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Rumi

Mewln Jall ad-Dn Muammad Balkh

Jalal ad-Dn Muhammad Rumi

Title Mawln (Classical Persian), Mowln (Modern Persian), and Mevlna (Modern Turkish)

Born 1207 C.E.Wakhsh (present-day Tajikistan)[1]

Died 17 December 1273 C.E.Konya (present-day Turkey)

Resting place Konya (present-day Turkey)375214.33N 323016.74E [2]Coordinates: 375214.33N 323016.74E [2]

Ethnicity Persian

Era Medieval

Region Khwarazmian Empire (Balkh: 1212 and 121317; Samarkand: 121213)[3]

Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (Malatya: 121719; Akehir: 121922; Larende: 122228; Konya: 1228 until his death in 1273AD.)

Creed Hanafi, Sufism; his followers formed the Mevlevi Order

Main interest(s) Sufi poetry, Sufi whirling, Muraqaba, Dhikr

Notable idea(s) Persian poetry, Ney and Sufi dance

Notable work(s) Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi, Fihi Ma Fihi

Jall ad-Dn Muhammad Balkh (Persian: ), also known as Jall ad-Dn Muhammad Rm( ), and more popularly in the English-speaking world simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 17December 1273), was a 13th-century Persian[][4] poet, jurist, theologian, and Sufi mystic.[5] Iranians, Turks,Afghans, Tajiks, and other Central Asian Muslims as well as the Muslims of South Asia have greatly appreciated hisspiritual legacy in the past seven centuries.[6] Rumi's importance is considered to transcend national and ethnicborders. His poems have been widely translated into many of the world's languages and transposed into variousformats. In 2007, he was described as the "most popular poet in America."Rumi's works are written in Persian and his Mathnawi remains one of the purest literary glories of Persia,[7] and one of the crowning glories of the Persian language.[8] His original works are widely read today in their original language across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and parts of Persian speaking Central Asia).[9]

Translations of his works are very popular in other countries. His poetry has influenced Persian literature as well as

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Urdu, Punjabi, Turkish and some other Iranian, Turkic and Indic languages written in Perso-Arabic script e.g.Pashto, Ottoman Turkish, Chagatai and Sindhi.

NameJall ad-Dn Muammad Balkh (Persian: Persian pronunciation:[dllddin mohmmdeblxi]) is also known as Jall ad-Dn Muammad Rm ( Persian pronunciation:[dllddinmohmmde umi]). He is widely known by the sobriquet Mawln/Moln[] (Persian: Persianpronunciation:[mouln]) in Iran and Afghanistan, and popularly known as Mevlna in Turkey. According to theauthoritative Rumi biographer Franklin Lewis of the University of Chicago, "[t]he Anatolian peninsula which hadbelonged to the Byzantine, or eastern Roman empire, had only relatively recently been conquered by Muslims andeven when it came to be controlled by Turkish Muslim rulers, it was still known to Arabs, Persians and Turks as thegeographical area of Rum. As such, there are a number of historical personages born in or associated with Anatoliaknown as Rumi, a word borrowed from Arabic literally meaning Roman, in which context Roman refers tosubjects of the Byzantine Empire or simply to people living in or things associated with Anatolia. In Muslimcountries, therefore, Jalal al-Din is not generally known as "Rumi"."[10] The terms Mawlavi (Persian) andMevlevi (Turkish) which mean "having to do with the master" are more often used for him.[11]

Life

Jalal ad-Din Rumi gathers Sufi mystics.

Rumi was born to native Persian speaking parents,[12][13][14] probablyin the village of Wakhsh,[] a small town located at the river Wakhsh inPersia (in what is now Tajikistan). Wakhsh belonged to the largerprovince of Balkh (parts of now modern Afghanistan and Tajikistan),and in the year Rumi was born, his father was an appointed scholarthere.

Greater Balkh was at that time a major center of a Persian culture[15]

and Khorasani Sufism had developed there for several centuries.Indeed, the most important influences upon Rumi, besides his father,are said to be the Persian poets Attar and Sanai.[16] Rumi in one poemexpress his appreciation: "Attar was the spirit, Sanai his eyes twain,And in time thereafter, Came we in their train"[17] and mentions inanother poem: "Attar has traversed the seven cities of Love, We arestill at the turn of one street".[18] His father was also connected to thespiritual lineage of Najm al-Din Kubra.

He lived most of his life under the Persianate[19][20][21] SeljuqSultanate of Rum, where he produced his works [22] and died in1273AD. He was buried in Konya and his shrine became a place ofpilgrimage.[23] Following his death, his followers and his son SultanWalad founded the Mevlevi Order, also known as the Order of theWhirling Dervishes, famous for its Sufi dance known as the Samaceremony. He was laid to rest beside his father, and over his remains a splendid shrine was erected. A hagiographicalaccount of him is described in Shams ud-Din Ahmad Aflki's Manqib ul-rifn (written between 1318 and 1353).This hagiographical account of his biography needs to be treated with care as it contains both legends and facts aboutRumi.[24] For example, Professor Franklin Lewis, Chicago University, in the most complete biography on Rumi hasa separate section for the hagiographical biography on Rumi and actual biography about him.

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Rumi's father was Bah ud-Dn Walad, a theologian, jurist and a mystic from Wakhsh, who was also known by thefollowers of Rumi as Sultan al-Ulama or "Sultan of the Scholars". The popular hagiographer assertions that haveclaimed the family's descent from the Caliph Abu Bakr does not hold on closer examination and is rejected bymodern scholars.[][25][26] The claim of maternal descent from the Khwarazmshah for Rumi or his father is also seenas a non-historical hagiographical tradition designed to connect the family with royalty, but this claim is rejected forchronological and historical reasons. The most complete genealogy offered for the family stretches back to six orseven generations to famous Hanafi Jurists.We do not learn the name of Baha al-Din's mother in the sources, but only that he referred to her as "Mmi"(Colloquial Persian for Mma)[27] and that she was a simple woman and that she lives in 13th century. The mother ofRumi was Mu'mina Khtn. The profession of the family for several generations was that of Islamic preachers of theliberal Hanafi rite and this family tradition was continued by Rumi (see his Fihi Ma Fih and Seven Sermons) andSultan Walad (see Ma'rif Waladi for examples of his everyday sermons and lectures).When the Mongols invaded Central Asia sometime between 1215 and 1220, Baha ud-Din Walad, with his wholefamily and a group of disciples, set out westwards. According to hagiographical account which is not agreed upon byall Rumi scholars, Rumi encountered one of the most famous mystic Persian poets, Attar, in the Iranian city ofNishapur, located in the province of Khorsn. Attar immediately recognized Rumi's spiritual eminence. He saw thefather walking ahead of the son and said, "Here comes a sea followed by an ocean."Wikipedia:Quotations He gavethe boy his Asrrnma, a book about the entanglement of the soul in the material world. This meeting had a deepimpact on the eighteen-year-old Rumi and later on became the inspiration for his works.From Nishapur, Walad and his entourage set out for Baghdad, meeting many of the scholars and Sufis of the city.[28]

