rules for non metalic materials

8/11/2019 Rules for Non Metalic Materials

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BIRO KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA

RULES FOR NON - METALIC MATERIALSFINAL DRAFT

PART 1 FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS AND BONDINGSPART 2 WOOD

PART 3 GUIDELINES FOR ELASTOMERIC ADHESIVES AND

ADHESIVE JOINTS

EDITION 2006


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RULES FOR NON - METALIC MATERIALSDRAFT_26/07/2005

PART 1

FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS AND BONDINGS

EDITION 2006


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Table

of

Contents iii

Table of Contents

Section1 RequirementsforMaterialsandProduction

A. Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 1- 1

B. Materials ..................................................................................................................................... 1- 1

C. ApprovalofMaterials ................................................................................................................. 1- 3

D. RequirementsforManufacturers ................................................................................................ 1- 3

E. RegulationsforProcessing ......................................................................................................... 1- 4

F. ManufacturingSurveillance ........................................................................................................ 1- 6

Section2 InspectionandTestingofFibreCompositeMaterials

A. Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 2- 1

Section3 RepairofComponents

A. General ....................................................................................................................................... 3- 1

B. Procedure .................................................................................................................................... 3- 1

C. Documentation ............................................................................................................................ 3- 3

D. Enclosures ................................................................................................................................... 3- 3


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Section 1 - RequirementsforMaterialsandProduction A, B 11

Section 1

Requirements for Materials and Production

A. Definitions

1. Fibre-reinforcedplastics(FRP)

Heterogeneous materials, consisting of a thermosetting

resin as the matrix and an embedded reinforcing

material.

2. Thermosettingresin

Two-component mixture consisting of resin andhardeneraswellaspossibleadditives.

3. Reinforcingmaterials

Materials generally in the form of fibre productswhich are embedded in a matrix in order to improve

certain properties. In doing so, fibres of different

materials displaying isotropicor anisotropicproperties

are processed in the form of semi-finished textileproducts (mats, rovings, fabrics, non-wovens). For

special requirements, mixtures of different fibre

materialsarealsoused(hybrids).

4. Prepreg

Reinforcing material which ispre-impregnated with a

thermosettingresinwhichcanbe processed without anyfurtheradditionofresinorhardener.

5. Laminate

A moulded part which is manufactured by placing

layers of reinforcing material on top of each other

togetherwiththethermosettingresin.

6. Sandwichlaminate

Two laminate layers connected togetherby means of

anintermediate coreofalightermaterial.

B. Materials

1. Thermosettingresin

Depending on the purpose, and consequently the

requirement, a distinction is madebetween laminating

resin and coating resin. Compatibility shall be

demonstrated for the combination of gelcoat and

laminating resin if thebasic formulation of the resinsarenotthe same.

1.1 GelcoatandTopcoatresin

Gelcoatand topcoat resins shallprotect the surfaceofthe laminate from mechanical damage and

environmental influences. Therefore, in a cured stage,

the resin is to haveahigh resistancetoexisting media

(e.g. fuel, river and sea water), to maritime and

industrialenvironments),andtoabrasion,inadditionto

low water absorption capabilities. Thixotropicagents

and colouringpigmentsaretheonlypermittedadditivesfor gelcoat resins. In topcoat resins, additives for low

styreneevaporationarealsopermitted.

1.2 Laminatingresin

Laminating resins shall have good impregnation

characteristicswhenbeingprocessed. Inacuredstage,theyshallberesistanttofuels,riverandseawater,and

shallexhibit a high resistance to ageing. Furthermore,

adequate resistancetohydrolysisshallbeensured when

used withpermissible additives and filling materials.

When using unsaturatedpolyesters (UP) as the resin,

theresistancetohydrolysisshallbesignificantly higher

than that of standard UP resin (for example through

theuseofaresinwithan isophtalicacidbasis).

1.3 Additives

1.3.1 All additives (catalysts, accelerators, fillingmaterials, colouringpigmentsetc.) shall be suitable

for the thermosetting resin and shallbe compatiblewith it as well as the other additives, such that a

complete curing of the resin can be ensured. The

additives shallbe dispersed carefully throughout the

resin, in accordance with the guidelines of the

manufacturer.

1.3.2 Catalysts,whichinitiatethe hardeningprocess,

and accelerators, which control the working time (pot

life, gel-time) and the cure time, shall be used in

accordancewiththeprocessingguidelinesprovidedbythe manufacturer. For cold-setting systems, catalysts

shallbeproportioned in such a way that completecuring is ensured between temperatures of 16C and

25C. Cold-setting systems that are to cure attemperatures outside of this range, as well as warm-

curing systems, maybe used after consultation with

BKIHeadOffice(BKI-HO).

1.3.3 Fillingmaterials shall not significantly impair

thepropertiesofthecuredresin.Thetypeandquantityof the filling materials shallbe approvedby BKI-HO

and shall not lead to non-compliance with the

minimumpropertiesoftheresin(cf.Section2).


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12 Section 1 - RequirementsforMaterialsandProduction B

In general, the proportion of filling materials in the

laminating resin compound shall not exceed 12 %

by weight (including a maximum of 1.5 % by

weight of the thixotropic agent). If a smaller value is

specified by the manufacturer, this value shall apply.

Theproportion of thixotropic agent in the gelcoat

resin compound shall not exceed 3% by weight.Laminates used for fuel and water tanks shall not

containfilling materials.

1.3.4 Colouring pigments shall be climate-proofand consist of inorganic or non-fading organic dyes.

The maximumpermissibleproportion shall not exceedthe value specifiedby the manufacturer; if no value is

specified,thenitshallnotexceed5%byweight.


2.1 Various types of reinforcing materials withfilamentsofglass,carbonandaramideareavailable:

Roving: A largenumberofparallelfilaments

placed together with or without

twisting.

Mat: Irregular layering of continuousfilaments (fleeces), or chopped

rovings (minimum 50mm long)

which are joined together by means

ofabinder.

Fabric: Rovings woven together by means

of the weaving techniques used inthe textile industry, such asbinding

cloth, satin, body, atlas etc.Different materials and/or filament

thicknesses are possible for warpandweft.

Non-wovenfabric:Unidirectional layers of fibres which

are laid on each other in an

arbitrary manner. The layers arefixed by thin fibre strands, either

together or on mats. Different

materials and/orfilamentthicknessesarepossibleintheindividuallayers.

2.2 Fibre surface treatment with sizing, coupling

agents or finish shallbe matched to the thermosettingresin, in order to ensure adequate materialproperties,

alsoundertheinfluenceofmedia.

2.3 Only low-alkaline aluminium boron silicate

glassmaybeusedforglassfibres(alkalioxidecontent

1%),e.g.E-glass inaccordancewithVDE0334/Part 1,

9.72,Section4.

3. Corematerialsforsandwichconstructions

3.1 It shall be demonstrated that the core

materials used are suitable for the intendedpurpose.

They shallnotimpairthecuringofthelaminatingresin.

3.2 Thejoining surfaces of local reinforcementsmade of metallic materials (e.g. inlets, connections)shallbe cleaned in the same manner as for a gluing

process, in order to ensure optimalbonding (cf. DIN

53281,Part1).

3.3 Core materials other than those listedbelow

maybe used,provided that they are suitable for theintendedpurposeandthat this isacceptedbyBKI-HO

bybeforehand.

3.4 Rigidfoammaterials

Rigid foam materials which are used as core material

forsandwichlaminates,orasshearwebs,shallbeofaclosed-cell type and have high resistance against the

laminating resin or the adhesive, as well as againstageing, fuels, river and sea water. A low water

absorption capability is required, together with a

minimumapparentdensityof60kg/m.

It shallbe ensured that the allowable temperature offoam material is not exceeded during the curing

reaction(exothermicreaction).

3.5 End-grainedbalsawood

End-grained balsa wood used as core material for

sandwich laminates shall fulfill the following

requirements.Itshall

have immediately been treated after fellingagainstattackbyfungiandinsects,

besterilizedandhomogenized,

bekiln-driedwithin10daysafterfelling,and

haveanaveragemoisturecontentofmaximum 12%.

4. Prepregs

Fibre reinforcementspre-impregnated with laminatingresin shall satisfy the requirements placed on their

components. In addition, a minimum resin volumecontentof35%byvolumeshallbeensured,aswellas

adequatetackattheprocessingtemperature.

5. Adhesives

5.1 When bonding fibre-reinforced plastics

together, or with other materials, only solvent-free

adhesives shallbe used. Preference shallbe given to

two-componentreactionadhesives,ifpossiblewith the

samebasisasthelaminatingresin.


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Section 1 - RequirementsforMaterialsandProduction B, C, D 13

5.2 Laminates shall onlybebonded in the cured

state. Hot-setting adhesives generally attain a higher

strength; however, the maximum allowable

temperature of the materials to be bonded shall not

be exceeded. Thisappliesespeciallywhenusingsingle-

componenthot-meltadhesive.

5.3 The adhesives shall be used in accordance

with the processing guidelines issued by the

manufacturer. They shall not affect thematerialstobe

bonded and shall exhibit a high resistance to humidityand ageing. Theinfluenceoftheoperating temperature

ontheadhesivestrengthshallbesmall.

5.4 Adhesives shallbe usable within a minimum

temperaturerangeof20 to +60C.

C. ApprovalofMaterials

1. All materials tobe used duringproduction ofcomponents from FRP shall first be assessed and

approvedbyBKI. Approvalbyother organizationscan

be recognized following agreementby BKI,provided

that the tests required for approval are in accordance

with BKIrequirements.

