rule example explanantion multiplying like bases dividing
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1 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Rules Lesson 1 β Rules of Exponents
RULE EXAMPLE EXPLANANTION
ππ β ππ = ππ+π
A) π₯2 β π₯6 = B) π₯4π¦8π₯3π¦π§2 =
When multiplying with like bases, keep the base and add the exponents.
ππ
ππ= ππβπ ππ
ππ
ππ=
1
ππβπ
π > π
A) π₯8
π₯3=
B) π₯2π¦5
π₯7π¦6=
When dividing with like bases, keep the base and subtract the exponents.
(ππ)π = πππ
A) (π₯5)3 =
Power to a Power β keep the base and multiply the exponents.
(ππ)π = ππππ
A) (π₯5π¦3)3 = B) (2π₯3π§4)4 =
Power to a Product β Raise everything in the parentheses to the power.
(π
π)
π
=ππ
ππ
A) (π₯2
π¦4)2
=
B) (3π₯4π¦5
4π₯2π¦7)3
=
Power to a Quotient β Raise everything in the parentheses to the power.
πβπ =1
ππ ππ
1
πβπ= ππ
A) π₯2π¦β3
π§β5π₯6=
B) 2π₯β4
3π¦β2 =
Change a negative exponent to a positive exponent by moving the base to either the denominator or the numerator of a fraction.
π0 = 1
A) (2π₯4)0 = B) 3π₯0π¦5 =
Any base raised to the zero power equals 1.
Never leave a NEGATIVE EXPONENT or a ZERO EXPONENT in an answer in simplest form!!!!!
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2 Examples: Simplify
1. (π₯3π¦2)(π₯4π¦4π§)
2. (3π₯3π¦)(β5π₯2π¦2)
3. π₯4π¦β5
π₯3π¦
4. (2π₯β3π¦4)
(π₯β6)(π¦β3)
5. (β3π2π2πβ4
4πβ6π4πβ8)β2
6. β(βπ₯6)(βπ₯3)2(π₯5)3
7. (β3π3π2)
3
3(ππ4)2
8. (3π2πβ5)
β2(2π2π)
4
(β6πβ4)β2(3πβ6π3)2
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3 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 1 β Rational (Fractional) Exponents
Rule for Converting to Rational & Radical Notation
ππ
π = βπππ
Write each expression in simplest radical form:
1. 21
2 2. 31
2 3. 91
2 4. 251
2
5. 71
3 6. 151
4 7. x1
2 8. yβ1
2
9. a2
2 10. (9a)1
2 11. (16x5)β1
2 12. 275
3
Write each expression in exponential form:
13. β7 14. β6 15. β84
16. β185
17. βx23 18.
1
β53 19. 2 β β15
4 20. β(3x)7
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4 Write each expression in simplest radical form β leave only one radical sign in your answer:
21. x4
7 22. 4x2
3 23. (5x)1
6
24. y2
7 β y5
7 25. 32
3 β b1
3
26. 41
9 β x2
9 β y4
9
27. 7β23 28. 3x
β1
2 29. 21
2 β a2
3 β b5
6
30. (xβ1
2 )β4
31. x1
2( 2x1
2 + x3
2) 32. (32x10)β1
5
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5 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 1 Homework SHOW ALL WORK Let a and b be real numbers and let m and n be integers.
Product of Powers Property ππ β ππ = ππ+π Negative Exponent Property πβπ =1
ππ
Power of a Power Property (ππ)π = πππ Zero Exponent Property π0 = 1
Power of a Product Property (ππ)π = ππππ Quotient of Powers Property ππ
ππ = ππβπ π β 0
Rational Exponent Property πππ = β(ππ)
π= ( βπ
π)
π Power of a Quotient (
π
π)
π=
ππ
ππ π β 0
Evaluate the expression.
1. 42 β 44
2. (5β2)3
3. 52
55
4. (3
7)
3
5. 22
2β9
6. (β9)(β9)3
Simplify the expression.
7. π6 β π3
8. (π₯5)2
9. (4π2π3)5
10. π₯8
π₯6
11. π₯5
π₯8
12. π₯6
π₯6
13. (4π3
2π4)
2
14. (23π₯2)5
15. (π₯4π¦7)β3
16. π₯11π¦10
π₯β3π¦β1
17. β3π₯β4π¦0
18. 5π₯3π¦9
20π₯2π¦β2
19. π₯5
π₯β2
20. π₯5π¦2
π₯4π¦0
21. (π₯3)0
22. (10π₯5π¦3)β3
23. π₯β1π¦
π₯π¦β2
24. (4π₯2π¦5)β2
25. 2π₯2π¦
6π₯π¦β1
26. π₯π¦9
3π¦β2β
β7π¦
21π₯5
27. 18π₯π¦
7π₯4β
7π₯5π¦2
4π¦
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6 ICM Unit 0 β Review of Algebra Lesson 2 β Factoring I. Greatest Common Factor (GCF) β if possible, always do this FIRST.