From Baghdad they went to Hejaz and performed the pilgrimage at Mecca. The migrating caravan then passedthrough Damascus, Malatya, Erzincan, Sivas, Kayseri and Nigde. They finally settled in Karaman for seven years;Rumi's mother and brother both died there. In 1225, Rumi married Gowhar Khatun in Karaman. They had two sons:Sultan Walad and Ala-eddin Chalabi. When his wife died, Rumi married again and had a son, Amir Alim Chalabi,and a daughter, Malakeh Khatun.On 1 May 1228, most likely as a result of the insistent invitation of 'Al' ud-Dn Key-Qobd, ruler of Anatolia, Baha'ud-Din came and finally settled in Konya in Anatolia within the westernmost territories of the Seljuk Sultanate ofRm.Baha' ud-Din became the head of a madrassa (religious school) and when he died, Rumi, aged twenty-five, inheritedhis position as the Islamic molvi. One of Baha' ud-Din's students, Sayyed Burhan ud-Din Muhaqqiq Termazi,continued to train Rumi in the Shariah as well as the Tariqa, especially that of Rumi's father. For nine years, Rumipracticed Sufism as a disciple of Burhan ud-Din until the latter died in 1240 or 1241. Rumi's public life then began:he became an Islamic Jurist, issuing fatwas and giving sermons in the mosques of Konya. He also served as a Molvi(Islamic teacher) and taught his adherents in the madrassa.During this period, Rumi also traveled to Damascus and is said to have spent four years there.It was his meeting with the dervish Shams-e Tabrizi on 15 November 1244 that completely changed his life. From anaccomplished teacher and jurist, Rumi was transformed into an ascetic.Shams had traveled throughout the Middle East searching and praying for someone who could "endure mycompany". A voice said to him, "What will you give in return?" Shams replied, "My head!" The voice then said,"The one you seek is Jalal ud-Din of Konya." On the night of 5 December 1248, as Rumi and Shams were talking,Shams was called to the back door. He went out, never to be seen again. It is rumored that Shams was murdered withthe connivance of Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if so, Shams indeed gave his head for the privilege of mysticalfriendship.[29]

Rumi's love for, and his bereavement at the death of, Shams found their expression in an outpouring lyric poems, Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi. He himself went out searching for Shams and journeyed again to Damascus. There, he

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realized:Why should I seek? I am the same asHe. His essence speaks through me.I have been looking for myself![30]

Mewlana had been spontaneously composing ghazals (Persian poems), and these had been collected in the Divan-iKabir or Diwan Shams Tabrizi. Rumi found another companion in Sala ud-Din-e Zarkub, a goldsmith. After Salahud-Din's death, Rumi's scribe and favorite student, Hussam-e Chalabi, assumed the role of Rumi's companion. Oneday, the two of them were wandering through the Meram vineyards outside Konya when Hussam described to Rumian idea he had had: "If you were to write a book like the Ilhnma of Sanai or the Mantiq ut-Tayr of 'Attar, it wouldbecome the companion of many troubadours. They would fill their hearts from your work and compose music toaccompany it." Rumi smiled and took out a piece of paper on which were written the opening eighteen lines of hisMasnavi, beginning with:

Listen to the reed and the tale it tells,How it sings of separation...

Hussam implored Rumi to write more. Rumi spent the next twelve years of his life in Anatolia dictating the sixvolumes of this masterwork, the Masnavi, to Hussam.In December 1273, Rumi fell ill; he predicted his own death and composed the well-known ghazal, which beginswith the verse:

How doest thou know what sort of king I have within me as companion?Do not cast thy glance upon my golden face, for I have iron legs.

Rumi died on 17 December 1273 in Konya; his body was interred beside that of his father, and a splendid shrine, theYeil Trbe (Green Tomb, ; today the Mevlna Museum), was erected over his place of burial. His epitaphreads:

When we are dead, seek not our tomb in the earth, but find it in the hearts of men.[31]

The 13th century Mevlna Mausoleum, with its mosque, dance hall, dervish living quarters, school and tombs ofsome leaders of the Mevlevi Order, continues to this day to draw pilgrims from all parts of the Muslim andnon-Muslim world. Jalal al-Din who is also known as Rumi, was a philosopher and mystic of Islam. His doctrineadvocates unlimited tolerance, positive reasoning, goodness, charity and awareness through love. To him and to hisdisciples all religions are more or less truth. Looking with the same eye on Muslim, Jew and Christian alike, hispeaceful and tolerant teaching has appealed to people of all sects and creeds.

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Teachings

A page of a copy circa 1503 of the Diwan-eShams-e Tabriz-i.

The general theme of Rumi's thought, like that of other mystic and Sufipoets of Persian literature, is essentially that of the concept oftawhid union with his beloved (the primal root) from which/whomhe has been cut off and become aloof and his longing and desire torestore it.

The Masnavi weaves fables, scenes from everyday life, Qur'anicrevelations and exegesis, and metaphysics into a vast and intricatetapestry. In the East, it is said of him that he was "not a prophet butsurely, he has brought a scripture."Wikipedia:Quotations

Rumi believed passionately in the use of music, poetry and dance as apath for reaching God. For Rumi, music helped devotees to focus theirwhole being on the divine and to do this so intensely that the soul wasboth destroyed and resurrected. It was from these ideas that thepractice of whirling Dervishes developed into a ritual form. Histeachings became the base for the order of the Mevlevi which his sonSultan Walad organized. Rumi encouraged Sama, listening to musicand turning or doing the sacred dance. In the Mevlevi tradition, samrepresents a mystical journey of spiritual ascent through mind and loveto the Perfect One. In this journey, the seeker symbolically turns towards the truth, grows through love, abandons theego, finds the truth and arrives at the Perfect. The seeker then returns from this spiritual journey, with greatermaturity, to love and to be of service to the whole of creation without discrimination with regard to beliefs, races,classes and nations.

In other verses in the Masnavi, Rumi describes in detail the universal message of love:The lovers cause is separate from all other causesLove is the astrolabe of God's mysteries.

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Major works

An Ottoman era manuscript depicting Rumi andShams-e Tabrizi.

Rumi's poetry is often divided into various categories: the quatrains(rubayt) and odes (ghazal) of the Divan, the six books of the Masnavi.The prose works are divided into The Discourses, The Letters, and theSeven Sermons.