2. The manufacturer and/or supplier of the

materialshallapplytoBKI-HOforapproval.

3. Approval is granted if the material fulfils therequirementsofBKI. For this purpose, specific tests

are necessary, and they shall either be carried outunder supervision of BKI or the results shall be

documented in the report of a recognized testing

institute. The respective test criteria are given in the

Appendix.

4. Beforeproduction starts, the required material

approvals shall be submitted to BKI-HO and/or theresponsibleBKIinspectionoffice. If no approvals, or

not all required approvals havebeen obtained, then as

an exception and following agreement with BKI-HO,proof of theproperties of thebasic material canbe

demonstrated as part of material testing of the

componentlaminate.

5. Thepackaging or wrapping material shall

bearareferencetotheapproval.

D. RequirementsforManufacturers

1. General

1.1 All manufacturing facilities, store-rooms and

theiroperationalequipment shall fulfilltherequirement

of the responsible safety authorities andprofessional

employers liability insurance associations. The

manufacturerisexclusivelyresponsibleforcompliance

withtheserequirements.

1.2 The danger of contamination of laminating

materials shall be minimized through separation ofproductionfacilitiesfromstore-rooms.

1.3 During laminating and bonding in the

laminating shop, no dust-generating machinery shall

be operated nor anypainting or spraying operations

carried out. As a matter ofprinciple, such work shall

take placeinseparaterooms.

2. Laminatingworkshops

2.1 Laminating workshops shallbe closed spaces

capableofbeingheatedandhavingsupplyandexhaust

ventilation. During laminating and curing, a room

temperature of between 16 C and 25 C and amaximum relative humidity of 70 % shall be

maintained, provided that the manufacturer of the

laminatingresincompounddoesnotspecifyotherwise.

2.2 In order to control the climatic conditions,thermographsand hydrographs shallbeprovided.The

equipment shallbe set up following agreement with

BKI, their number and arrangement depending on

operational conditions. The equipment shall be

calibrated inaccordancewithstatutory regulations. The

recordings shall be kept for at least 10 years and

submittedto BKIonrequest.

2.3 Ventilationfacilitiesshallbearranged insuchamanner thatno inadmissibleamountsofsolventsare

removed from the laminate, and also that no

inadmissible workplace concentrations (MAC values)

occur.

2.4 The workplaces shall be illuminated

adequately and suitably, but at the same time

precautionary measures shallbe taken to ensure that

the controlled curing of the laminating resin

compound is neither impaired through sunlight nor

lightingequipment.

3. Storage-rooms

3.1 Laminating resins shall be stored in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. If no

such instructions are provided, then they shall be

stored in dark, dry roomsat a temperaturebetween

10Cand 18C. The temperature of the storage-rooms

shall be recorded continuously by means of

thermographs.

3.2 Prepregs shall be stored in special cold-storage rooms in accordance with the manufacturer's

instructions. The temperature in general shall not

exceed22C.


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14 Section 1 - RequirementsforMaterialsandProduction D, E

3.3 Hardeners, catalysts and accelerators shallbe

storedseparatelyinwell-ventilatedroomsin accordance

with the manufacturer's instructions. If no instructions

areprovided, they shallbe stored in dark, dryroomsat

temperaturesbetween10Cand18C.

3.4 Reinforcing materials, fillers and additivesshallbe stored in closed containers, in dry and dust-freeconditions.

3.5 Storage shallbe arranged in such a way that

the identification of the materials, their storage

conditions and maximum period of storage (expiry

date) as prescribed by the manufacturer are clearly

visible. Materials whose duration of storage exceeds

the expiry date shall be removed immediately from

the stores.

3.6 Quantities of materials due to be processedshallbebrought to theproduction shops as early as

possible to ensure complete adjustment to theprocessing temperature (T 2 C), with the

containers remainingclosed.

3.7 Materials taken from the stores and partially

used shall only be replaced in the stores in specialcases (e.g. hot-curing prepregs)andwiththeconsent of

BKI.

E. RegulationsforProcessing

1. General

1.1 As a matter of principle, only materials

approved by BKI shall be used. In addition to the

choice of suitableandapprovedmaterials, special care

shall be taken when working with thembecause of the

great influenceonthepropertiesoftheproduct.

1.2 For the preparation and processing of the

resin compounds and reinforcing material, theseRules, the instructions issued by the material

manufacturers and the regulations of the local

authorities shallalsobeobserved.

1.3 Resin, hardener and resin additives shall be

mixed in such a way as to ensure a uniform

distribution and to minimize the amount of air

introduced into the mixture as far as possible. A

degassing of the resin compound maybe necessary in

individualcases.

1.4 During lamination, theprocessing time of theprepared resincompound specifiedbythe manufacturer

shallnotbeexceeded.Ifsuchatimeisnotspecified, the

pot-lifeshallbe determinedby means of a preliminary

test and the processing time then established in

consultationwithBKI.

1.5 It isnotpossible tocoverall typesofmoulds

and processing methods in detail. Deviations are

thereforepossibleforspecialcaseswiththeconsentof

BKI.

2. Requirementsformoulds

2.1 The moulds shall be made of a suitable

material that, on the one hand, has adequate

stiffness to prevent inadmissible deformations while

laminating or curing, and on the other hand has no

influence on the curing of the laminate. Moulds made

of FRP maybe used only after complete curing and

subsequent tempering.

2.2 In thecase ofmoulds forproducts which are

madeusingvacuumbags,absoluteair tightnessof the

mouldshalladditionallybeensured.

2.3 Thesurfaceof themouldsshallbeassmooth

aspossibleand shall haveno sharp edges.The mouldshallbe designed in sucha way as topermit flawless

removaloftheproductfromthemould.

2.4 Before commencing with the laminating, the

surface of the components shall be treated with a

sufficient quantity of a suitable release agent and

brought up to the temperature required for lamination.

The surfaces shallbe dry and free of dust. It is not

permissibletousereleaseagentswithasiliconbase.

3. Buildingupthelaminate

3.1 If the surfaceprotection is tobe achievedbyproviding a gelcoat, then the gelcoat resin compound

shallbeappliedwithauniform thicknessofbetween

0,4and0,6mm,usingasuitableprocess.

3.2 The first laminate layer shallbe applied as

soon aspossible after application of the gelcoat. A

fibrematorfabricwithlowweightperunitareaandahighresincontentshallbeused(e.g.forglassfibres:a

maximum of450g/mand a maximum of 30% glass

byweight).

3.3 The laminate shallbebuilt up in accordance

with the approved technical documentation, whereby

BKIshallbeconsultedabout themethod.Airshallbeadequately removed from the reinforcing layers and

these layers shallbe compacted in such a manner to

ensure that the required proportion of resin isachieved.Resinenrichmentshallbeavoided.

3.4 The maximum thickness of the material thatcanbe cured at one time is determined by the

maximum permissible heat development. In the

case of vacuum bagging, as a rule, the decisive

factor is the maximumnumber of layers fromwhich

aircanstillbe totallyremoved.


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Section 1 - RequirementsforMaterialsandProduction E 15

3.5 If a laminating process is interrupted for aperiod causing the base laminate resin to exceedthe point of gelation, a test is to be performed toverify adhesion between the base laminate and the toplaminate. For each resin system, under the givenprocessing conditions, the permissible period of

interruption of the laminating process is to bedetermined. In the event of this period being exceeded,the laminate shall be thoroughly ground in order toprovide a surface exhibiting adequate adhesionproperties after removal of the dust. For UP resins onan orthophthalic acid and standard glycol basis notcontaining any skin-forming agents a 48 h interruptionon the laminating process may, without any furtherproof being furnished, be considered uncritical withrespect to lamination.

3.6 When grinding laminates containing resinswith lowstyreneevaporationasthematrixsystem, thesurface shallbe removed down to the mat layer. In

ordertoensurethatnoskin-formingagentelements (e.g.paraffins) willbe left on the surface, the surface shallfinallybepolishedusingnewabrasivepaper. Thesameprocedure shall alsobe applied when treating thesurfaces of materials to be bonded (see E.6.2.3).

3.7 Transitions between different thicknesses of

laminateshallbemadegradually. A minimum value (for

glass fabric in the fibre direction) of 25mmper 600

g/mreinforcing material canbe used. In the transition

region from a sandwich construction to a solidlaminate, the core material shall be tapered with a

gradientofnotmorethan1:2.

3.8 If cutting of reinforcing layers is unavoidablein the case of complicated mouldings, then the cut

edges shall overlap, or reinforcement strips shall be

provided. In the butt or seam region of laminates,everyreinforcing layer shalloverlapbyat least25mm

per600g/m.

3.9 Different components may be laminated

together only while they are not fully cured. Specialattentionshallbepaidtocrossingsoflaminates.

3.10 Parallel or insert linings shallbe free of all

moisture and pollution (dirt). Their bonding surfaces

withthelaminateshallbepreparedinasuitablemanner(roughening,couplingagentorsimilar).

4. Glass-fibreresinspraying

Glass-fibre resin spraying, apartly mechanical method

of lamination by hand, requires fulfillment of the

followingspecificrequirements:

4.1 Theequipmenttobeusedshallbedemonstrated

beforeuseanditssuitabilityproven.

4.2 The qualification of the fibre-resin sprayer,

and where appropriate his assistant, shall be

demonstratedtoBKIbymeansofproceduretest.

4.3 The equipment shall be calibrated in

accordance with the guidelines of the manufacturer.

Calibrationshallbecheckedregularlybeforefibre-resinspraying,but the very least at thebeginning of everyproductionday.

4.4 The lengthof a rovingcut shallbebetween

25mmand50mm.

