jacobs NDE personnel in a current andvalid manner.

5.2.3 The inspector reports to the QA/QC Supervisor and the Manager QA/QC. TheInspector is responsible for execution of the requirements of this TechnicalGuideline. Responsibilities shall include, but not be limited to:

5.2.3.1 Reviewing radiographs and supporting documentation forcompliance with the criteria of the referencing code or standard, andthis Technical Guideline.

5.2.3.2 Verifying the qualifications and certifications of NDE personnelengaged in performing and evaluating the NDE examination.

5.2.3.3 Verifying the acceptability of the NDE method and technique andapproval, when required by engineering and/or client specifications.

5.2.3.4 Auditing the performance of NDE examinations for compliance withthe requirements of the referencing code or standard.

5.2.3.5 Maintaining the records required by this Technical Guideline.

5.2.3.6 Maintaining current and validated Qualification and CertificationRecords.

5 2 3 7 M i t i i t d lid t d l Vi l A it E i ti


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(a) Identification, e.g., job number and/or heat number, asapplicable;

(b) The dimensional map (if used) of marker placement inaccordance with the Location Marking with a Map;

(c) Number of radiographs (exposures);

(d) X-Ray machine focal spot size or isotope physical source size;

(e) Base material type and thickness, weld thickness, and weldreinforcement thickness, as applicable;

(f) Minimum source-to-object distances;

(g) Distance from source side of object to the film at the minimumsource-to-object distance;

(h) Film manufacturer and type/designation;

(i) Number of films in each holder/cassette;

(j) Single-or double-wall exposure;

(k) Single- or double-wall viewing.

5.3.4 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE VERIFICATION

5.3.4.1 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS (IQI) OR PENETRAMETERDESIGN

(a) IQIs shall be either the hole-type or wire-type. Hole-type IQIsshall be manufactured and identified in accordance with SE-1025. Wire type IQIs shall be manufactured and identified inaccordance with SE-747. Hole-type IQIs shall consist of those inTable 1 of Attachment 3, andfor wire-type, IQIs shall consist of

those in Table 2 of Attachment 3.

5.3.4.2 GENERAL TECHNIQUE REQUIREMENTS

(a) Welds - The weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on boththe inside (where accessible) and outside shall be removed byany suitable process to such a degree that the resultingradiographic image due to any irregularities cannot mask or beconfused with the image of any discontinuity.

(b) Surface Finish - The finished surface of all butt-welded joints

may be flush with the base material or may have reasonableuniform crowns with reinforcement not to exceed that specified inthe referencing Code Section (Attachment 4) or contractrequirements, with referencing code requirements as a minimum.

(c) Radiation Source Size The radiographer shall have listed theX-Ray machine focal spot size or isotope physical source size orff ti f l t i th R di hi T h i Sh t


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(b) Exceptions to the geometric unsharpness limitations aspermitted by the referencing Code Sections are listed below:

(1) ASME Section VIII and IX - The above geometricunsharpness requirements shall be used as a guide. Finalacceptance of radiographs shall be based on the ability tosee the prescribed IQI image and the specified hole in thehole-type or the designated wire of a wire-type IQI.

(2) ASME Sect ion I and B31.1 - The above geometricunsharpness requirements shall be used as a guide and notfor the rejection of radiographs unless the geometrical

unsharpness exceeds 0.070-inch.(3) Radiographic examinations performed in accordanceASME

B31.3 shall meet the geometrical unsharpness requirementsstated in the table, above.

(c) Geometric unsharpness of radiographs shall be determined inaccordance with the following formula: Ug = Fd/D

Where: UG = Geometric unsharpness

F = source size: the maximum projected dimension of theradiating source (or effective focal spot) in the planeperpendicular to the distance D from the weld or objectbeing radiographed, inches

Note: When only the source dimensions (Diameter andLength) are provided on the technique sheet, theeffective focal spot is determined as follows

F = D2+ L2

D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object beingradiographed, inches

d = distance from source side of weld or object beingradiographed to the film, inches.

Note 1 D and d shall be determined at theapproximate center of the area of interest.

Note2 On double wall technique, the source side of

the object is dependent on the viewingtechnique as shown in Figure 1 ofAttachment 6.