Poetic works

Manawye Ma'nawMevlana MuseumMevlnaMuseum, Konya, Turkey

Rumi's major work is the Manawye Ma'naw (Spiritual Couplets; ), a six-volume poem regarded by some Sufis[32] as thePersian-language Qur'an. It is considered by many to be one of thegreatest works of mystical poetry.[33] It contains approximately27000 lines of Persian poetry.[34]

Rumi's other major work is the Dwn-e Kabr (Great Work) orDwn-e Shams-e Tabrz (The Works of Shams of Tabriz; ), named in honor of Rumi's master Shams. Besidesapproximately 35000 Persian couplets and 2000 Persianquatrains,[35] the Divan contains 90 Ghazals and 19 quatrains inArabic,[36] a couple of dozen or so couplets in Turkish (mainlymacaronic poems of mixed Persian and Turkish)[37][38] and 14 couplets in Greek (all of them in three macaronicpoems of Greek-Persian).[39][40]

Prose works Fihi Ma Fihi (In It What's in It, Persian: ) provides a record of seventy-one talks and lectures given by

Rumi on various occasions to his disciples. It was compiled from the notes of his various disciples, so Rumi didnot author the work directly.[41] An English translation from the Persian was first published by A.J. Arberry asDiscourses of Rumi(New York: Samuel Weiser, 1972), and a translation of the second book by WheelerThackston, Sign of the Unseen(Putney, VT: Threshold Books, 1994). The style of the Fihi ma fihi are colloqualand are meant for middle-class men and women, and lack the sophisticated wordplay.[42]

Majles-e Sab'a (Seven Sessions, Persian: ) contains seven Persian sermons (as the name implies) or lectures given in seven different assemblies. The sermons themselves give a commentary on the deeper meaning of Qur'an and Hadeeth. The sermons also include quotations from poems of Sana'i, 'Attar, and other poets,

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including Rumi himself. As Aflak relates, after Shams-e Tabrz, Rumi gave sermons at the request of notables,especially Salh al-Dn Zarkb. The style of Persian is rather simple, but quotation of Arabic and knowledge ofhistory and the Hadith show Rumi's knowledge in the Islamic sciences. His style is the typical of the genre oflectures given by Sufis and spiritual teachers.[43]

Makatib (The Letters, Persian: ) is the book containing Rumi's letters in Persian to his disciples, familymembers, and men of state and of influence. The letters testify that Rumi kept very busy helping family membersand administering a community of disciples that had grown up around them. Unlike the Persian style of theprevious two mentioned work (which are lectures and sermons), the letters is consciously sophisticated andepistolar, which is in conformity with the expectations of correspondence directed to nobles, statement andkings.[44]

Philosophical outlookRumi was an evolutionary thinker in the sense that he believed that the spirit after devolution from the divine Egoundergoes an evolutionary process by which it comes nearer and nearer to the same divine Ego.[45] All matter in theuniverse obeys this law and this movement is due to an inbuilt urge (which Rumi calls "love") to evolve and seekenjoinment with the divinity from which it has emerged. Evolution into a human being from an animal is only onestage in this process. The doctrine of the Fall of Adam is reinterpreted as the devolution of the Ego from theuniversal ground of divinity and is a universal, cosmic phenomenon.[46] The French philosopher Henri Bergson'sidea of life being creative and evolutionary is similar, though unlike Bergson, Rumi believes that there is a specificgoal to the process: the attainment of God. For Rumi, God is the ground as well as the goal of all existence.However Rumi need not be considered a biological evolutionary creationist. In view of the fact that Rumi livedhundreds of years before Darwin, and was least interested in scientific theories, it is probable to conclude that hedoes not deal with biological evolution at all. Rather he is concerned with the spiritual evolution of a human being:Man not conscious of God is akin to an animal and true consciousness makes him divine. Nicholson has seen this asa Neo-Platonic doctrine: the universal soul working through the various spheres of being, a doctrine introduced intoIslam by Muslim philosophers like Al Farabi and being related at the same time to Ibn Sina's idea of love as themagnetically working power by which life is driven into an upward trend.[47]

I died as a mineral and became a plant,I died as plant and rose to animal,I died as animal and I was Man.Why should I fear? When was I less bydying?Yet once more I shall die as Man, to soarWith angels bless'd; but even from angelhoodI must pass on: all except God doth perish.When I have sacrificed my angel-soul,I shall become what no mind e'er conceived.Oh, let me not exist! for Non-existenceProclaims in organ tones,To Him we shall return.

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UniversalityIt is often said that the teachings of Rumi are ecumenical in nature.[48] For Rumi, religion was mostly a personalexperience and not limited to logical arguments or perceptions of the senses.[49] Creative love, or the urge to rejointhe spirit to divinity, was the goal towards which every thing moves. The dignity of life, in particular human life(which is conscious of its divine origin and goal), was important. The nation of Love has a different religion of all religions For lovers, God alone is their religion

IslamHowever, despite the aforementioned ecumenical attitude, and contrary to his contemporary portrayal in the West asa proponent of non-denominational spirituality, a number of Rumi poems suggest the importance of outwardreligious observance, the primacy of the Qur'an.

Flee to God's Qur'an, take refuge in itthere with the spirits of the prophets merge.The Book conveys the prophets' circumstancesthose fish of the pure sea of Majesty.

Seyyed Hossein Nasr states:One of the greatest living authorities on Rm in Persia today, Hd H'ir, has shown in an unpublishedwork that some 6,000 verses of the Dwn and the Mathnaw are practically direct translations ofQur'nic verses into Persian poetry.[50]

Rumi states in his Dwn:The Sufi is hanging on to Muhammad, like Abu Bakr.[51]

His Masnavi contains anecdotes and stories derived largely from the Quran and the hadith, as well as everyday tales.On the first page of the Masnavi, Rumi states:

"Hadha kitbu 'l- mathnawy wa huwa uSlu uSli uSli 'd-dn wa kashshfu 'l-qur'n."This is the book of the Masnavi, and it is the roots of the roots of the roots of the (Islamic) Religion andit is the Explainer of the Qur'n.Wikipedia:Quotations

The famous (15th century) Sufi poet Jm, said of the Masnavi,[52]

"Hast qur'n dar zabn- pahlaw"It is the Qur'n in the Persian tongue.