4.5 A powder-bound textile glass mat of

maximum 450 g/m shall be used for the first

laminate layer. The glass part of this layer (to be

appliedmanually)shallbelessthan30%byweight.

4.6 The glass weightper unit area of the spray

laminate layer of a combined laminate shall not

exceed1150g/m.

4.7 Afteramaximumof1150g/moffibreshavebeen sprayed, air shallbe removed and the composite

shallbecompacted.

4.8 Testsshallbeperformedonaregularbasisto

check whether a uniform laying up of the reinforcedlayers as well as a uniform distribution ofpercentage

glassweighthasbeenachieved.BKIreservestheright

to demand test pieces to check the resulting

mechanicalproperties.

5. Curingandtempering

5.1 Completed components may only be taken

from the moulds after adequate curing of the

thermosetting resin compounds. The required cure

time generally depends on the manufacturer's

instructions. Otherwise, a minimum cure time of 12

hoursshallbe observedforcold-settingsystems.

5.2 Resinsystemswhichcureunderpressure,UVradiationand/or increased temperature shallbe treated

inaccordancewiththemanufacturersinstructions.

5.3 Immediately after curing, the componentsshould receivepost-treatmentat increased temperature

(tempering).The tempering time dependson the resinin question and the temperature attained within the

component during tempering, whereby this shallbe

below the temperature for dimensional stability underheat and shallbe agreed on with BKI. Cold-setting

systemswhichare not subsequently tempered shallbe

stored for 30 days at a temperature of 16C, and for

correspondingly shorterperiods at temperatures up to25C.Thisperiod canbe shortened with the consent

of BKI, provided the relevant manufacturer's

specifications regarding post-curing are available,

or post-curing values exist which are supportedby


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16 Section 1 - RequirementsforMaterialsandProduction E, F

experimental results. If such values are not available,

then in general the following tempering conditions

canbe used(polyester/epoxyresin):

atleast 16h at 40C/50C or

atleast 9h at 50C/60C

6. Bonding

6.1 General

6.1.1 Bondedjoints for load-bearingparts shall ingeneralbe verified using aprocedure test tobe agreed

on for each individual case. The scope of the required

testsshallbedeterminedinagreementwithBKI.

6.1.2 For bonding of composite fibre materials,onlyadhesivesapprovedbyBKIshallbeused.

6.1.3 The adhesives shall not have any negative

effectsonthematerialstobebonded.

6.1.4 The application limits for the adhesive, as

specifiedby the manufacturer, shallbe adhered to. Abonding-suitable design which as far as possible

avoidspeeling moments and forces shallbe used, and

the thicknessof theadhesive layer shallbekeptas thin

aspossible.

Thejoining surfaces shallbe kept as large aspossible,

andforcesshallbeappliedoveralargearea.

6.2 Surfacepre-treatment

6.2.1 The different surfacepre-treatments are listed

in VDI (Association of German Engineers) guidelines2229and3821.

6.2.2 The surfaces of the materials to be bonded

shall be dry and free of grease, dust and solvents.Particularly when degreasing, attention shallbepaid to

compatibilityofthesolventwiththematerials.

6.2.3 In the case of smooth surfaces, they shallbe

roughened e.g. mechanically by grinding or sand

blasting, or chemically through pickling. This is

absolutely necessary when there are coatings on thesurfaces of the materials tobebonded which impair

adhesion (e.g. skin-forming agents inpolyester resins;

seeE.3.6).

6.2.4 In most cases, an increase of the adhesive

strength is achieved by the application of specially

matched primers, in particular, the use of primersrecommended for bonding which is subsequently

subjectedtonegativeenvironmentalinfluences.

6.3 Processing

6.3.1 The adhesive shall be used in accordancewith the instructions issued by the manufacturer,

whereby the proportion of filling materials shall not

exceedthepermissiblevalue.

6.3.2 The adhesive shallbe applied uniformly, freeof voids and not too thickly onto the materials tobebonded.

6.3.3 If, for special reasons, gluingjoints of 5mm

or more cannotbe avoided, then the materials tobe

bonded shallbe firstprovided with a thin coating ofpureadhesiveresin.

6.3.4 It is not permissible to apply loads to the

gluingbeforecompletecuringoftheadhesive.

6.3.5 In thecaseofcold-setting thermosetting resin

adhesives, a subsequent tempering of the gluing is

recommended.

6.3.6 The edges of the area treated with adhesives

shall be protected by means of suitable measures

against penetration of extraneous media (e.g.

humidity).

7. Sealing

7.1 Laminate surfaces without surfaceprotection

shall be sealed after curing or tempering, using

suitable agents. Inparticular, edges of cut-outs and

bondings shall be protected carefully against the

penetrationofextraneousmedia(moisture).

7.2 The sealing materials used shall not impairthe properties of the laminate or of the bonding.

Furthermore, theyshallbeappropriate for thepurpose

of thecomponent.

F. ManufacturingSurveillance

1. General

1.1 ForcomponentsmadeofFRP,manufacturing

surveillanceconsistsofthequalitycontrolof thebasic

materials, production surveillance and the qualityinspectionofthefinishedcomponents.

1.2 In the case of manufacturing surveillance, a

distinction is madebetween internal and third-party(external) surveillance. In the sense of these

Regulations, third-party surveillance means

periodic and random checksby BKI of the internal

surveillance as wellasofthecomponentquality.

1.3 BKIreservestherighttocarryoutinspections

intheproductionfacilitieswithoutgivingpriornotice.The manufacturer shall grant inspectors access to all

areasusedforproduction,storageandtestingandshall

presentalldocumentationconcerningrecordsand testscarriedout.


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Section 1 - RequirementsforMaterialsandProduction F 17

1.4 The scope of third-party surveillance canbe

reduced in the case ofproduction facilities that have a

certifiedqualitymanagementsystem.

2. Incominginspection

2.1 Characteristic values and mechanicalproperties specified in the material approval shallbe

confirmed by the manufacturer, at least by a test

report (DIN EN 10204-2.2). On arrival of the

product, a check shall be carried out to ascertain

whether it corresponds to the requirements. Material

propertiesshall becheckedbyrandomsampling.

2.2 Theproducts shallbe listed in the inventoryfile and shall be stored in accordance with the

requirementsoftheseRegulations.

3. Productionsurveillance

3.1 Details of production shall be stipulated by

means of check lists and routing cards which

accompany each stage of the production and are

signedby theemployeesincharge.

3.2 Production surveillance shall be carried out

constantly by the internal quality department. Thescope shallbe stipulated in an inspection and testplan

andsignedbytheemployeesincharge.

3.3 Employees involved in production shall be

suitably trained and shall work under professionallyqualifiedsupervision.

3.4 The materials used in theproduction shallbe

documented in a clear and comprehensive manner.Parameters relevant for the quality (temperature,

humidity etc.) shall alsobe recorded in theproduction

documentation.

3.5 Details (including the direction) of reinforcing

layers in the laminateshallbecheckedoff immediately

duringtheproductionprocess.

3.6 A sample shallbe taken from eachbatch of

thermosetting resin compound that is mixed, and this

shall be labeled, cured and stored. These samples

shallbe subjected to random testing of the degree oftheircuringandtheresultsshallbedocumented.

3.7 Duringproduction, laminate samples shallbeprepared and shall be used for checking the

characteristic values and the mechanical properties.

The material strength values shall conform with the

specified values. If no adequately-sized laminate

samplescanbe obtained from cuttings or sections,

then reference laminates produced in parallel with

dimensions of approximately 50 x50cm2 shall be

prepared. Their quantity depends either on the

number of the components, or the number of

production days (the lower numbercanbechosen).

4. Structuraltests

4.1 During production and on completion of

production, thecomponentshallbe subjected to visual

inspections. Inparticular, attention shall be paid to

voids, delamination, warping, discoloration, damage

etc. In addition, the general quality, e. g. surface

finish,shallbeassessed.

4.2 By means of suitable testingprocedures, the

quality of the components shall be determined, if

possible during production, and at the latest on

completion ofproduction. Special attention shallbe

paid to thebondingand tothedegreeofcuringof the

component.

4.3 Following agreement with BKI, individual or

random tests shall be carried out on finished

componentsunderstaticand/ordynamicloads.

4.4 BKI shallbe informed about repairs of anyfaults relevant to the strength of the component, and

theprocedure used to carry out the repair shallbe in

accordancewithSection3.


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Section 2 - InspectionandTestingofFibreCompositeMaterials A 21

Section 2

Inspection and Testing of Fibre Composite Materials

A. Requirements

1. General

1.1 In accordance with the Rules and Regulations

of Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI), the materials used

for manufacturing components made of FRP under

the supervision of BKI shall be approved by BKI.Approvalsaregrantedforthefollowingmaterials:

Gelcoatand/orlaminatingresins

Reinforcingmaterials

Prepregs

Corematerials

Adhesives

1.2 Applications for approvalby Biro Klasifikasi

IndonesiaHeadOffice (BKI-HO) shallbe madeby the

material manufacturer or an agent. Together with theapplication,thefollowingshallbesubmittedtoBKI-HO:

Productdescription

Safetydatasheet

Storageandprocessinginstructions

Adeclaration inwritingby the applicant that thetested materials comply with those for which the

approval is requested, and that the sample is

manufactured in accordance with the Rules andRegulationsofBiro Klasifikasi Indonesia.

Copyof the testcertificateofarecognized testingbody, i.e. an accredited testing laboratory or a

notifiedtestingbody.