A. 24π2π β 18ππ2
B. 5π₯2π¦ β 20π₯π¦2π§ + 35π¦3π§2
C. 2π₯3π¦π§3 β 7π₯π¦5π§2
II. Difference of Squares Factoring β ππ β ππ = (π β π)(π + π) *** Always check for a GCF first!!!!
A. π₯2 β 9
B. π₯2 β 49
C. π₯2 β 36π¦2
D. 16π₯2 β 1
E. π₯2 + 25
F. β1 + π₯2
G. 24π₯5 β 54π₯π¦6
H. 4π₯2 β 64
I. π₯4 β 16
III. Sum and Difference of Cubes βSUM π3 + π3 = (π + π)(π2 β ππ + π2)
βDIFFERENCE π3 β π3 = (π β π)(π2 + ππ + π2)
*** Always check for a GCF first!!!!
A. π₯3 β 125
B. 27π₯3 β 1 C. 64π₯3 β 8π¦3
D. 32π₯3 β 500
E. β3π₯3 + 192π¦3 F. π₯3 + 1
G. β32π₯3 β 4π¦3
H. 448π₯3 + 189 I. 8π₯6 + 27π¦3
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IV. Factoring Trinomials β π₯2 + ππ₯ + π *** Always check for a GCF first!!!!
A. π₯2 + 9π₯ + 20
B. π₯2 β 7π₯ + 10
C. π₯2 + 3π₯ β 40
D. π₯2 β 3π₯ β 10
E. 2π₯2 β 8π₯ β 90
F. π₯4 β 7π₯2 + 12
V. Factoring Trinomials β π π₯2 + ππ₯ + π *** Always check for a GCF first!!!!
A. 2π₯2 + 7π₯ + 6
B. 2π₯2 β 9π₯ + 4
C. 3π₯2 + 5π₯ + 2
D. 6π₯2 β 4π₯ β 42
E. 6π₯2 + 11π₯π¦ + 4π¦2
F. 5π₯4 β 17π₯2 + 14
VI. Factoring by Grouping 1. Check for GCF 2. Group 3. GCF of each group 4. Binomial GCF.
A. π₯3 β 5π₯2 + 3π₯ β 15
B. 4π₯2 + 20π₯ β 3π₯π¦ β 15π¦
C. 3π₯3 β 6π₯2 + 15π₯ β 30
D. π₯2 + ππ β ππ₯ β ππ₯
E. π₯3 + 2π₯2 β 9π₯ β 18
F. 9π₯3 + 36π₯2 β 4π₯ β 16
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8 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 3 β Simplifying Rational Expressions
Rational Function: Quotient of 2 polynomials written in simplest form with a denominator that cannot
be equal to zero (π¬π: π+π
(πβπ)(π+π); π β π ππ β π)
A rational function is undefined when the denominator is equal to zero.
1) Factor the denominator completely. 2) Set each factor equal to zero and solve. 3) State what values make the function undefined.
Example: For what values of π₯ is the following function undefined? π(π₯) =π₯2β3π₯+2
π₯3β4π₯
1) Factor the denominator completely: 2) Set each factor equal to zero and solve: 3) State the undefined values: The function π(π) will be undefined at π =
**From this point on, we will assume that the replacement set of the variables in the fraction includes no numbers for which the denominator will be equal to zero.
Simplest Form: Answers to all fraction problems should be in simplest form. To put rational expressions in simplest form, factor everything completely (numerator and denominator) and then divide out (cross out) the common factors in the numerator and denominator.