LegacyRumi's poetry forms the basis of much classical Iranian and Afghan music (Eastern-Persian, Tajik-Hazaramusic).[citation needed] Contemporary classical interpretations of his poetry are made by Muhammad Reza Shajarian,Shahram Nazeri, Davood Azad (the three from Iran) and Ustad Mohammad Hashem Cheshti (Afghanistan). Tomany modern Westerners, his teachings are one of the best introductions to the philosophy and practice of Sufism. Inthe West Shahram Shiva has been teaching, performing and sharing the translations of the poetry of Rumi for nearlytwenty years and has been instrumental in spreading Rumi's legacy in the English-speaking parts of the world.Pakistan's National Poet, Muhammad Iqbal, was also inspired by Rumi's works and considered him to be his spiritualleader, addressing him as "Pir Rumi" in his poems (the honorific Pir literally means "old man", but in the Sufi/mysticcontext it means founder, master, or guide).Shahram Shiva asserts that "Rumi is able to verbalize the highly personal and often confusing world of personal growth and development in a very clear and direct fashion. He does not offend anyone, and he includes everyone.... Today Rumi's poems can be heard in churches, synagogues, Zen monasteries, as well as in the downtown New York

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art/performance/music scene."According to Professor Majid M. Naini,[53] "Rumi's life and transformation provide true testimony and proof thatpeople of all religions and backgrounds can live together in peace and harmony. Rumis visions, words, and lifeteach us how to reach inner peace and happiness so we can finally stop the continual stream of hostility and hatredand achieve true global peace and harmony.Rumi's work has been translated into many of the world's languages, including Russian, German, Urdu, Turkish,Arabic, Bengali, French, Italian, and Spanish, and is being presented in a growing number of formats, includingconcerts, workshops, readings, dance performances, and other artistic creations.[54] The English interpretations ofRumi's poetry by Coleman Barks have sold more than half a million copies worldwide,[55] and Rumi is one of themost widely read poets in the United States.[56] Shahram Shiva book "Rending the Veil: Literal and PoeticTranslations of Rumi" (1995, HOHM Press) is the recipient of the Benjamin Franklin Award.Recordings of Rumi poems have made it to the USA's Billboard's Top 20 list. A selection of American authorDeepak Chopra's editing of the translations by Fereydoun Kia of Rumi's love poems has been performed byHollywood personalities such as Madonna, Goldie Hawn, Philip Glass and Demi Moore.There is a famous landmark in Northern India, known as Rumi Gate, situated in Lucknow (the capital of UttarPradesh) named for Rumi.Rumi and his mausoleum were depicted on the reverse of the 5000 Turkish lira banknotes of 19811994.[57]

Iranian world Say all in Persian even if Arabic is better Love will find its way through all languages on its own.

These cultural, historical and linguistic ties between Rumi and Iran have made Rumi an iconic Iranian poet, andsome of the most important Rumi scholars including Foruzanfar, Naini, Sabzewari, etc., have come from modernIran.[58] Rumi's poetry is displayed on the walls of many cities across Iran, sung in Persian music, and read in schoolbooks.[59]

Mewlew Sufi OrderThe Mewlew Sufi order was founded in 1273 by Rumi's followers after his death.[60] His first successor in therectorship of the order was "Husam Chalabi" himself, after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only survivingson, Sultan Walad (died 1312), favorably known as author of the mystical Manaw Rabbnma, or the Book of theRabab was installed as grand master of the order.[61] The leadership of the order has been kept within Rumi's familyin Konya uninterruptedly since then. The Mewlew Sufis, also known as Whirling Dervishes, believe in performingtheir dhikr in the form of Sama. During the time of Rumi (as attested in the Manqib ul-refn of Aflk), hisfollowers gathered for musical and "turning" practices.According to tradition, Rumi was himself a notable musician who played the robb, although his favorite instrumentwas the ney or reed flute.[62] The music accompanying the sam consists of settings of poems from the Manaw andDwn-e Kabr, or of Sultan Walad's poems. The Mawlawyah was a well-established Sufi order in the OttomanEmpire, and many of the members of the order served in various official positions of the Caliphate. The center forthe Mevlevi was in Konya. There is also a Mewlew monastery (, dargh) in Istanbul near the Galata Tower inwhich the sam is performed and accessible to the public. The Mewlew order issues an invitation to people of allbackgrounds:

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Come, come, whoever you are,Wanderer, idolater, worshiper of fire,Come even though you have broken your vows a thousandtimes,Come, and come yet again.Ours is not a caravan of despair.

Rumi's tomb in Konya, Turkey.

During Ottoman times, the Mevlevi produced a number of notablepoets and musicians, including Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede ofAnkara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede, who are all buriedat the Galata Mewlew Khna (Turkish: Mevlevi-Hane) in Istanbul.[63]

Music, especially that of the ney, plays an important part in theMevlevi.

With the foundation of the modern, secular Republic of Turkey,Mustafa Kemal Atatrk removed religion from the sphere of publicpolicy and restricted it exclusively to that of personal morals, behaviorand faith. On 13 December 1925, a law was passed closing all the

tekkes (or tekeyh) (dervish lodges) and zwiyas (chief dervish lodges), and the centers of veneration to whichpilgrimages (ziyrat) were made. Istanbul alone had more than 250 tekkes as well as small centers for gatherings ofvarious fraternities; this law dissolved the Sufi Orders, prohibited the use of mystical names, titles and costumespertaining to their titles, impounded the Orders' assets, and banned their ceremonies and meetings. The law alsoprovided penalties for those who tried to re-establish the Orders. Two years later, in 1927, the Mausoleum ofMevlna in Konya was allowed to reopen as a Museum.[64]

In the 1950s, the Turkish government began allowing the Whirling Dervishes to perform once a year in Konya. TheMewln festival is held over two weeks in December; its culmination is on 17 December, the Urs of Mewln(anniversary of Rumi's death), called abe Ars ( ) (Persian meaning "nuptial night"), the night of Rumi'sunion with God.[65] In 1974, the Whirling Dervishes were permitted to travel to the West for the first time. In 2005,UNESCO proclaimed the "The Mevlevi Sama Ceremony" of Turkey as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral andIntangible Heritage of Humanity.[66]

Religious denominationAccording to Edward G. Browne, the three most prominent mystical Persian poets Rumi, Sanai and Attar were allSunni Muslims and their poetry abounds with praise for the first two caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattb.[67]

According to Annemarie Schimmel, the tendency among Shia authors to include leading mystical poets such asRumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction of Twelver Shia as the state religionin the Safavid Empire in 1501.[68]

Eight hundredth anniversary celebrationsIn Afghanistan, Rumi is known as Mawln, in Turkey as Mevlna, and in Iran as Molav.At the proposal of the Permanent Delegations of Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey, and as approved by its ExecutiveBoard and General Conference in conformity with its mission of constructing in the minds of men the defences ofpeace, UNESCO was associated with the celebration, in 2007, of the eight hundredth anniversary of Rumi'sbirth.[69] The commemoration at UNESCO itself took place on 6 September 2007;[70] UNESCO issued a medal inRumi's name in the hope that it would prove an encouragement to those who are engaged in research on anddissemination of Rumi's ideas and ideals, which would, in turn, enhance the diffusion of the ideals ofUNESCO.[71][72]