1.3 The tests shallbe carried out in accordancewith the standards mentioned in this rule. However,

comparable standards of other countries are also

acceptable after agreement with BKI-HO in eachindividualcase.

1.4 The minimumproperties requiredby BKI forthetestsshallbefulfilledbyallspecimens.

1.5 In the case of inadequate test results ofindividual specimens, attention shall be paid to thefollowing(forabasicnumberof6tests):

Ifone or two specimens yield inadequate results,the tests shallbe repeated with twice as many

specimens.

If the test results are inadequate for three or

more specimens, the test can be repeated on

newlyproduced specimens,provided that BKIagreestothis.

If even one sample yields inadequate results

while repeat-testing, then approval is notpossible.

1.6 If the material fulfils the BKI requirements,

thenastatementofmaterialapprovalisissuedbyBKI-HO. This is generally valid for four years, whereby

extensionsarepossible.

1.7 BKI-HO shallbe notified immediately of allmodifications or other changes, to the material.Decisions regarding the further validity of thematerial approvalismadeonanindividualbasis.

1.8 A constant material quality shallbeprovided

bythemanufacturer throughsuitableQMmeasures. If

this isnotensured,BKI reserves the right to suspend,orwithdraw,theapproval.

1.9 BKIreservestherighttodemandand/orcarry

out spot tests of the material properties during theperiod required for material approval. If, in doing so,

there is no adequate comparison with the required

values, the material approval can be suspended or

withdrawnbyBKI.

1.10 The approval refers only to the approvedmaterial. The applicability of this material in

connection with other approved materials shall be

demonstratedindependentlybythemanufacturer,ortheuser, in a suitable manner. In cases of doubt, BKIreserves the right to require a check of the

properties of the materialcombination.

2. Thermosettingresins

2.1 General

2.1.1 Thebasic requirements listed under item 1applyformaterialapproval.

2.1.2 A general description of the thermosetting

resin, its processing conditions as well as theproperties of resin in the processing state shall be

submitted. The basic properties of the cured

thermosetting resin shall be verified by the testcertificate of a recognized testingbody. These values

shall fulfillspecifiedminimumrequirements.


14/67

22 Section 2 - InspectionandTestingofFibreCompositeMaterials A

2.1.3 Cold-setting unsaturatedpolyester (UP) resins

and cold-setting epoxy (EP) resins are specifically

described below. Other types of resins can also beapprovedafter consultation withBKI-HO, whereby the

required minimumproperties are specifiedby BKI-HO

on an individual basis. However, they shall at least

complywiththoseofUPresins.

2.2 Description

2.2.1 A description of the thermosetting resin shallbe submitted in order to allow an unequivocal

identification:

Resintypeandstate

Purpose

Manufacturer

Tradename

2.2.2 Inaddition,thefollowingshallbeindicated:

Storageconditions

Environmentalconditionsforprocessing

Typeandproportionofallowedadditives

Curingconditions,tempering

2.3 Propertiesintheprocessingstateand

duringcuring

Theproperties shallbe determined in accordance withthefollowingstandards:

Density (DINENISO1675)

Viscosity (DIN53015-ISO2555)

Reactivity:

UPresins: acidnumber(DIN53402-ISO2114)

EPresins: epoxyequivalent

(DIN16945-ISODIS3001)

WPresins: Monomerproportion(ISO3251)

Geltime(temperatureincrease)(DIN16945,Section6.2,6.3-ISO2535)

Curingshrinkage(DIN16945,Section6.5)

2.4 Propertiesinthecuredstate

2.4.1 The following properties shall be submitted

forallthermosettingresinsinthecuredstate:

Density

Waterabsorption

Strength, modulus of elasticity in tension, andtensilefracturestrain

Strengthandmodulusofelasticityinbending

Dimensionalstabilityunderheat

2.4.2 For gelcoat and topcoat resins, the following

additionalinformationshallbesubmitted:

Abrasionresistance(DIN53754-ISO9352)3samples

Resistanceagainstseawater,fuels,hydraulicoil,weakacidsandalkalis (DINISO175)

2.4.3 With regard to theproperties, the following

shallbeverifiedby the testcertificateofa recognized

testing body. For this purpose, specimens shall be

used which are produced in accordance with thesubmittedprocessing guidelines. The specimens shall

be cured and tempered for 16h at 40C (polyester

resins) or 16h at 50C (epoxy resins). For gelcoatand topcoat resins, only the first fourproperties shall

be verified:

Density (DIN 53479 - ISO 1183, method A),3specimens

Water absorption (DIN ISO 175, Specimen

50mmx 50mm x 4mm),3specimens

Dimensionalstabilityunderheat(DIN53461-ISO75,methodA),3specimens

Tensile strength, fracture strain, modulus of

elasticityintension(DINENISO527-2,testpiece1B),6specimens

Bendingstrength(DINENISO178),3specimens

Modulusofelasticityinbending(DINENISO178),3specimens

2.4.4 The mechanical properties are normally

determined at standard climate 23/50 (23C/50%relative humidity). If the intended operating

temperature range of the resin is notbetween - 20C

and +50C,further testingtemperaturesshallbe agreedonwithBKI-HO.

2.4.5 The testing speed in the case of tensile and

bending tests shallbe selected in such a way that a

specimen or edge-fibre strain of about 1%/min is

ensured. This shallbe documented in the test report.The modulus of elasticity shallbe determined as a

secant modulus between 0.05% and 0.25% strain.

The water absorption shallbe specifically determined

at23Cafter241hand1682h.

2.5 Minimumproperties

2.5.1 For resinproducts consisting of UP resins,

the following minimum properties are specified for

use as laminating resins (values for gelcoat resins inbrackets):

Tensilestrength: 40 MPa ()

Fracturestrain: 2.0 % (3.0%)

Modulusofelasticity: 2700 MPa ()

(tension)

Bendingstrength: 80 MPa ()

Dimensionalstability

underheat: 60 C (60C)

Waterabsoption

24h/168h /70 mg (/60 mg)


15/67


2.5.2 The following minimum properties apply toresinproductsconsistingofEPresins:

Tensilestrength: 55 MPa ()

Fracturestrain: 2.5 % (3.5%)

Modulusofelasticity: 2700 Mpa ()(tension)

Bendingstrength: 100 Mpa ()

Dimensionalstabilityunderheat: 70 C (70C)

Waterabsorption: mg/50mg ( mg/50 mg)24h/168h

2.5.3 The abrasion resistance properties and theresistanceproperties to extraneous media in the caseofgelcoatresinsmaybedeterminedbytheapplicant.

The abrasion resistance determined in the test(slidingabrasionrate)shallbeadequate.

The properties stipulated in DIN 53476 underitem 7.4 a - c shouldbe determined after 24h

and 168h at 23C. Taking theseproperties into

account and following agreementbetween BKI-

HO and the applicant, the followingclassification ismade:

Resistant,

Conditionallyresistant

Notresistant


3.1 General

3.1.1 The basic requirements listed under item 1applyformaterialapproval.

3.1.2 A general description of the reinforcing

material and of the filament shallbeprovided. Basic

properties of laminate specimens taken from thereinforcing material shall be verified by the testcertificateofa recognized testing body. These values

shall fulfill specifiedminimumrequirements.

3.1.3 The following applies to fibre reinforcementsmade of glass, carbon and aramide. Products with

other reinforcingfibrescanalsobeapproved, following

agreement with BKI-HO, whereby the minimum

propertiesarethenspecifiedonanindividualbasis.

3.1.4 Due to the great number of the fibrereinforcing products on the market, only the most

common ones can be listed. Products not covered

(e.g. complexes, hybrids), can also be approved,following agreementwithBKI-HO.

3.2 Description

3.2.1 A description is necessary which allows anunequivocalidentificationofthereinforcingmaterial:

Fibrematerial

Reinforcementtype(mat,fabricetc.)

Manufacturer

Tradename

3.2.2 Inaddition,thefollowingisrequired:

Formofsupply

Storageconditions

Processinginstructions

3.2.3 The filament and its treatment/sizing shallbe

submitted:

Filamentdiameter(DIN53811-ISOR137)

Couplingagreedorsizing

Resincompatibility

In the case of glass fibre products, the average

filamentdiametershallnotexceed19m.

3.2.4 In the case of reinforcingproducts consistingof a combination of different fibre materials and/or

filaments,allfibretypesshallbeindicated.

3.2.5 If, in the case of textile glass reinforcingproducts, no E-glass or R-glass is used in accordance

with DIN 1259-1, then an alkali oxide content (DIN

ISO719)of less than1% shallbeverifiedbymeansofatestcertificatefromarecognizedtestingbody.

3.3 Propertiesofthereinforcingproducts

3.3.1 Rovings Numberofthefilamentsintheroving

Rovingfineness(DIN53830-1-ISO4602)

When rovings are used as gun rovings (DIN 52316 -

ISO DIS 3375), the stiffness shall be additionallyverifiedbythecertificateofarecognizedtestingbody.

3.3.2 Mats(continuousandchopped-strandmats)

Fibrelength(forchopped-strandmats)

Linear density of the fibre (DIN 53830-T1 -

ISO1889)

Weightperunitarea(DIN53854-ISO3374)

Layerthickness(DIN53855-T1-ISODIS3616)

Binder(see3.3.5)

3.3.3 Fabric

Linear density of the fibres, warpwise andweftwise(DIN53830-T3-ISO1889)

Count,warpwiseandweftwise(DIN53853)

Weightperunitarea (DIN53854-ISO4605)

Fabricthickness(DIN53855-T1-ISO4603)

Weave(DIN61101-T2)


16/67

24 Section 2 - InspectionandTestingofFibreCompositeMaterials A

3.3.4 Non-wovenfabric

Layup

Lineardensityofthefibresinalldirections

Weightper unit area of the individual layers andofthenon-wovenfabric(DIN53854-ISO4605)

Non-wovenfabricthickness(DIN53855-T1-ISO4603)

Binder(see3.3.5)

In addition if a non-woven fabric contains mat or

fabric layers, then the linear density and, where

appropriate,thefibrelengthshallbeindicated.