5.3.4.5 IQI SELECTION

(a) Materials - IQIs shall be selected from either the same alloymaterial group or grade as identified inAt tachment 3or from an


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(b) Welds Jo ining Dissimilar Materials or Welds with DissimilarFiller Metal When the weld metal is of an alloy group or grade

that has a radiation attenuation that differs from the basematerial, the IQI material selection shall be based on the weldmetal and be in accordance with Table 3 of Attachment 3.When the density variation limitscannot be met with one IQI,and the exceptional density area(s) is at the interface of the weldmetal and the base metal, the material selection for theadditional IQIs shall be based on the base material and be inaccordance with Table 3 of At tachment 3.

(c) Sizes - The designated hole or essential wire shall be as

specified in Table 3 of Attachment 3. A thinner or thicker hole-type IQI may be substituted for any section thickness listed inTable 3 of Attachment 3, provided an equivalent IQI sensitivityis maintained.

5.3.4.6 THICKNESS OF IQI

(a) For Welds with Reinforcements , the thickness on which theIQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness (Attachment 7)plus the estimated weld reinforcement not to exceed the

maximum permitted by the referencing code and listed inAt tachment 4. Backing rings or strips are not to be consideredas part of the thickness in IQI selection. The actual measurementof the weld reinforcement is not required.

(b) For Welds without Reinforcementsthe thickness on which theIQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness. Backing ringsor strips are not considered as part of the weld thickness in IQIselection.

5.3.4.7 REQUIRED SENSITIVITY(a) Radiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient

sensitivity to display the designated hole-type IQI and the 2Thole, or the essential wire of a wire-type IQI. The radiographsshall also display the IQI identifying numbers and letters. If thedesignated hole-type IQI image and 2T hole, or essential wire,do not show on any film in a multiple film technique, but do showon composite film viewing, interpretation shall be permitted onlyby composite film viewing.

5.3.4.8 EQUIVALENT HOLE-TYPE SENSITIVITY

(a) A thinner or thicker hole-type IQI than listed in Table 3 ofAttachment 3 may be substituted, for any section thicknesslisted in Table 3 of Attachment 3, provided the equivalent orbetter IQI sensitivity, as specified in Table 4 of Attachment 3, isachieved and all other requirements for radiography are met.


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5.3.4.9 PLACEMENT OF IQI (S)

(a) Source Side IQIs -The IQIs shall be placed on the source sideof the part being examined, except for the condition described inthe Film Side IQIparagraph below.

(b) When, due to part or weld configuration or size, it is not practicalto place the IQIs on the part or weld, the IQIs may be placed ona separate block. Separate blocks shall be made of the same orradiographically similar materials (as defined in Attachment 3)and may be used to facilitate IQI positioning. There is norestriction on the separate block thickness, provided the

IQI/area-of-interest density tolerance requirements ofradiographic density are met.

(1) The IQI on the source side of the separate block shall beplaced no closer to the film than the source side of the partbeing radiographed, as shown in Figure 2 of Attachment 6.

(2) The separate block shall be placed as close as possible tothe part being radiographed.

(3) The block dimensions shall exceed the IQI dimensions such

that the outline of at least three sides of the IQI image shallbe visible on the radiograph.

(c) Film Side IQI(s) - Where inaccessibility prevents hand placingthe IQI(s) on the source side, the IQI(s) shall be placed on thefilm side in contact with the part being examined. A lead letter "F"shall be placed adjacent to or on the IQI(s), but shall not maskthe essential hole where hole-type IQIs are used or the essentialwire of a wire-type.

(d) IQI Placement for Welds- Hole-Type IQIs. The IQI(s) may beplaced adjacent to or on the weld. The identification number(s)and, when used, the lead letter "F," shall not be in the area ofinterest, except when geometric configuration makes itimpractical.

(e) IQI Placement for Welds - Wire IQIs. The IQI(s) shall be placedon the weld so that the length of the wires is perpendicular to thelength of the weld. The identification numbers and, when used,the lead letter "F" shall not be in the area of interest, except

when geometric configuration makes it impractical.

5.3.4.10 NUMBER OF IQI

(a) When one or more film holders are used for an exposure, atleast one IQI image shall appear on each radiograph except asoutlined in the Special Cases criteria, below.