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The Afghan Ministry of Culture and Youth established a national committee which organized an internationalseminar to celebrate the birth and life of the great ethical philosopher and world-renowned poet. This grandgathering of the intellectuals, diplomats, and followers of Mewlana was held in Kabul and in Balkh, the Mewlana'splace of birth.[73]

On 30 September 2007, Iranian school bells were rung throughout the country in honor of Mewlana.[74] Also in thatyear, Iran held a Rumi Week from 26 October to 2 November. An international ceremony and conference were heldin Tehran; the event was opened by the Iranian president and the chairman of the Iranian parliament. Scholars fromtwenty-nine countries attended the events, and 450 articles were presented at the conference.[75] Iranian musicianShahram Nazeri was awarded the Lgion d'honneur and Iran's House of Music Award in 2007 for his renownedworks on Rumi masterpieces.[76] 2007 was declared as the "International Rumi Year" by UNESCO.[77][78]

Also on 30 September 2007, Turkey celebrated Rumis eight-hundredth birthday with a giant Whirling Dervish ritualperformance of the sam, which was televised using forty-eight cameras and broadcast live in eight countries.Ertugrul Gunay, of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, stated, "Three hundred dervishes are scheduled to take partin this ritual, making it the largest performance of sama in history."[79]

Mawlana Rumi ReviewThe "Mawlana Rumi Review [80]" (ISSN 2042-3357) is published annually by The Centre for Persian and IranianStudies at the University of Exeter in collaboration with The Rumi Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus, and Archetype Books[81], Cambridge.[82] The first volume was published in 2010 and it has come out annually since then. According tothe principal editor of the journal, Leonard Lewisohn: "Although a number of major Islamic poets easily rival thelikes of Dante, Shakespeare and Milton in importance and output, they still enjoy only a marginal literary fame in theWest because the works of Arabic and Persian thinkers, writers and poets are considered as negligible, frivolous,tawdry sideshows beside the grand narrative of the Western Canon. It is the aim of the Mawlana Rumi Review toredress this carelessly inattentive approach to world literature, which is something far more serious than a minor fauxpas committed by the Western literary imagination."[83]

References[1] William Harmless, Mystics, (Oxford University Press, 2008), 167.[2] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Rumi& params=37_52_14. 33_N_32_30_16. 74_E_[3] C. E. Bosworth, 1988, BAL, city and province in northern Afghanistan, Encyclopaedia Iranica: Later, suzerainty over it passed to the Qar

ety of Transoxania, until in 594/1198 the Ghurid Bah-al-Dn Sm b. Moammad of Bmn occupied it when its Turkish governor, avassal of the Qar ety, had died, and incorporated it briefly into the Ghurid empire. Yet within a decade, Bal and Terme passed to theGhurids rival, the razmh Al-al-Dn Moammad, who seized it in 602/1205-06 and appointed as governor there a Turkishcommander, ari or Jafar. In summer of 617/1220 the Mongols first appeared at Bal. (http:/ / www. iranicaonline. org/ articles/balk-town-and-province#pt2)

[4][4] Franklin D. Lewis, "Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The life, Teaching and poetry of Jalal Al-Din Rumi", Oneworld PublicationLimited, 2008 p. 9: "How is that a Pesian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of greater Iran, in aregion that we identify today as Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of the greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up incentral Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere"

[5][5] Annemarie Schimmel, "The Mystery of Numbers",Oxford University Press, Apr 7, 1994. p. 51: "These examples are taken from the Persianmystic Rumi's work, not from Chinese, but they express the yang-yin relationship with perfect lucidity."

[6][6] Seyyed Hossein Nasr, "Islamic Art and Spirituality", Suny Press, 1987. p. 115: "Jalal al-Din was born in a major center of Persian culture,Balkh, from Persian speaking parents, and is the product of that Islamic Persian culture which in the 7th/13th century dominated the 'whole ofthe eastern lands of Islam and to which present day Persians as well as Turks, Afghans, Central Asian Muslims and the Muslims of theIndo-Pakistani subcontinent are heir. It is precisely in this world that the sun of his spiritual legacy has shone most brillianty during the pastseven centuries. The father of Jalal al-Din, Muhammad ibn Husayn Khatibi, known as Baha al-Din Walad and entitled Sultan al-'ulama', wasan outstanding Sufi in Balkh connected to the spiritual lineage of Najm al-Din Kubra."

[7] Louis Gardet, "Religion and Culture" in the "The Cambridge History of Islam part VIII: Islamic Society and Civilization edited by P.M. Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis, Cambridge University Press (1977), p. 586: "It is sufficient to mention 'Aziz al-Din Nasafi,Farid al-Din 'Attar and Sa'adi, and above all Jalal al-Din Rumi, whose Mathnawi remains one of the purest literary glories of Persia"

Rumi 12

[8][8] C.E. Bosworth, "Turkmen Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO HISTORY OF HUMANITY, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh tothe Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law,theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in theearly adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubd, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language(Turkmen must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the thirteenthcentury with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bah' al-Dn Walad and his sonMawln Jall al-Dn Rm, whose Mathnaw, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the crowning glories of classical Persian literature."

[9] Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2012 RFE/RL, Inc. All Rights Reserved. http:/ / www. rferl. org/ content/Interview_Many_Americans_Love_RumiBut_They_Prefer_He_Not_Be_Muslim/ 2122973. html. ("Interview: 'Many Americans LoveRumiBut They Prefer He Not Be Muslim'")( (http:/ / www. atimes. com/ atimes/ Middle_East/ LH14Ak01. html)) accessed 08-14-2012

[10][10] (Franklin Lewis, "Rumi, Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi", One World PublicationLimited, 2008)(p. 9):

[11] Jall al-Dn Rm (Maulana), Ibrahim Gamard, "Rumi and Islam: Selections from His Stories, Poems, and Discourses, Annotated &Explained", SkyLight Paths Publishing, Feb 1, 2004.

[12] Franklin Lewis: "On the question of Rumi's multilingualism (pages 31517), we may still say that he spoke and wrote in Persian as a nativelanguage, wrote and converesd in Arabic as a learned "foreign" language and could at least get by at the market in Turkish and Greek(although some wildly extragavant claims have been made about his command of Attic Greek, or his native tongue being Turkish") (Lewis2008:xxi). (Franklin Lewis, "Rumi, "Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi", One WorldPublication Limited, 2008). Franklin also points out that: Living among Turks, Rumi also picked up some colloquial Turkish.(FranklinLewis, "Rumi, "Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi", One World Publication Limited, 2008,p. 315). He also mentions Rumi composed thireen lines in Greek (Franklin Lewis, "Rumi, "Past and Present, East and West: The Life,Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi", One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 316). On Rumi's son, Sultan Walad, Franklin mentions:Sultan Valad elsewhere admits that he has little knowledge of Turkish(Sultan Walad): Franklin Lewis, "Rumi, "Past and Present, East andWest: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi", One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 239) and Sultan Valad did not feelconfident about his command of Turkish(Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000, p. 240)

[13][13] Annemarie Schimmel, The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi, SUNY Press, 1993, p. 193: "Rumi's mother tonguewas Persian, but he had learned during his stay in Konya, enough Turkish and Greek to use it, now and then, in his verse".