3.3.5 A difference shallbe madebetween chemical

and mechanicalbond types. In the case of chemicalbond types, the binder, thepercentage weight (glass

ISO 1887, carbon DIN 29965) and its solubility (DIN

52332) shallbe indicated. In the case of mechanical

bondtypes,thetypeofweaveshallbeindicated.

3.3.6 In the case of reinforcing products with

different fibre materials, the percentages of

materials used in the respective reinforcing directionsshallbe indicated.

3.4 Laminate properties of the reinforcing

products

3.4.1 For laminate production, it is strongly

recommended that BKI-approved cold-setting UP

resins are to be used. After curing, the specimensshallbe tempered for 16h at 40C. If, for special

reasons, other (also warm-setting) thermosetting resinsare to beused, then this shallbe agreed inadvancebyBKI- HO.

3.4.2 For rovings, tensile test specimens shall beprepared for all fibre materials in accordance with

DIN 29965, Section 4.1.3.5. The test certificate of a

recognized testingbody shallbe submitted to verify

the tensile strength, the fracture strainand the modulusof elasticity as the mean values from six tests carried

out in accordance with DIN 65382. Furthermore, the

tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity shallbedetermined in accordance with DIN 65469 on flat

specimenspreparedfortestingundertension.

3.4.3 Forallotherreinforcingproducts, laminate test

panels shallbeprepared in accordance with DIN EN

2374, Section 5.3 (Method C). In doing so, thereinforcing products shall be arranged in identical

alignment. Depending on number of the reinforcing

directions, thelaminates should have approximately thefollowing thicknesses: unidirectional laminates 2 mm,

bi-directional laminates 4 mm and multi-directional

laminates5mm.

3.4.4 Appropriate testpanels shallbepreparedbyfibre resin spraying for the use of gun rovings. Thelengthofthegunrovingsinthiscaseshallbe35mm.

3.4.5 The gun prescribed number of specimens

shallbe cut out of the testpanels for each test. In

doing so, specimens shall be taken from eachreinforcing direction of the laminate in order to test

themechanicalproperties.Forproductswithrandomly

distributed reinforcing directions, specimens shallbe

taken from any two directions,but at right angles toeachother.

3.4.6 The specimens shallbe tested in accordance

with DIN EN ISO 291 after at least 16 h understandardclimateconditions.

Ifaramidefibresareusedasareinforcingmaterial,an

additionaltestshallbecarriedoutonspecimenswhich

have previously been subjected to conditioning of

7208hat23C indistilledwater.Theconditioningperiod canbe reducedby 50% for each temperature

increase of 10 C. While conditioning, the

dimensional stability temperature of the thermosettingresin shallnotbeexceeded.

3.4.7 Thefollowingpropertiesshallbeverifiedby

thetestcertificateofarecognizedtestingbody:

Fibre content (glass EN60 - ISO1887, carbon

DIN EN 2564, aramide DIN 65356-2), 3specimens

Tensile strength, fracture strain, modulus of

elasticity in tension (DIN EN ISO 527-4, test

pieceIII),6specimens

Bending strength, modulus of elasticity in

bending (DINENISO14125, Method A),

6specimens

In addition, for carbon and aramide fibres, thecompressive strength and the modulus of elasticity incompressionshallbedemonstrated(carbon,DraftDIN

EN 2850, test piece A1 with gauge length 8 mm,

similarlyforaramide).

3.4.8 The testingspeedsshallbeselected in suchaway to ensure a strain rate of 1%/min in the test

piece or the edge fibre. The testing speed shallbe

indicated.Themodulusofelasticityintensionshallbedetermined as a secant modulusbetween 10% and

50%ofthefracturestrain.

3.4.9 Testing shall be carried out in a standard

climate23/50 (23C / 50% relative humidity). If theoperating temperatures of the fibres are notbetween

20 C and + 50 C, then additional testing

temperaturesshallbeagreedonwithBKI-HO.

3.5 Minimumproperties

3.5.1 For approval, fibre reinforcedproducts shall

fulfill specified minimum values for the mechanical

properties. The influence of the fibre volume content

on theproperties hasbeen taken into account whenspecifying the values. The values refer to the 0

direction in the case ofauniformlay up.If necessary,

a correctiontotheactuallayupshouldbedone.


17/67


3.5.2 The minimum values of all mechanical

properties to be verified are determined by means of thefollowing equation together with the values given in

Table 2.1:

X min =

)

4.0

(X ref

where:

Xmin = minimum required value

Xref = reference value for fibre volume content

= 0.4

= factor for lay-up

= fibre volume content0.20.6

Deviations from the above specification are allowed forlaminates withglass mats or gun rovings; in these cases,

the minimum values for a percentage fibre weight

content of0.250.35: are:

Tensile strength:

Rz= 1278 2510+ 123 [MPa]

Young's Modulus (tension]:

E = [37 4.75]x 103[MPa]

Bending strength:

RB= 5022+ 106.8 [Mpa]

3.5.3 In the case of multidirectional lay up of thereinforcing products, the values shall be proved at

least for one direction (preferably 0).

3.5.4 For reinforcing products with different fibrematerials in one direction, the values of the material

with the lower minimum propertiesshall be fulfilled.

3.5.5 The minimum values for fabric are 95% ofthe specifiedvalues for0/90 lay up.

3.5.6 The minimum values for the conditioned

specimens made of aramide fibres are 90% of the

specified tensile values and of 80% the specified

compressive and bendingvalues.

3.5.7 The stiffness of the gun rovings tobe verifiedin accordance with DIN52316 shall notbebelow 130mm.

3.5.8 The linear relationshipbetween theproperty

and fibre volume content assumed when specifying

minimum values does not apply for all properties,

and shall therefore not be used to extrapolate

measured values.

.

Table2.1: Coefficientsforthedeterminationoftheminimumproperties

Fibre Property Xref

[Mpa] 0 0/90 0/45 0/90/45

Glass Tensile strength 500 1.00 0.55 0.50 0.45

Youngs Modulus of elasticity 26000 1.00 0.71 0.57 0.55

Bending Strength 650 1.00 0.55 0.45 0.40

Carbon Tensile strength 800 1.00 0.55 0.50 0.45

Modulus of elasticity 80000 1.00 0.55 0.45 0.42

Bending Strength 725 1.00 0.55 0.45 0.40

Compressive strength 600 1.00 0.55 0.50 0.45

Modulus of elasticitycompression

80000 1.00 0.55 0.50 0.45

Aramid Tensile strength 650 1.00 0.55 - -

Modulus of elasticity 40000 1.00 0.55 - -

Bending Strength 400 1.00 0.55 - -

Compressive strength 170 1.00 0.50 - -

Modulus of elasticity

compression

38000 1.00 0.50 - -


18/67

26 Section 2 - Inspection and Testing of Fibre Composite Materials A

4. Prepregs

4.1 General

4.1.1 The basic requirements listed under item 1shall apply for material approval.

4.1.2 Since prepregs are based on resin systems

which cure under heat, consultation with BKI-HO

concerning the curing process of the resins is required.

4.1.3 The testing of cured prepreg laminates is

identical with the laminate testing of fibre reinforced

products. Taking into account the resin system, theminimum characteristic values shall be agreed on with

BKI-HO.

4.1.4 Unidirectional non-woven prepregs and

woven prepregs are considered within the framework

of this Regulation. Other prepregs can also be

approved, following agreement with BKI-HO.

4.2 Prepreg properties

4.2.1 A description is necessary which allows an

unequivocal identification of the prepreg:

Fibre material

Resin system

Reinforcement type

Trade name

Manufacturer

Storage conditions, processing guidelines

4.2.2 The following properties shall be submitted

for the non-cured prepreg material:

Mass per unit area (DIN 53854)

Resin percentage by weight (DIN 29971, Section5.1.1.4)

Layer thickness (DIN 53855-1)

Resin flux percentage by weight (DIN 65090,Section 5.1.1)

4.2.3 The following are necessary for thereinforcing material:

Filament diameter (DIN 53811 - ISO 137)

Count (DIN 53853)

bond type (only woven prepregs)

5. Core materials

5.1 General


5.1.2 A general description of the core material

shall be submitted. The basic properties shall be

verified by the test certificate of a recognizedtesting body.

5.1.3 Rigid foam materials and cross-grained balsa

are considered specifically as a core material withinthe framework of this Regulation. Cores made of other

materials can also be approved, following agreement

with BKI-HO.

5.2 Rigid foams

5.2.1 The following information is necessary for a

general description:

Basic material and additives

Trade name

Manufacturer

Resin systems suitable for bonding/coating

Storage conditions

5.2.2 The manufacturer shall provide details of the

maximum permissible processing temperatures and

the operating temperature limits. The long-termoperating temperature shall at least cover the

range 20 C to + 50 C.