(b) Multiple IQIs If the density limitation and density variation


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5.3.4.11 SPECIAL CASES

(a) For cylindrical components where the source is placed on theaxis of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs,spaced approximately 120

0 apart, are required under the

following conditions:

(1) When the complete circumference is radiographed using oneor more film holders.

(2) When a section or sections of the circumference, where thelength between the ends of the outermost sections span240

0 or more, is radiographed using one or more film

holders. Additional film locations may be required to obtainnecessary IQI spacing.

(b) For cylindrical components where the source is placed on theaxis of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs,with one placed at each end of the span of the circumferenceradiographed and one in the approximate center of the span, arerequired under the following conditions:

(1) When a section of the circumference, the length of which is

greater than 1200

and less than 2400

, is radiographed usingjust one film holder.

(2) When a section or sections of the circumference, where thelength between the ends of the outermost sections span lessthan 240

0, is radiographed using more than one film holder.

(3) Where sections of longitudinal welds adjoining thecircumferential weld are radiographed simultaneously withthe circumferential weld, an additional IQI shall be placed on

each longitudinal weld at the end of the section most remotefrom the junction with the circumferential weld beingradiographed for the cylindrical component identified above.

(c) For spherical components where the source is placed at thecenter of the component for a single exposure, at least threeIQIs, spaced approximately 120

0 apart, are required under the

following conditions:

(1) When a complete circumference is radiographed using oneor more film holders.

(2) When a section or sections of a circumference, where thelength between the ends of the outermost sections span240

0 or more, is radiographed using one or more film

holders. Additional film locations may be required to obtainnecessary IQI spacing.

(d) For spherical components where the source is placed at the


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(c ) Film Side Markers: - Film side location markers shall be usedwhen radiographing joints in curved or spherical components

whose concave side is toward the source and when the sourceto material distance is greaterthan the inside radius, as shownin sketch (d) ofAt tachment 5.

(1) As an alternate, for source side markers, film side markersmay be used when the radiograph shows coverage beyondthe location markers, as shown in sketch (e) ofAt tachment5. When this alternate method is used, it shall bedocumented on the Radiographic Technique Sheet.

(d) Either Side Markers. Location markers may be placed on eitherthe source side or film side when radiographing either curved orspherical components whose concave side is toward the sourceand the "source-to-material" distance equals the inside radius ofthe component, as shown in sketch (f) ofAt tachment 5.

(e) Double Wall Viewing - For double-wall viewing, at least onelocation marker shall be placed adjacent to the weld (or on thematerial in the area of interest) for each radiograph.

(f) Location marking with a Map - When inaccessibility or otherlimitations prevent the location of markers as stipulated forSingle Wall or Double Wall Viewing , a dimensional map of thegeometric arrangement including marker locations shallaccompany the radiographs and shall show that full coveragehas been obtained.

5.3.5 RADIOGRAPHIC FILM EVALUATION

5.3.5.1 FACILITIES FOR VIEWING OF RADIOGRAPHS

(a) The Vendors/Suppliers viewing facilities shall provide subduedbackground lighting of an intensity that will not causetroublesome reflections, shadows, or glare on the radiographthat interfere with the interpretation process. Equipment used toview radiographs for interpretation shall provide a variable lightsource sufficient for the essential IQI hole or designated wire tobe visible for the specified density range. The viewing conditionsshall be such that light from around the outer edge of theradiograph or coming through low-density portions of theradiograph does not interfere with interpretation.

5.3.5.2 DENSITOMETERSAND STEP WEDGE COMPARISON FILM

(a) Either a densitometer or a step wedge comparison film shall beprovided by Vendor/Supplier and used for judging film densityrequirements. Densitometers shall be calibrated at least every90 days during use as follows:


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(1) A step wedge calibration film, traceable to a nationalstandard step tablet and having at least 5 steps with neutral

densities from at least 1.0 through 4.0 shall be used. Thestep wedge calibration film shall have been verified withinthe last year by comparison with a national standard steptablet, unless, prior to first use, it was maintained in a lighttight and waterproof sealed package as supplied by theManufacturer. Step wedge calibration films may be usedwithout verification for one year upon opening, provided it iswithin the manufacturers stated shelf life.

(2) The densitometer manufacturers step-by-step instructions

for the operation of the densitometer shall be followed.