[14] Seyyed Hossein Nasr, "Islamic Art and Spirituality", Suny Press, 1987. p. 115: "Jalal al-Din was born in a major center of Persian culture,Balkh, from Persian speaking parents, and is the product of that Islamic Persian culture which in the 7th/13th century dominated the 'whole ofthe eastern lands of Islam and to which present day Persians as well as Turks, Afghans, Central Asian Muslims and the Muslims of theIndo-Pakistani and the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent are heir. It is precisely in this world that the sun of his spiritual legacy hasshone most brilliantly during the past seven centuries. The father of Jalal al-Din, Muhammad ibn Husayn Khatibi, known as Baha al-DinWalad and entitled Sultan al-'ulama', was an outstanding Sufi in Balkh connected to the spiritual lineage of Najm al-Din Kubra."

[15][15] Franklin D. Lewis, "Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The life, Teaching and poetry of Jalal Al-Din Rumi", Oneworld PublicationLimited, 2008 p. 9: "How is that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of greater Iran, in aregion that we identify today as Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of the greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up incentral Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere"

[16][16] Maqsood Jafr, "The gleam of wisdom", Sigma Press, 2003. p. 238: "Rumi has influenced a large number of writers while on the other handhe himself was under the great influence of Sanai and Attar.

[17][17] A. J. Arberry, "Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam",Courier Dover Publications, Nov 9, 2001. p. 141[18][18] Seyyed Hossein Nasr, "The Garden of Truth: The Vision and Promise of Sufism, Islam's Mystical Tradition" HarperCollins, Sep 2, 2008.

page 130: "Attar has traversed the seven cities of Love, We are still at the turn of one street!"[19] Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, (Rutgers University Press, 2002), 157; "the Seljuk court at Konya

adopted Persian as its official language.".[20][20] Amad of Nide's "al-Walad al-Shafq" and the Seljuk Past, A. C. S. Peacock, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 54, (2004), 97; With the growth of

Seljuk power in Rum, a more highly developed Muslim cultural life, based on the Persianate culture of the Great Seljuk court, was able to takeroot in Anatolia

[21] Carter Vaughn Findley, The Turks in World History, Oxford University Press, Nov 11, 2004. p. 72: Meanwhile, amid the migratory swarmthat Turkified Anatolia, the dispersion of learned men from the Persian-speaking east paradoxically made the Seljuks court at Konya a newcenter for Persian court culture, as exemplified by the great mystical poet Jelaleddin Rumi (120773).

[22] Barks, Coleman, Rumi: The Book of Love: Poems of Ecstasy and Longing, HarperCollins, 2005, p. xxv, ISBN 978-0-06-075050-3[23] Note: Rumi's shrine is now known as the Mevlna Museum in Turkey[24][24] Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000.[25] H. Algar, BAH-AL-DN MOAMMAD WALAD, Encyclopedia Iranica. There is no reference to such descent in the works of Bah-e

Walad and Mawln Jall-al-Dn or in the inscriptions on their sarcophagi. The attribution may have arisen from confusion between the caliph and another Ab Bakr, ams-al-Aemma Ab Bakr Saras (d. 483/1090), the well-known Hanafite jurist, whose daughter, Ferdows tn, was the mother of Amad ab, Bah-e Walads grandfather (see Forznfar, Resla, p. 6). Tradition also links Bah-e Walads lineage to the razmh dynasty. His mother is said to have been the daughter of Al-al-Dn Moammad razmh (d. 596/1200), but this appears to be excluded for chronological reasons (Forznfar, Resla, p. 7) (http:/ / www. iranica. com/ newsite/ index. isc?Article=http:/ / www.

Rumi 13

iranica. com/ newsite/ articles/ unicode/ v3f4/ v3f4a093. html)[26] (Ritter, H.; Bausani, A. "Jall al- Dn Rm b. Bah al-Dn Suln al-ulam Walad b. usayn b. Amad hab ." Encyclopaedia of

Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009. Brill Online. Excerpt: "known bythe sobriquet Mawln (Mevlna), Persian poet and founder of the Mawlawiyya order of dervishes"): "The assertions that his family tree goesback to Ab Bakr, and that his mother was a daughter of the hwrizmshh Al al-Dn Muammad (Aflk, i, 89) do not hold on closerexamination (B. Furznfarr, Mawln jall Dn, Tehrn 1315, 7; Alna Sharatmadr, Nad-i matn-i mathnaw, in Yaghm, xii (1338),164; Amad Aflk, Ariflerin menkibeleri, trans. Tahsin Yazc, Ankara 1953, i, nsz, 44).")

[27] Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition). p. 44:Baha al-Dins father, Hosayn,had been a religious scholar with a bent for asceticism, occupied like his own father before him, Ahmad, with the family profession ofpreacher (khatib). Of the four canonical schools of Sunni Islam, the family adhered to the relatively liberal Hanafi rite. Hosayn-e Khatibienjoyed such renown in his youth so says Aflaki with characteristic exaggeration that Razi al-Din Nayshapuri and other famous scholarscame to study with him (Af 9; for the legend about Baha al-Din, see below, The Mythical Baha al-Din). Another report indicates that Bahaal-Dins grandfather, Ahmad al-Khatibi, was born to Ferdows Khatun, a daughter of the reputed Hanafite jurist and author Shams al-AemmaAbu Bakr of Sarakhs, who died circa 1088 (Af 75; FB 6 n.4; Mei 74 n. 17). This is far from implausible and, if true, would tend to suggest thatAhmad al-Khatabi had studied under Shams al-Aemma. Prior to that the family could supposedly trace its roots back to Isfahan. We do notlearn the name of Baha al-Dins mother in the sources, only that he referred to her as Mama (Mami), and that she lived to the 1200s. (p. 44)

[28] Ahmed, Nazeer, Islam in Global History: From the Death of Prophet Muhammed to the First World War, p.58, Xlibris Corporation (2000),ISBN 978-0-7388-5962-0