5.2.3 The test certificate of a recognized testingbody verifying the following properties shall be

submitted:

Apparent density (DIN 53420 - ISO R 845);sample thickness 25 mm, 3 specimens

Water absorption (DIN53433 - ISO 2896),3 specimens

Compressive strength (DIN 53421 - ISO 844),6 specimens, vertical to the plane of the test

panel

Modulus of elasticity (compression) (DIN53457) 3 specimens, test piece III, vertical to the

plate plane of the panel

Shear strength (DIN 53294), 6 specimens

Shear modulus (DIN 53294), 6 specimens

5.2.4 The specimens shall be tested without foam

skin. The testing shall take place in a standard climate

23/50 (23 C/50 % relative humidity). Testing

procedures are given mainly for rigid foams, whereas

in the case of tough foams BKI-HO shall be consulted

if there is any doubt.

5.2.5 The following minimum properties arespecified for an apparent density of 60 kg/mand 200 kg/m:


19/67

Section 2 - Inspection and Testing of Fibre Composite Materials A 27

6.3 Properties of the adhesive

6.3.1 In the processing state, the following

information shall be provided:

Density (DIN EN ISO 1675)

Viscosity (DIN 53019)

6.3.2 In the case of two-component thermosetting

5.2.6 In the case of other apparent densities, linear

interpolation of the densities shall be used todetermine strengths and moduli.

5.3 Cross-grained balsa wood

5.3.1 The requirements for cross-grained balsa

wood are specified in Rules for Wood - Requirementsfor Core Materials of Sandwich Laminates (section 2 ).

6. Adhesives

6.1 General


6.1.2 A general description of the adhesive shall be

provided. Basic properties of the cured adhesive shall

be verified by the test certificate of a recognizedtesting body.

6.1.3 The following specifically considers cold-

setting and hot-setting thermosetting adhesives as wellas hot-melt adhesives. Other adhesives, provided that

they can be used for processing of FRP (e.g.

expansion adhesives) can also be used, followingagreement with BKI-HO.

6.2 Description

6.2.1 A description of the adhesive shall besubmitted in order to allow an unequivocal

identification of the adhesive:

Type of adhesive

Manufacturer

Trade name

Storage conditions

Processing and curing guidelines

Volume shrinkage after exceeding the gel point

Glass transition temperature (ASTM E 1356-91)

6.2.2 In the case of adhesive films with backing,the backing material shall be specified.

resins which cure at room temperatures, the pot life

(DIN 16945, Section 6.3) shall also be indicated.

6.4 Properties in the cured state

6.4.1 The following mechanical properties shall beverified by the certificate of a recognized testing body

(on 6 specimens respectively):

Tensile lap-shear strength (DIN EN 1465)

Peeling resistance (DIN 53282)

In addition, a long-duration shear tension test (based

on DIN 53283) shall be carried out. In doing so, thesample is subject to loads in a standard climate 23 C /

50 % relative humidity at 60 % of the mean tensile

lap-shear strength for 192 2 h.

6.4.2 The testing shall be carried out for three

different conditioning states of the specimens:

24 1 h after curing at 23 C and storage at50 % relative humidity

1000 12 h storage at 60 C and a maximum

of 20 % relative humidity

1000 12 h storage in distilled water at 23 C

6.4.3 For each test and conditioning state, specimens

with adhesive layer thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 3 mmshall be used.

6.4.4 All tests shall all be carried out in a standardclimate 23 C / 50 % relative humidity. In addition,

the tensile lap-shear strength shall be verified at 60 C

on specimens with an adhesive layer thickness of

3 mm and subjected to a climate of 60 C and a

maximum of 20 % relative humidity for 1000 12hours before testing.

6.5 Minimum properties

6.5.1 The following properties shall be achievedfor directly tested specimens as well as specimens

tested after wet storage:

Tensile lap-shear strength: 9 MPa

Peeling resistance: 2 N/mm

6.5.2 For the specimens stored at elevated

temperatures, the above minimum properties shallbe reduced by 15 %.

6.5.3 Strain in creep shall be below 0.35 mm in thelong-duration shear tension test.

60 kg/m3 200 kg/m3

Compressive strength[MPa]

0.6 3.5

Modulus ofelasticity

(compression) [MPa]

40 200

Shear strength [MPa] 0.5 2.6

Shear modulus [MPa] 15 65

Water absorption [vol.-%](after 28 Days)

2 2


20/67


21/67

Section 3 - RepairofComponents A, B 31

Section 3

Repair of Components

A. General

1. Requirementsforoperationandpersonnel

1.1 Repairs shall only be performed byworkshops which are approved by BKI for the

repair of components made from fibre-reinforced

thermosetting resins.

1.2 The shop approval for manufacturing

components made of fibre-reinforcedplastics using the

hand lay-up method includes approval for repairingthe parts within that production facility. For repairsout- side of theproduction facility (i.e. in the field),an extensionoftheshopapprovalisrequired.

1.3 The repairs shall only be carried out by

persons with sufficient professional knowledge.This professionalknowledgeshallingeneralbeverified

by certificates of the corresponding training courses.

If such certificates are not available, the minimumrequirement shall consist of training completed for a

technical profession, in conjunction with internal

trainingandseveralmonthsofexperience.

1.4 The head of the repair team is responsible forproper execution of the repair and shall be namedexplicitly in the shop approval. His professional

knowledge shall be verified by certificates of the

corresponding training courses and professionalexperienceofseveralyears.Inaddition,aproceduretest

-to becarriedoutattheshopundersupervisionofBKI

-is required.

1.5 The shop approval is granted by BKI Head

Office (BKI-HO) on thebasis of the information tobesubmitted by workshops and the report submitted by

the BKI surveyor. The form deals with the following

points:

Generalinformationontheshop

Personnel

Internalqualitymanagement

Incominginspection

Storage of the materials for repair in the shop

andduringfieldwork

Mechanicalprocessingcapabilities

Productionequipment.

2. Prerequisites

2.1 In the case of repairs which affect the

structural integrity of the component, a repair plan

shallbe established and approvedby BKIbefore thestartatany repair work. If the same repair is tobe

carried out several times,ageneral repairplancanbe

established andsubmittedtoBKIforapproval.

2.2 Repairs to the gelcoat resin and (minor)

repairs which do not fall under 2.1 shall be

standardized and approvedby BKI according to thestandardized procedure.

2.3 For theapprovalofa repairaccording to 2.1,

all design and repair drawings needed to assess the

repairofthecomponentshallbesubmittedtoBKI.The

repairplanwillbeexaminedbyBKI-HOandapprovediffoundsuitable.

2.4 Areportisrequiredforeachrepairandhasto

besignedbytheheadoftherepairteam.

2.5 OnlymaterialsapprovedbyBKIshallbeusedfortherepair.

2.6 The thermosetting resins used for repair shall

be at least equivalent to the original thermosetting

resin used for production. To ensure low residual

stresses in the area tobe repaired, the use of fast-setting highly reactive thermosetting resins shall be

avoided. The elongation atbreak of the thermosetting

resinsusedfortherepairshallbeatleast2.5%.

2.7 If the materials and laminates used for the

repair are not identical to those employed when the

component was manufactured, compatibility andequivalenceof thatparticularcombinationofmaterials

to the original ones shallbe verified with respect totheirproperties.

B. Procedure

1. Preparation

1.1 Damaged material, or material which nolonger exhibits completebonding, shallbe removedfromtheareatoberepaired.


22/67


23/67

Section 3 - Repair of Components B, C, D 33

3. Curing

3.1 During the curing process, it shall be ensured

that no changes in elongation take place in thelaminate.

3.2 Repaired components shall only be subjected

to loads or put into further operation after the thermo-

setting resin has cured sufficiently.

3.3 If no explicit values are quoted for the curingprocess by the manufacturer of the thermosetting resin

system, the following time periods shall apply for

cold-setting resin systems:

For a constant temperature of 16 C:at least 72 h,

For a constant temperature of 25 C:

at least 38 h.

3.4 If the repaired component was tempered

during manufacture, the area to be repaired shall also

be tempered after setting, if no proof is provided toshow that this is not necessary.

C. Documentation

1. Repairreport

1.1 The repair report shall at least contain thefollowing points:

Designation of the component and, if applicable,its identification number

Date and location of the repair (address of theshop or location in the field)

Start time of repair

Position and type of damage

Repair plan and approval No. Climatic conditions during repair and the curing

period (and the wind speed, in case the workwas not performed within a closed room)

Materials used (with batch number)

Mixing ratios for thermosetting resin systems;dosing report

Lay up (number of layers and orientation)

Any deviations from the repair plan

Duration of the repair

Curing time Signature of the head of the repair team

Note:

To assist in describing and explaining the repair,

sketches or pictures may be added to the repair

report.

D. Enclosures

1. The following examples of reports are en-

closed:

Example of a repair report

Example of an survey report


24/67

34 Section 3 - Repair of Components D

Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia

Laporan Survey Perbaikan Komponen - FRPSurvey Report for Repair of FRP-Components

Komponen/ Pembuat :Component/ (Manufacturer)

Lokasi (WEC) :Site (WEC)

No. Identifikasi Lainnya :Other Identification No.

No. Reg.Reg. No

Nama KapalShip Name

Lokasi PerbaikanSite of Repair

Tgl. PerbaikanDate of Repair

Tgl. SurveySurvey Date

Pemilik :Owner

Pemeriksaan kelayakan/ kesesuaian bengkel kerjaExamination of suitability of workshop

Pengakuan bengkel oleh BKIShop approval by BKI

Nama kepala tim perbaikanName of head of the repair team

Kepala tim disebutkan namanya secara jelas dalam (sertifikat)

pengakuan bengkelHead of repair team named explicitly in the shop approval

Tim Perbaikan mengetahui tentang Peraturan Perbaikan KomponenRepair team familiar with Rules of Repair of Components

Pengawasan PerbaikanRepair Surveillance

Rencana perbaikan telah disetujui oleh BKIRepair plan approved by BKI

Penyimpangan dari Peraturan BKI atau dari rencana perbaikan

(misalnya: bahan, kondisi iklim, pengerjaan) ? Deviation from BKI rules or from the repair plan (e.g. materials, climatic

conditions, execution) ?