(3) The density steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 on thestep wedge calibration film shall be read.

(4) The densitometer is acceptable if the density readings do not

vary by more than 0.05 density units from the actual densitystated on the step wedge calibration film.

(b) Step Wedge Comparison Films - The Vendors/Suppliers stepwedge comparison films shall have been verified prior to firstuse, unless performed by the manufacturer, as follows:

(1) The density of the steps on a step wedge comparison filmshall be verified by a calibrated densitometer.

(2) The step wedge comparison film is acceptable if the densityreadings do not vary by more than 0.1 density units fromthe density stated on the step wedge comparison film.

(c) PERIODIC VERIFICATION

(1) Densitometers - Periodic calibration verification checksshall be performed as described above, at the beginning ofeach shift, after 8 hours of continuous use, or after change ofapertures, whichever comes first. The densitometer is

acceptable if the density readings are within 0.05 of thecalibration readings determined by checking the stepsclosest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 on the step wedge calibrationfilm

(2) Step Wedge Comparison Films - Verification checks shallbe performed annually per ASME Section V, Article 2paragraph T-262.2.

(c) Documentation

(1) Densitometer Calibration - Densitometer calibrationreadings required by checking the steps closest to 1.0, 2.0,3 0 d 4 0 th t d lib ti fil h ll b


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(2) Step Wedge Comparison Films Step wedge calibrationfilm verifications required by checking the steps closest to

1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 shall be documented, but the actualreadings for each step do not have to be recorded.

5.3.5.3 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT

(a) Additional equipment may be used to aid in the interpretationprocess such as a magnifying glass, steel or clear rulers ormagnifying comparator.

5.3.5.4 QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS

(a) All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or otherblemishes to the extent that they cannot mask or be confusedwith the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest of theobject being radiographed. Such blemishes include, but are notlimited to:

(1) fogging;

(2) processing defects such as streaks, water marks, orchemical stains;

(3) scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks,smudges, or tears;

(4) loss of detail due to poor screen-to-film contact;

(5) false indications due to defective screens or internal faults.

5.3.5.5 RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY

(a) Density Limitations - The transmitted film density through theradiographic image of the body of the appropriate hole-type IQI

or adjacent to the designated wire of a wire-type IQI and the areaof interest shall be 1.8 minimum for single film viewing forradiographs made with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum forradiographs made with a Gamma-ray source. For compositeviewing of multiple film exposures, each radiograph shall have aminimum density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 foreither single or composite viewing. A tolerance of 0.05 in densityis allowed for variations between densitometer readings.

(b) Density Variations - If the density of the radiograph anywhere

through the area of interest varies by more than minus 15% orplus 30%from the density through the body of the hole-type IQIor adjacent to the designated wire of a wire-type IQI, within, theminimum/maximum allowable density limitation range specifiedabove, then an additional IQI shall be used for each exceptionalarea or areas and the radiograph retaken. When calculating theallowable variation in density, the calculation may be rounded to


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Note 1: Particular close attention must be paid to the roundedindication criteria, as this code is more stringent than

other referencing codes.

Note 2: See Limitations on Radiographic Examinations forASME Sect ion IXcriteria for radiographic examinationlimitations for specific P-numbers and weldingprocesses and for applicability of acceptance criteriafor welding operators and welders who qualify onproduction welds.

(d) ASME B31.1 - Chapter VI, Paragraph 136.4.5 (A.4) and

Appendix A-250 of ASME Section I, of the BPV Code.(e) ASME B31.3 - Chapter VI, Table 341.3.2 and Section VIII, Div.

1, Appendix 4, of the BPV Code.

5.3.7.3 Elongated or Linear Indications - The following code sectionsshall be consulted for applicable elongated indications criteria:

(a) ASME Section I, Section VIII (100% Radiography), and B31.1.

(1) Indications shown on the radiographs of welds andcharacterized, as imperfections are unacceptable under thefollowing conditions.

(2) Any indication characterized as a crack, or zone ofincomplete fusion or penetration.

(3) Any other elongated indication on the radiograph, which hasa length greater than:

1/4 inch for t up to 3/4 inch;

1/3 t for t from 3/4 inch to 2-1/4 inches;

3/4 inch for t over 2-1/4 inches.