[29] Hz. Mawlana and Shams by Sefik Can (http:/ / www. semazeniz. com/ shams-etabrizi)[30] The Essential Rumi. Translations by Coleman Barks, p. xx.[31] Mevlna Jalal al-din Rumi (http:/ / www. anatolia. com/ anatolia/ Religion_and_Spirituality/ Mevlana/ Default. asp)[32] Abdul Rahman Jami notes:

(Khawaja Abdul Hamid Irfani, "The Sayings of Rumi and Iqbal", Bazm-e-Rumi, 1976.)[33][33] J.T.P. de Bruijn, "Comparative Notes on Sanai and 'Attar", The Heritage of Sufism, L. Lewisohn, ed., p. 361: "It is common place to

mention Hakim Sana'i (d. 525/1131) and Farid al-Din 'Attar (1221) together as early highlights in a tradition of Persian mystical poetry whichreached its culmination in the work of Mawlana Jalal al-Din Rumi and those who belonged to the early Mawlawi circle. There is abundantevidence available to prove that the founders of the Mawlawwiya in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries regarded these two poets as theirmost important predecessors"

[34] Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition). p. 306: "The manuscripts versionsdiffer greatly in the size of the text and orthography. Nicholsons text has 25,577 lines though the average medieval and early modernmanuscripts contained around 27,000 lines, meaning the scribes added two thousand lines or about eight percent more to the poem composedby Rumi. Some manuscripts give as many as 32000!"

[35] Franklin D. Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jall al-Din Rumi, rev. ed. (2008). p. 314:The Foruzanfars edition of the Divan-e Shams compromises 3229 ghazals and qasidas making a total of almost 35000 lines, not includingseveral hundred lines of stanzaic poems and nearly two thousand quatrains attributed to him

[36] Dar al-Masnavi Website, accessed December 2009 (http:/ / www. dar-al-masnavi. org/ about. html): According to the Dar al-Masnaviwebsite: In Forznfar's edition of Rumi's Divan, there are 90 ghazals (Vol. 1, 29;Vol. 2, 1; Vol. 3, 6; Vol. 4, 8; Vol. 5, 19, Vol. 6, 0; Vol. 7,27) and 19 quatrains entirely in Arabic. In addition, there are ghazals which are all Arabic except for the final line; many have one or two linesin Arabic within the body of the poem; some have as many as 913 consecutive lines in Arabic, with Persian verses preceding and following;some have alternating lines in Persian, then Arabic; some have the first half of the verse in Persian, the second half in Arabic.

[37] Mecdut MensurOghlu: The Divan of Jalal al-Din Rumi contains 35 couplets in Turkish and Turkish-Persian which have recently beenpublished me (Celal al-Din Rumis turkische Verse: UJb. XXIV (1952), pp. 106115)

[38] Franklin D. Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jall al-Din Rumi, rev. ed. (2008): "a coupleof dozen at most of the 35,000 lines of the Divan-I Shams are in Turkish, and almost all of these lines occur in poems that are predominantlyin Persian"

[39] Dedes, D. 1993. [Poems by Rumi]. Ta Istorika 10.1819: 322. see also (http:/ / www. tlg. uci. edu/~opoudjis/ Play/ rumiwalad. html)

[40] Franklin D. Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jall al-Din Rumi, rev. ed. (2008): "Threepoems have bits of demotic Greek; these have been identified and translated into French, along with some Greek verses of Sultan Valad.Golpinarli (GM 416417) indicates according to Vladimir Mir Mirughli, the Greek used in some of Rumis macaronic poems reflects thedemotic Greek of the inhabitants of Anatolia. Golpinarli then argues that Rumi knew classical Persian and Arabic with precision, but typicallycomposes poems in a more popular or colloquial Persian and Arabic.".

[41] Franklin Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West The Life, Teachings, and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, Oneworld Publications,2000, Chapter 7.

[42] As Safa points out (Saf 2:1206) the Discourse reflect the stylistics of oral speech and lack the sophisticated word plays, Arabic vocabularyand sound patterning that we would except from a consciously literary text of this period. Once again, the style of Rumi as lecturer or orator inthese discourses does not reflect an audience of great intellectual pretensions, but rather middle-class men and women, along with number ofstatesmen and rulers (Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition). p. 292)

[43][43] Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition). p. 293

Rumi 14

[44] Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition). p. 295:In contrast with the prose ofhis Discourses and sermons, the style of the letters is consciously sophisticated and epistolary, in conformity with the expectations ofcorrespondence directed to nobles, statement and kings"

[45] M.M. Sharif, A History of Muslim Philosophy, Vol II, p. 827.[46] M.M. Sharif, A History of Muslim Philosophy, Vol II, p. 828.[47][47] The triumphal sun By Annemarie Schimmel. p. 328[48] Various Scholars such as Khalifah Abdul Hakim (Jalal al-Din Rumi), Afzal Iqbal (The Life and Thought of Rumi), and others have

expressed this opinion; for a direct secondary source, see citation below.[49] Khalifah Abdul Hakim, "Jalal al-Din Rumi" in M.M. Sharif, ed., A History of Muslim Philosophy, Vol II.[50] Seyyed Hossein Nasr, "Rumi and the Sufi Tradition," in Chelkowski (ed.), The Scholar and the Saint, p. 183[51] Quoted in Ibrahim Gamard, Rumi and Islam: Selections from His Stories, Poems, and Discourses Annotated and Explained, p. 171.[52][52] Arthur John Arberry, "Tales from the Masnavi", Psychology Press, Apr 17, 2002. p. 11: "called by the poet Jami 'the Koran in the Persian

tongue'[53] From Dr. Naini's programs (http:/ / www. naini. net)[54] From Rumi Network (http:/ / www. rumi. net)[55] The Diploma of Honorary Doctorate of the University of Tehran in the field of Persian Language and Literature will be granted to Professor

Coleman Barks (http:/ / www. ut. ac. ir/ en/ dr-braks/ dr-barks. htm)[56] Curiel,Jonathan, San Francisco Chronicle Staff Writer, Islamic verses: The influence of Muslim literature in the United States has grown

stronger since the Sept. 11 attacks (February 6, 2005), Available online (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 2005/ 02/ 06/INGH7B3FM31. DTL) (Retrieved Aug 2006)

[57] Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (http:/ / www. tcmb. gov. tr/ yeni/ eng/ ). Banknote Museum: 7. Emission Group Five ThousandTurkish Lira I. Series (http:/ / www. tcmb. gov. tr/ yeni/ banknote/ E7/ 274. htm), II. Series (http:/ / www. tcmb. gov. tr/ yeni/ banknote/E7/ 276. htm) & III. Series (http:/ / www. tcmb. gov. tr/ yeni/ banknote/ E7/ 278. htm). Retrieved on 20 April 2009.