Uraian :Description

Laporan Perbaikan disertakan Repair report enclosed

Tempat/ Tanggal Tanda TanganPlace/ Date : Signature

..

BKI - Surveyor

1 : Ya/ Yes 2 : Tidak/ No

Form. F.304- 2006


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Section 3 - Repair of Components D 35

Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia

Laporan Perbaikan Komponen - FRPRepair Report for FRP-Components

Data KomponenComponent Data

Penandaan : ..Designation

No. Register (untuk Kapal) :Register No.

No. Identifikasi lainnya : .Other Identification No.

Pemilik : ..Owner

... ..

Lokasi (untuk WEC) :..Site (for WEC)

Rincian Perbaikan :Details of Repair

Lokasi yang diperbaiki :...Site (of the repair)

Tanggal :...Dated

Kondisi cuaca pada saat perbaikan (setiap 3 jam)Climatic conditions during repair (every 3 h)

WaktuTime

TemperaturTemperature

Kelembaban relatifRelative Humadity

Kecepatan AnginWind speed

Mulai :Begin

Selesai :End

Bahan yang digunakanMaterials used

No. KelompokBatch number

Pengakuan BKIBKI Approval

Sistem resinResin system ..

Ya

Yes

Tidak

No

Lapisan atasTopcoat ..

Ya

Yes

Tidak

No

AdhesifAdhesive ..

Ya

Yes

Tidak

No

..

Ya

Yes

Tidak

No

..Ya

Yes

Tidak

No

Material PenguatReinforcement material

..Ya

Yes

Tidak

No

Laporan TakaranDosing Report

No. LotLot No.

ResinResin

Bahan PengeringCuring Agent

AkseleratorAccelerator

WaktuTime.

1/2

LOGOPERUSAHAANCOMPANY SYMBOL


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36 Section 3 - Repair of Components D

Posisi dan tipe kerusakan (jika perlu sketsa atau gambar pada lembar/ halaman terpisah)

Position and type of damage (if necessary sketches or pictures on separate page(s))

Uraian Penyimpangan dari rencana perbaikan (bila ada)

Description of deviations from the repair plan (if any)

Suhu maksimum dan minimum antara mulainya perbaikan dan penggunaan kembali komponen yang

diperbaiki

Maximum and minimum temperature between start of the repair and commissioning of the repaired component

Maks : [oC] Min : [

oC]

Max. Min.

Penggunaan kembali komponen yang diperbaiki

Comissioning of the repaired component

Tanggal : Waktu : .

Date Time

Tempat/ Tanggal

Place/Date Cap Perusahaan

Stamp of Company

.

Tanda Tangan Kepala Tim Perbaikan

Signature of the head of the repair team

2/2


27/67


RULES FOR NON - METALIC MATERIALSFINAL DRAFT

PART 2

WOOD

EDITION 2006


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31/67

Section1 - RequirementsforMaterials,BondingMethodsand A, B 11WoodProtection

Section 1

Requirements for Materials, Bonding Methods and Wood Protection

A. General

1. Classification according to the field of

application

1.1 Onlyprovenboatbuilding wood shallbe usedfor all timber components exposed to water and

weather, i.e. timber with good resistance to water and

weather, fungal attack and insect infestation, as wellas with good mechanical properties that are also

suitable for the particular application. Furthermore,it shallhavealowswellingandshrinkageproperties.

1.2 For components not exposed to water orweather, and not requiring strength, timber of lower

durabilitymaybeused.

2. Quality

The timber used inboatbuilding shallbe long-grained

and of thebest quality, i.e.be free from sap, shakes,

objectionable knots and other defects. Twisted-grownorroughsawcutwoodshallnotbeused.

3. Drying

3.1 The timber used shallbe well seasoned and

sufficiently dried, or shall be correctly dried in a

suitabledryingkiln.

3.2 For thispurpose, the timber shallbe stackedinpileswhichareassmallaspossible, so thatuniform

dryingisguaranteed.

3.3 In the case of forced drying, the residualmoisture content shall notbe more than 10%. When

processing, this content shall not exceed a maximum

of15%asaresultofhygroscopicbehaviour.

3.4 The moisture content shallbe determinedbyestablishing the loss of mass of a samplebetween its

state at the time of draw-off and its state after drying,

based on constant weight at 103 2 C and the

calculation of the weight loss as apercentage of the

dry mass. This shall be done in accordancewithDIN52375orISO9425.

B. TypesofWoodandClassifications

1. Solidwood

1.1 Radiallysawntimbershallmainlybeusedforboatbuilding. The angle of the annual rings to the

lowersawnedgeshallnotbelessthan45.

1.2 Table 1.2 shows the number of different

types of timber and their most importantproperties,

suchasdurability,specificgravity,aswellasbending,

tensile and compressive strength. Since these

properties can vary in the case of timber of the sametype,or evenwithinthesametrunk,noabsolutevalues

are indicated in the table,but rather reference values.The timberlistedisdividedintodurabilitygroupsfromIto V,whereby:

I = verygood

II = good

III= average

IV= moderate

V = poor

1.3 The timber used in boatbuilding shall, if

exposed to the weather or used for the primary

structural components of aboat, belong to at leastdurabilitygroupIII.

1.4 Inplace of the timber listed in Table 1.2,

other types can be used if the durability and thetechnological values are verified and are equivalent.

The manufacturer shall alwaysbe responsible for the

correctselectionofthequalityandtypeofwood.

1.5 Since wood has anisotropic material

properties, these shallbe taken into account during

the design of the components. It shall be ensuredthat the main direction of stress lies in the direction

of the greatest strength of wood, and that no

impairment of function of the component is caused

through the directional moisture coefficient ofexpansion.

1.6 The safety factors used in the strength

calculationsshallbeagreedonineachcasewithBKI.


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12 Section 1 - RequirementsforMaterials,BondingMethodsand B,

Wood Protection

C

2. Plywood

2.1 General

2.1.1 Plywood consists of individual layers which

are bonded together. In general, the layers can

comprise veneers, wooden slats or small wooden slats.

The panels described in this Regulation as plywoodshall consistexclusivelyofveneerlayers.

2.1.2 Theplywoodpanels consist of at least three

veneersbondedtransversely toeachother (Table1.1 or

1.3)bymeansofcurablesynthetic resinadhesives. The

resistance of the adhesives to water and weather shall

be demonstratedby long-termand outdoor testing.Thenumber of veneer layers is dependent on the thickness

and is defined in sub-sections C. "Boatbuilding

Plywood"andD."Plywoodforaircrafts".

2.2 Grades

2.2.1 The plywood panels are divided into two

grades KIIandKIII.

2.2.2 Both grades are identical with regard to

required strengths, including resistance to adhesives.

The only distinction is that thepanels of grade KI Iare suitable for use in onepiece, whilst those of grade

KI II may,because of non-permissible defects in the

middle and outer layers, onlybe used separately afterremovalofthedefects.

2.3 Paneldimensions

2.3.1 The dimensions of theplywoodpanels are to

be specifiedby the customer, if standard dimensions

inaccordancewithDIN4078arenotused.

2.3.2 The length of thepanels is measuredparallel

to the grain of the outer layer, and is always specified

first. The longitudinal and lateral tolerances are

5mm.

2.3.3 Thepermissiblethicknessdeviationis:

upto3mm10%

over3mm5%,butmaximum0.5mm

2.4 Bonding

2.4.1 Theplywoodpanels shallbebonded without

flaws (BFU 100 in accordance with DIN 68705). For

thispurpose, compliance with all decisive factors suchas wood moisture content, pressing power, pressing

temperature, pressing duration, glue characteristics,

charging etc. shall be observed continually and

carefully.

Atpresent,thefollowing synthetically-based adhesivesareapprovedbyBKIforplywoodproduction:

Phenolic adhesive (including phenolic adhesivefilm)

Melamineresinadhesives

Resorcinolresinadhesives

2.4.2 Ifanewglueisused,thenfaultless,error-freehandlingandbondingshallbedemonstratedtoBKIaswellasabsoluteresistancetowaterandboiling.

2.5 Structureandrequirements

Different regulations apply to the structures andplywood panels used in boatbuilding and aviation,

as listedinsub-sectionsC.andD.respectively.

2.6 Certificates

2.6.1 Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia issues certificatesfor tested and approved plywood panels, and these

are handedovertothemanufacturerand/orcustomer.

2.6.2 The certificate specifies, among other things,

the plywood type, the number of plywood panelsinspected, the stamping and, if requested, the average

valuesofthetestresults.

2.6.3 Independent of the testing by Biro

Klasifikasi Indonesia, the manufacturer is obliged to

continually carry out his own shop-based quality

control during all working steps, the selectionof thewood and its processing during production of the

plywoodpanels.

2.7 Storageoftheplywoodpanels

2.7.1 Finishedplywoodpanels which areplaced instorage shall be kept in closed rooms and stored

horizontally.

2.7.2 Theplywoodpanels shall onlybeplaced inhorizontal stores that are at least 30cm above the

ground and from the walls, in order to avoid the

effectsofmoisture.

2.7.3 Theindividualpilesshallbeprotectedagainst

moisturefromonesidebycoveringpanels.