(4) Any group of aligned indications that have an aggregatelength greater than t in a length of 12t, except when thedistance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6Lwhere L is the length of the longest imperfection in thegroup.

(b) t shall be defined as follows:

(1) ASME Sect ion It is the thickness of the weld.

(2) ASME Section VIII, -t is the thickness of the weldexcluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld

joining two members having different thicknesses at theweld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a fullpenetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of theth t f th fill t h ll b i l d d i t


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7.3.7.4 ASME Section VIII (Spot Radiography)

(a) Welds in which indications are characterized as cracks or zonesof incomplete fusion or incomplete penetration shall beunacceptable.

(b) Welds in which indications are characterized as slag inclusionsor cavities shall be unacceptable if the length of any suchindication is greater than 2/3t where t is the thickness of theweld excluding any allowable reinforcement.

(c) For a butt weld joining two members having different thicknessesat the weld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full

penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throatof the fillet shall be included in t.

(d) If several indications within the above limitations exist in line, thewelds shall be judged acceptable if the sum of the longestdimensions of all such indications is not more than t in a lengthof 6t (or proportionately for radiographs shorter than 6t) and if thelongest indications considered are separated by at least 3L ofacceptable weld metal where L is the length of the longestindication.

(e) The maximum length of acceptable indications shall be 3/4 inch.Any such indications shorter than 1/4 inch shall be acceptable forany plate thickness.

7.3.7.5 ASME Section IX

(a) Welds shall be judged unacceptable when the radiographexhibits any linear imperfections in excess of the limits specifiedbelow:

(b) Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration;

(c) Any elongated slag inclusion, which has a length greater than:

1/8 inch for t up to 3/8 inch, inclusive;

1/3t for t over 3/8 inch to 2-1/4 inches, inclusive;

3/4 inch for t over 2-1/4 inches;

Where t is the thickness of the weld.

(d) Any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregatelength greater than t in a length of 12t, except when thedistance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6Lwhere L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.

7.3.7.6 Limi tations on Radiographic Examinations - Welders and weldingoperators making a groove weld using SMAW, SAW, GTAW, PAW,

d GMAW ( t h t i iti d ) bi ti f th


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(b) Test Coupon Welds

(1) The acceptance criteria for welders and weldingoperators, who qualify on test coupons, shall be per the

ASME Section IX Rounded Indication and Elongated orLinear Indication criteria.

(c) Production Welds

(1) The acceptance criteria for welding operatorswho qualifyon production welds shall be that specified in thereferencing Code Section.

(2) The acceptance criteria for welders, who qualify onproduction welds, shall be per the ASME Section IXRounded Indication and Elongated or Linear Indicationcriteria

7.3.7.7 ASME B31.3- Weld imperfections shall be evaluated in accordancewith the acceptance criteria in Chapter VI, Table 341.3.2.

6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 Jacobs NDE Written Practice, Technical Guideline TGI-NDE01.00

6.2 ASME Section I, Latest Edition and Addenda

6.3 ASME Section V, Latest Edition and Addenda

6.4 ASME Section VIII, Division 1, Latest Edition and Addenda

6.5 ASME Section IX, Latest Edition and Addenda

6.6 ASME B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes, Latest Edition and Addenda

7.0 REPORTS

7.1 The Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Checklist is not required to be retained,once the Radiographs and documentation have been dispositioned on the RadiographicFilm Interpretation Review Log.

7.2 The Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Log shall be retained as a quality controlrecord, if required by project or site policy.

7.3 The Site QA/QC Supervision or the Project QA/QC Coordinator shall be responsible formaintaining the NDE records, as required, in accordance with the specific site or projectrequirements.

8.0 ATTACHMENTS

8.1 Attachment 1 - Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Checklist

8.2 Attachment 2 - Radiographic Film Review Log

8.3 Attachment 3 - Material Types, Group Definitions & Proper IQI Selection


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ATTACHMENT 1 - RADIOGRAPHIC FILM INTERPRETATION REVIEW CHECKLIST

Report No.: Client: Job Location:

Project No.: Procedure No.: Rev. No.:

Part 1 Verify that the technique sheet includes the following, a minimum Status

Procedure Ref. Item / Requirement Acc Rej

Applicable QAManual or P.O.

The radiographic procedure employed to make the exposures shall have been reviewed and approved by Jacobs

prior to start of RT activities.