Simplify:
1. π₯2+4π₯
π₯2β16
2. π₯2β9
(π₯+3)2
3. 3π₯3βπ₯4
2π₯3β6π₯2
4. π₯2β4π₯β5
π₯2β5π₯β6
5. π₯5β3π₯4β4π₯3
π₯3β6π₯2+8π₯
6. π₯2β8π₯+16
4βπ₯
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9 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions Simplify:
1. 2
3+
3
5
2. 7π₯
12π¦2 +4π¦
6π₯2
3. 4
π₯+5+
3π₯+7
2π₯+10
4. β5π¦
π¦2β9+
π¦
π¦2+3π¦
5. 2π₯
π₯2β25β
π₯
π₯2β10π₯+25
6. π₯β8
π₯2β6π₯+8β
π₯+6
π₯2+π₯β6
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10 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions Simplify:
1. 4π
5πβ
15π
16π
2. 7π
9πβ
63π3
35π2
3. 4π₯2π¦
15π3π3Γ·
2π₯π¦2
5ππ3
4. π₯+2
π₯+3Γ·
π₯2+π₯β12
π₯2β9
5. π₯2β3π₯β4
π₯3 βπ₯2+2π₯
2π₯β8
6. π₯β2
π₯2+5π₯β
π₯2β25
2π₯βπ₯2
Multiplying Polynomials Simplify:
1. (3π₯4π¦ + 4π₯π¦3 β 12π₯ β 5π¦ + 4)(π₯2π¦π§2)
2. (2π₯2π¦3 β π§3)(βπ₯π§8 β π₯π¦4π§2)
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11 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 3 Homework SHOW ALL WORK Simplify
1. 74
36
56
24
yx
yx 2.
105
862
x
xx 3.
152
4032
2
xx
xx
Multiply or divide (remember to factor when necessary).
4. 34
2
45
1862
2
2
xx
xx
xx
x 5.
153
20
124
12 22
x
xx
x
xx
6. 35
45
5
9
4
3
6
2
x
x
x
x 7.
6 24
9 20
5 25
3 62
x
x x
x
x
8. 7 14
4
12
2 42
3x
x
x
x
9.
3 21
3 28
5 20
2 82
x
x x
x
x
10. x x
x
x x
x
2 27 8
2 6
3 4
4 12
11.
25
35
14
10
3
4 2 2 3
xy
x y
xy
x y
Add or Subtract.
1. 4
1
8
3
x 2.
5
7
306
2
xx
3. x
x
3
4
12
7 4.
158
2
3
32
xy
y
y
5. 284
2
7
5
x
x
x
x 6.
2411
3
8
62
xy
y
y
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12 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 4 β Dividing Polynomials
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14 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 4 Homework SHOW ALL WORK
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15 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 5 β Radical Expressions
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(β3 + β5)(β2 + 4β3)
5β6 β 3β24 + β150
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19 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 5 Homework SHOW ALL WORK
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21 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 6 β Solving Radical Equations
There are four steps to solving a radical equation: 1) Isolate the radical. 2) Raise both sides to the power of the root. 3) Solve for x. 4) Check for extraneous solution(s). What is an EXTRANEOUS solution? A solution to the final equation but not to the original equation. Extraneous solutions can occur when solving a square root equation but not when solving linear, quadratic or exponential equations. Examples:
1. βπ₯ = 8 2. βπ₯ + 7 = 8 3. 2βπ₯ + 6 = 14
4. β4βπ₯ + 11 = 3 5. (π₯ β 2)1
2 β 2 = 2 6. 10 β 3β2π₯ + 53
= β11
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7. β10π₯2 β 49 = 3π₯ 8. β2π₯ β 6 = β5π₯ β 15 9. β6π₯ β 53
= β3π₯ + 23
10. β3π₯ + 7 = π₯ + 1 11. β15 β 7π₯ = π₯ β 1
12. βπ₯ + 2 = 4 β βπ₯ 13. βπ₯ + 3 = βπ₯ + 4
14. βπ₯ + 8 = βπ₯ + β3 15. βπ₯ + 3 = βπ₯ + 1 + 1
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23 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 6 Homework
1. βπ₯ β 1 = 3 2. 2 = β
π₯
2
3. ββ8 β 2π₯ = 0 4. (π₯ + 4)1
2 = 7
5. βπ₯ β 33
= 5 6. β2π₯ β 6 = β3π₯ β 14
7. β8π₯ = π₯ 8. β9 β π₯3
= β1 β 9π₯3
9. β3 β 2π₯ = β1 β 3π₯ 10. π₯ = (20 β π₯)1
2
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24 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 7 β Solving Rational Equations When solving equations with variables in the denominator, you must check the solution to be sure the denominator will not
equal zero. The solution will be eliminated if the denominator is zero.
Solve:
1. 4
3=
4π₯+6
5π₯β3
2. 9
14+
3
π₯+2=
3
4
3. 4
π₯β2+
9
π₯2β4=
β2
π₯+2
4. 5π₯
π₯+1+
2
π₯=
5
1
5. π₯
2β
9β2π₯
π₯β7=
5
π₯β7
6. π₯
π₯+2β
π₯+2
π₯β2=
π₯+3
π₯β2
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25 ICM Unit 0 β Algebra Review Lesson 7 Homework SHOW ALL WORK