2.7.4 Non-compliance with these storageregulationscanleadtoprevioustestsbeingdeclaredinvalid.

2.8 Strengthcalculations

The safety factors used in the strength calculations

shallbeagreedon,ineachcase,withBKI.

C. BoatbuildingPlywood

1. General

1.1 All plywood components exposed to water

andweather,orused inprimarystructuralcomponents(such as the deck, shell and bulkheads), shall be

produced fromboatbuilding plywood that has been

tested andincompliancewith10.6.


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Section1 - RequirementsforMaterials,BondingMethodsand C 13WoodProtection

1.2 Boatbuilding plywood consists of at leastthree veneersbonded crosswise together (Table1.1) by

means of curable synthetic-resin adhesives. The

resistance of these adhesives to water and weathershall be demonstrated by long-term and outdoor testing.

1.3 Asplywood can alsobe destroyed in suitableconditions by animal or plant pests, timber shall be used

which offers a natural resistance.

1.4 Independent of the testingby Biro Klasifikasi

Indonesia, the manufacturer is obliged to continually

carry out his own shop-based quality control of allworking steps, the selection of the wood and its

processing duringproductionoftheplywoodpanels.

1.5 Thepoints listedunderB.2shallbe taken into

account.

Table1.1: Minimum number and thickness of

theveneerlayers

2. Structure

2.1 The selection of timber and the structure of

the panels (number of veneer layers) shall be

appropriate for the field of application. Depending on

the application, strong, durable timber - e.g. makorand thehard,durablemahoganytypesofstrengthgroup

F1 (Table1.2) -withseveralthin inner layersofveneer

shallbe selected for load-carrying components subjectto high stresses. On the other hand,plywoodpanels of

lighter, less strong, and less durable timber of strength

groupF2 -e.g. khaya mahogany,okum - with thicker

and fewer inner layers of veneer and good surface

protectionaresuitableforlinings.

2.2 In general, veneers of 1.5mm thickness areused for the outer layers. However, efforts shouldbe

made to use thicker outer layersbecause of the later

reworking necessary in boatbuilding. However, their

thickness shall not exceed 2.6 mm because of

increaseddangerofshakesintheveneers.Inthecaseofinner layers, veneer layers in plywood panels up to

15mm thick may not have a thickness in excess of

2.6mm because of potential defects. For plywoodpanels thicker than 15 mm, veneer layers thicker than

3.8mmmaynotbeused.

2.3 Only in special cases and with the explicit

permissionbyBiro Klasifikasi Indonesia thisrestriction

can be waived. Suchplywoodpanelsare then assignedto the strengthgroupF2and markedaccordingly in the

BKIstamp.

2.4 The following table gives a list of the

required minimum number and thickness of the veneer

layers:

2.5 The veneer layers shall be symmetrical

aroundthemiddlelayer,bothwithrespectto thegrainaswellastothethicknessofthelayers.

2.6 The strength of theplywood panel can beincreased, or its property adapted to specific

requirements, through an increased number of veneer

layers, addition of extra glue and increasedpressingpower,as wellasthroughinsertionoffabriclayers.

2.7 For theproduction ofboatbuildingplywood

panels, only wood which is of the best quality,

flawless,healthy, free fromsapand springwoodshallbe usedfortheouterandinnerlayers.

3. Veneerjoints

3.1 Thejoints shallbe sealedperfectly and shall

bond the veneers to each otherbybuttjoints. The

joints shall be glued on a suitable joint bonding

machine.

3.2 The strips of veneer of the outer layers shallbe put together so that they match with regard totimberandcolour.

3.3 Sealed joints between all layers are a

preconditionforboatbuildingplywoodpanels.

3.4 Paper orplastic adhesive strips may notbe

usedtosecureorrepairinnerveneerlayers.

3.5 Thejointsof the different veneer layers shall

bestaggered.

3.6 Metalclampsused forsecuringpurposesmay

onlybepositioned on the edges of thepanels. They

shall on no account remain on thepanels when theyarecuttostandarddimensions.

Plywood

thickness [mm]

Minimum

number

of veneer

layers

Minimum

thickness of

the outer

layers

Greatest

thickness of

the inner

layersUp to 6Over 6 to 10

Over 10 to 15

35

7

1.5 mm 2.6 mm

Over 15 to 20

Over 20 to 26Over 26 to 34

Over 34 to 40

Over 40 to 48

Over 48 to 55

7

911

13

15

17

1.5 mm 3.8 mm


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14 Section1 - RequirementsforMaterials,BondingMethodsand C

Wood Protection

4. Strengthgroups

4.1 With regard to their suitability for the

production of boatbuilding plywood, the types oftimber listed in Table 1.2 are currently approved. The

timber is subdivided into two strength groups.Also shown is the natural durability and weathering

resistanceofthementionedtypesoftimber.

4.2 The plywood panels may be manufactured

fromoneorseveralof theapprovedkindsof timber. If

panels comprise different types of timber of both

strength groups, then all panels are assigned to the

group with the lower strength and areprovided withtherollerstampofthestrengthgroupF2.

4.3 All boatbuilding plywood panels which are

manufactured according to special specifications and

conditions of the customer, or deviate from BKI

requirements,areassigned to theappropriategroupandstampedaccordingtotheplywoodtype.

4.4 Other types of wood may onlybe used formakingplywoodpanelsuponagreementwithBKI.The

manufacturer shall always remain responsible for the

correctselectionofthequalityandtypeofwood.

5. Plywoodgrades

5.1 Boatbuilding plywood of the two strength

groups is subdivided into two grades after inspecting

its external and internal quality. In relation to theirrespective groups, grades I and II are identical withregard to type of wood, strength, production and

bonding.Theydiffer insofar that thepanelsofgrade I

canbe used completely, while thepanels of grade IIare restricted to partial use because of local

manufacturingdefectsortimberflaws.

5.2 ThedefectsofgradeIIshallbelimitedtoone

thirdof theareaof thepanel.Two thirdsof thepanel

shallbe free of defects and suitable for use. The

defectsareidentifiedduringinspectionbymarking.

5.3 Thevisiblesideoftheplywoodpanelshallbemanufactured virtually without any defects and,furthermore, the quality, colour and grain shallbe

combined in such a manner that they match. The

hidden surface may have small colour differences orslight blemishes which do not influence the strength

of the panel.

Table1.2 Plywoodstrengthgroups

Mean tensile strength ofplywood

Timber type Botanical name

Density,

air-driedapprox. [g/cm3]

DurabilityLongitudinal

[N/mm2]

Transverse[N/mm

2]

Strength group : F1 (for load bearing components)

TeakMakoreDoukaUtileSapele mahoganyOak

Tectona grandisDumoria hekeliiDumoria AfricanaEntandrophragma utileEntandrophragma cylindricumQuercus sp.

0.640.620.620.570.590.63

I,II,IIIII

II

404040404040

303030303030

Strength group : F21

Bigleaf mahoganyKhaya mahoganyOkume (Gaboon)

Switenia macrophyllaKhaya ivorensisAucoumea klaineana

0.490.450.41

IIII IIIIV - V

404040

303030

1

1 Only for non-load bearing components2 For other wood material except if have same strength


35/67

Section1 - RequirementsforMaterials,BondingMethodsand C 15WoodProtection

6. Defects

6.1 The following wood and production defects

arenotpermissiblein theouterand innerveneer layers:

a) Anybondingdefects

b) Loose contra-shaving wood; strongly curly-grained, short-fibred wood growth at rightanglestotherunofthegrain;cross-cuttimber

c) Larger, more prominent wood discolouration or

mould stains which tend to cause rot and allother defects which could have a noticeableaffectonthestrengthofthepanel

d) Wood discolouration on both sides, or stronggluebleedingonbothsides

e) Looseblack (dead) knots, holes, loosejoints orblockingcracksintheveneerlayers

f) Overlappingoftheveneerlayers(folding).

Thefollowingcanbepermitted:

a) Up to three healthy tight knots of 15 mmmaximumforeachsideofthepanel

b) Up to three knots of 25mm maximum oneach side of thepanel which havebeenperfectlyrepaired

c) Up to three cracks of the veneer edge which

havebeenperfectly repaired. The cracks maybe

up to 1/10 of thepanel length and on each side

ofthepanel.

d) Small local edge flaws up to 3cm length do nothavetobeconsidered.

Only one type ofpermissible defects listed in a) to c)shallbepresent.

7. Repairs

7.1 Repairs maybe carried out on the finished,

pressed boatbuilding plywood panels to a limitedextent, provided that the quality of the panel is not

impaired inanyway.The repairsshallbecarriedout atthe appropriate temperature underpressingpower with

agluewhichisresistanttowaterandweather.

7.2 Shakesofup to 1/10of thepanel lengthand 1mmwidth,andsmallknotholesupto5mm,may berepairedwithwoodputtyofthesamecolour.

7.3 Wider shakes and defects of up to 1/10 of the

panel length shallbebonded so that they are weather-

resistant. In doing so, care shallbe taken when fittingand selecting the strips such that they are fromappropriate timber and have the same colour. Therepair work shall be carried out under pressure inaccordance withDIN68705BFU100.

8. Surfacetreatment

8.1 Afterpressing, theplywoodpanels shallbe

subjected to sufficient soaking to ensure that their

moisturecontentagainrisesto612%.Theplywoodpanels may either remain unsanded or be lightly

sanded.

8.2 Theouter layersof theplywoodpanelscut totheir final dimensions shallbe at least 1.0mm (after

thepressing and sanding) at the thinnestpoint. When

sanding the panels, special care shall be taken toensurethatthisrequirementismet.

9. Paneldimension

rules for non metalic materials

Documents