5.3.5.7 (a)Each film permanently identified with job number and or heat number, weld or weld seam ID, manufacturers

name or symbol and date of examination.

5.3.4.13 (f) The dimensional map of marker placement, when applicable

5.3.3.1 (c) Number of radiographs (exposures).

5.3.3.1 (d) X-Ray machine focal spot size or isotope physical source size.

5.3.3.1 (e) Base material type and thickness, weld thickness, and weld reinforcement thickness, as applicable.

5.3.3.1 (f) Minimum source-to-object distances.

5.3.3.1 (g) Maximum distance from source side of object to the film.

5.3.3.1 (h) & (i) Film manufacturer, type/designation and number of films in each holder/cassette

5.3.3.1 (j) & (k) Single-or double-wall exposure and Single- or double-wall viewing.

Part 2 Verify that the technique set-up used is i n accordance with ASME Code Status

5.3.4.3 (a) Ensure that the single-wall exposureis used, whenever practical

5.3.4.3 d, f, g, h Verify full coverage of the weld. Check for the proper number of exposures for each technique used

5.3.4.3 e.1 & 5.3.4.9(a)

Check for Source-Side IQIexcept, when inaccessibility prevents hand placement

5.3.4.9 (c) If film side IQI is used, verify the use of the letter F

5.3.4.4 Verify Geometric Unsharpness calculations & ensure applicable code compliance.

Attachment 3 Verify the IQI is the proper material for the weld and base metal being examined

5.3.4.6 (a) & (b) Verify the IQI is the proper size for the weld, with or without reinforcement (Table 3)

5.3.4.7 (a) & 5.3.4.8

(a)

Verify the IQI sensitivity level of the 2T hole or designated wire for all exposures and when

applicable, verify equivalent sensitivity.

5.3.4.9, 5.3.4.10 &5.3.4.11

Check for proper number of IQIs and IQI location. If separate bock is used, verify compliance withparagraphs 5.3.4.9 (b) (1), 5.3.4.9 (b) (2), and 5.3.4.9 (b) (3).

5.3.4.13 (a) Ensure that location markers are placed on the part and per paragraph 5.3.4.13 (a)

5.3.4.13 (f) Ensure the existence of map if inaccessibility prevents location marker placement.

5.3.5.5 (a) Verify density of area of interest to be within paragraph 5.3.5.5 (a), (b), and (c) limits

5.3.5.5 (b) Density of the weld area to be within -15% to +30% of IQI density. (Without Shim)

5.3.5.5 (c) Density of the weld area to be within -15% of IQI density to a max of 4.0 With Shim

Part 3 Verify that the radiographic film meets the ASME Code requirements Status

5.3.5.1 Verify acceptability of Viewing facilities and film viewer with variable light control

5.3.5.2 Check for calibrated densitometer, step wedge comparison film, & Verification log

5.3.5.4 Check film for artifacts, fogging, or other blemishes in the area of interest.

5.3.5.6 Check for excessive backscatter radiation (light B image is unacceptable)

5.3.7 Verify that each weld is dispositioned correctly per the applicable code acceptance criteria

Part 4 Verify that the radiographic evaluation meets the applicable ASME Code St t


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ATTACHMENT 2 - RADIOGRAPHIC FILM REVIEW LOG

RT Review Log No.: Client: Project No.:

RT Review Checklist No.: RT Contractor: Project Location:

RT Procedure No.: Rev. No.:

Type RT: Full Spot Random Other Radiographic Acceptance Criteria

ASME B31.1 Normal Fluid Service AWS Statically Loaded Non-Tubular ASME Section I, Appendix A-260.4

ASME B31.1 Severe Cyclic Conditions AWS Cyclically Loaded Non-Tubular ASME Section VIII, Art. 8 & App. 9-2

ASME B31.1 Category D Fluid Service AWS Tubular Connections ASME Section IX, QW-195.2

ASME B31.1 High Pressure ASME B31.3 Par. 136.4,4,B Other:

RADIOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION AND FILM REVIEW RESULTS

No. Welds Accepted: No. Welds Rejected: Re-shoots:

Pkg. # Line No. Weld # Welder Line Size Acc Rej Comments

Deficiencies Identified during Review Process:


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ATTACHMENT 3 - MATERIAL TYPES, GROUP DEFINITIONS & PROPER IQI SELECTION

1.0 Penetrameter) shall be selected from either the same alloy material group or grade as identifiedbelow or from an alloy materials group with a lower radiation absorption (lower material groupnumber) than the material being radiographed.

1.1 Material Group 03 IQI (Lowest Material Group Number):

IQI shall be made of magnesium or magnesium shall be the predominant alloyingconstituent. Use of all alloys of which magnesium is the predominant alloying

constituent. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptablefor use on welds or materials of all other group numbers if proper IQI sensitivity isobtained.

1.2 Material Group 02 IQI(Higher Group Number than 03):

IQI shall be made of aluminum or aluminum shall be the predominant alloyingconstituent. Use of all alloys of which aluminum is the predominant alloying constituent.

Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptable for use onwelds or materials of group numbers 01, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 if proper IQI sensitivity isobtained.

1.3 Material Group 01 IQI(Higher Group Number than 03 & 02):

IQI shall be made of titanium or titanium shall be the predominant alloying constituent.Use of all alloys of which titanium is the predominant alloying constituent. Acceptablealternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptable for use on welds ormaterials of group numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 if proper IQI sensitivit y is obtained.

1.4 Material Group 1 IQI(Higher Group Number than 03, 02, & 01):

IQI shall be made of carbon steel or type 300 series stainless steel. Use of all carbon

steel, all low-alloy steels, and all stainless steels. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs ofthis material group are acceptable for use on welds or materials of group numbers2, 3, 4, and 5 if proper IQI sensitivi ty is obtained.

1.5 Material Group 2 IQI(Higher Group Number than 03, 02, 01, and 1):

IQI shall be made of aluminum bronze or (Alloy No. 623) or nickel-aluminum bronze(Alloy No. 630) or equivalent. Use on all aluminum bronze and all nickel-aluminumbronze. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of th is material group are acceptable foruse on welds or materials of group numbers 3, 4, and 5 if proper IQI sensitivity is

obtained.

1.6 Material Group 3 IQI(Higher Group Number than 03, 02, 01, 1 and 2):

IQI shall be made of nickel-chromium-iron alloy (UNS No. N06600) (Inconel). Use on allnickel-chromium-iron alloy. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of th is material groupare acceptable for use on welds or materials of group numbers 4 and 5 if properIQI sensitivity is obtained


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1.8 Material Group 5 IQI(Higher Group Number than 03, 02, 01, 1, 2, 3, and 4):

IQI shall be made of bronze alloy. Use on tin bronzes including gunmetal and valvebronze, leaded tin bronzes.

Note: Material Group No. 1 IQIs are acceptable to use on welds or materials in Material GroupNumbers 2, 3, 4, and 5.

TABLE 1

HOLE-TYPE IQI DESIGNATION, THICKNESS, & HOLE DIAMETERS, in.

IQIDesignation

IQIThickness

1T HoleDiameter

2T HoleDiameter

4T HoleDiameter

5 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.040

7 0.0075 0.010 0.020 0.040

10 0.010 0.010 0.020 0.040

12 0.0125 0.0125 0.025 0.050

15 0.015 0.015 0.030 0.060

17 0.0175 0.0175 0,035 0.070

20 0.020 0.020 0.040 0.080

25 0.025 0.025 0.050 0.100

30 0.030 0.030 0.060 0.120

35 0.035 0.035 0.070 0.140

40 0.040 0.040 0.080 0.160

45 0.045 0.045 0.090 0.180

50 0.050 0.050 0.100 0.200

60 0.060 0.060 0.120 0.240

70 0.070 0.070 0.140 0.280

80 0.080 0.080 0.160 0.320

100 0.100 0.100 0.200 0.400

120 0.120 0.120 0.240 0.480

140 0.140 0.140 0.280 0.560

160 0.160 0.160 0.320 0.640


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MATERIAL TYPES, GROUP DEFINITIONS & PROPER IQI SELECTION

TABLE 2

Set A Set B

Wire Diameter, in. Wire Identify Wire Diameter, in. Wire Identify

0.0032 1 0.010 6

0.004 2 0.013 7

0.005 3 0.016 8

0.0063 4 0.020 9

0.008 5 0.025 10

0.010 6 0.032 11

Set C Set D

Wire Diameter, in. Wire Identify Wire Diameter, in. Wire Identify

0.032 11 0.100 16

0.040 12 0.126 17

0.050 13 0.160 18

0.063 14 0.200 19

0.080 15 0.250 20

0.100 16 0.320 21

(Continued on next page)


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TABLE 4

EQUIVALENT HOLE-TYPE IQI SENSITIVITY

Equivalent Hole-Type Designations

Hole-Type Designation 2T Hole1T Hole 4T Hole

10 15 5

12 17 7

15 20 10

17 25 12

20 30 15

25 35 17

30 40 20

35 50 25

40 60 30

50 70 35

60 80 40

80 120 60

100 140 70

120 160 80

160 240 120

200 280 140

(Continued on next page)

T h i l G id li TGI NDE02 00 P 27 f 33


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Technical Guideline TGI NDE02 00 Page 28 of 33


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Technical Guideline TGI NDE02 00 Page 29 of 33


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ATTACHMENT 4 - WELD REINFORCEMENT TABLES

The following tables list the maximum weld reinforcement permitted by referencing code section:

1.0 Maximum Allowable Reinforcement for ASME Section I (PW-35). The thickness of the weldreinforcement on each face shall not exceed the following:

Material NominalThickness (inches)

Circumferential JointsIn Pipe and Tube

OtherWelds

0.125 and less 0.094 0.094

0.126 to 0.188 0.125 0.094

0.189 to 0.500 0.156 0.094

0.501 to 1.000 0.188 0.094

1.001 to 2.000 0.250 0.125

2.001 to 3.000 0.156

3.001 to 4.000 0.218

4.001 to 5.000 0.250

Over 5.00 0.312

= Greater of 0.250 or 1/8 times the width of the weld in inches

2.0 Maximum Allowable Reinforcement for ASME Section VIII [UW-35 (d)]. The thickness of theweld reinforcement on each face shall not exceed the following:

Material NominalThickness (inches)

Category B & CButt Welds

OtherWelds

Less than 0.094 0.094 0.031

0.094 to 0.188 0.125 0.062

0.189 to 0.500 0.156 0.094

0.501 to 1.000 0.188 0.094

1.001 to 2.000 0.250 0.125

2.001 to 3.000 0.250 0.156

3.001 to 4.000 0.250 0.218

4 001 to 5 00o 0 250 0 250

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02 00 Page 30 of 33


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Technical Guideline TGI NDE02.00 Page 30 of 33Nondestructive Examination Radiograph ic Film Interpretation Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

4.0 Maximum Allowable Reinforcement forASME B31.1 (Table 127.4.2)

Thickness of Base Metal,(Inches)

TemperatureOver 750F

Temperatures350 to 750F

TemperaturesLess than 350F

0.125 and less 0.063 0.094 0.188

0.126 to 0.188 0.063 0.125 0.188

0.189 to 0.500 0.063 0.156 0.188

0.501 to 1.00 0.94 0.188 0.188

1.001 to 2.00 0.125 0.250 0.250

Over 2.00 0.156

= Greater of 0.250 or 1/8 times the width of the weld in inches

General Notes:

For double welded butt joint, this limitation on reinforcement given above shall applyseparately to both inside and outsidesurfaces of the joint.

For single welded but joints, the reinforcement limits given above shall apply to theoutside surface of the joint only.

The thickness of weld reinforcement shall be based on the thickness of the thinner of thematerials being joined.

The weld reinforcement thickness shall be determined from the higher of the abuttingsurfaces involved.

5.0 Maximum Allowable Reinforcement for ASME B31.3 (Table 341.3.2)

Material Thickness Max. Reinforcement

0.250 or Less 0.063

0.251 to 0.500 0.125

0.501 to 1.00 0.156

Over 1.00 0.188

General Notes:

For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurement made from the surfaces of theadjacent components; both reinforcement and internal protrusion are permitted in a weld.

For welds in aluminum alloy only, internal protrusion shall not exceed the following values:

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Page 31 of 33


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Technical Guideline TGI NDE02.00 Page 31 of 33Nondestructive Examination Radiograph ic Film Interpretation Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

ATTACHMENT 5 - LOCATION MARKERS SKETCHES


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rt film interpretation

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