[58][58] Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000.[59][59] See for example 4th grade Iranian school book where the story of the Parrot and Merchant from the Mathnawi is taught to students[60] Sufism (http:/ / chnm. gmu. edu/ worldhistorysources/ r/ 172/ whm. html)[61] ISCA The Islamic Supreme Council of America (http:/ / www. islamicsupremecouncil. org/ bin/ site/ wrappers/ spirituality-mevlevi.

html)[62] About the Mevlevi Order of America (http:/ / www. hayatidede. org/ V1/ about_moa. html)[63] Web Page Under Construction (http:/ / www. istanbulportal. com/ istanbulportal/ Divan. aspx)[64] Mango, Andrew, Atatrk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey, (2002), ISBN 978-1-58567-011-6.[65] Kloosterman Genealogy, Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (http:/ / www. kloosterman. be/ rumi. php)[66] The Mevlevi Sema Ceremony (http:/ / www. unesco. org/ culture/ intangible-heritage/ 39eur_uk. htm) UNESCO.[67] Edward G. Browne, A Literary History of Persia from the Earliest Times Until Firdawsh, 543 pp., Adamant Media Corporation, 2002, ISBN

978-1-4021-6045-5, ISBN 978-1-4021-6045-5 (see p.437)[68] Annemarie Schimmel, Deciphering the Signs of God, 302 pp., SUNY Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-7914-1982-3, ISBN 978-0-7914-1982-3 (see

p.210)[69] Today'S Zaman (http:/ / www. zaman. com/ ?bl=culture& alt=& hn=30647)[70] UNESCO: 800th Anniversary of the Birth of Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi (http:/ / portal. unesco. org/ culture/ en/ ev.

php-URL_ID=34694& URL_DO=DO_TOPIC& URL_SECTION=201. html). Retrieved on 22 April 2009.[71] UNESCO. Executive Board; 175th; UNESCO Medal in honour of Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi; 2006 (http:/ / unesdoc. unesco. org/

images/ 0014/ 001473/ 147319e. pdf)[72] http:/ / www. iran-daily. com/ 1385/ 2690/ pdf/ i12. pdf[73] Ministry of Foreign Affairs Afghanistan Rumi's 800 Anniversary (http:/ / www. mfa. gov. af/ rumis. asp)[74] (http:/ / www. hamshahrionline. ir/ News/ ?id=36533)[75] Int'l congress on Molana opens in Tehran (http:/ / www2. irna. ir/ en/ news/ view/ line-16/ 0710285006110934. htm)[76] Iran Daily Arts & Culture 10/03/06 (http:/ / www. iran-daily. com/ 1385/ 2676/ html/ art. htm#s178308)[77] CHN | News (http:/ / www. chnpress. com/ news/ ?section=2& id=6694)[78] Podcast Interview with Coleman Barks on Rumi (http:/ / www. personallifemedia. com/ podcasts/ living-dialogues/

episode003-coleman-barks. html)[79] tehrantimes.com, 300 dervishes whirl for Rumi in Turkey (http:/ / www. tehrantimes. com/ index_View. asp?code=154044)[80] https:/ / www. facebook. com/ pages/ Mawlana-Rumi-Review/ 390058927721018[81] http:/ / www. archetypebooks. com[82] archetypebooks.com (http:/ / www. archetypebooks. com)[83] Leonard Lewisohn, Editors Note (http:/ / www. jadidonline. com/ story/ 27052010/ frnk/ rumi_journal_eng) to Mawlana Rumi Review.

Rumi 15

Further reading

English translations Ma-Aarif-E-Mathnavi A commentary of the Mathnavi of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi (http:/ / yunuspatel. co. za/

books-Ma-aarif-E-Mathnavi. php) (R.A.), by Hazrat Maulana Hakim Muhammad Akhtar Saheb (D.B.), 1997. The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi, by William Chittick, Albany: SUNY Press, 1983. The Mysteries of the Universe and Rumi's Discoveries on the Majestic Path of Love, by Majid M. Naini,

Universal Vision & Research, 2002 ISBN 978-0-9714600-0-3 www.naini.net (http:/ / www. naini. net/ order.htm)

The Mesnevi of Mevlna Jellu'd-dn er-Rm. Book first, together with some account of the life and acts of theAuthor, of his ancestors, and of his descendants, illustrated by a selection of characteristic anecdotes, ascollected by their historian, Mevlna Shemsu'd-dn Ahmed el-Eflk el-'Arif (http:/ / www. google. nl/books?id=HD_iA8JizyoC& pg=PA3& dq=rumi& sig=HqE_5F_Kp43kw1RvzybyAsRtOVA#PPR5,M1),translated and the poetry versified by James W. Redhouse, London: 1881. Contains the translation of the firstbook only.

Masnav-i Ma'nav, the Spiritual Couplets of Mauln Jallu'd-din Muhammad Rm, translated and abridged byE. H. Whinfield, London: 1887; 1989. Abridged version from the complete poem. On-line editions atsacred-texts.com (http:/ / www. sacred-texts. com/ isl/ masnavi/ ) and on wikisource.

The Masnav by Jallu'd-din Rm. Book II, translated for the first time from the Persian into prose, with aCommentary, by C.E. Wilson, London: 1910.

The Mathnaw of Jallu'ddn Rm, edited from the oldest manuscripts available, with critical notes, translationand commentary by Reynold A. Nicholson, in 8 volumes, London: Messrs Luzac & Co., 19251940. Contains thetext in Persian. First complete English translation of the Mathnaw.

Rending The Veil: Literal and Poetic Translations of Rumi, translated by Shahram Shiva Hohm Press, 1995 ISBN978-0-934252-46-1. Recipient of Benjamin Franklin Award.

Hush, Don't Say Anything to God: Passionate Poems of Rumi, translated by Shahram Shiva Jain Publishing, 1999ISBN 978-0-87573-084-4.

The Essential Rumi, translated by Coleman Barks with John Moyne, A. J. Arberry, Reynold Nicholson, SanFrancisco: Harper Collins, 1996 ISBN 978-0-06-250959-8; Edison (NJ) and New York: Castle Books, 1997 ISBN978-0-7858-0871-8. Selections.

The Illuminated Rumi, translated by Coleman Barks, Michael Green contributor, New York: Broadway Books,1997 ISBN 978-0-7679-0002-7.

The Masnavi: Book One, translated by Jawid Mojaddedi, Oxford World's Classics Series, Oxford UniversityPress, 2004 ISBN 978-0-19-280438-9. Translated for the first time from the Persian edition prepared byMohammad Estelami with an introduction and explanatory notes. Awarded the 2004 Lois Roth Prize forexcellence in translation of Persian literature by the American Institute of Iranian Studies.

Divani Shamsi Tabriz, translated by Nevit Oguz Ergin as Divan-i-kebir, published by Echo Publications, 2003ISBN 978-1-887991-28-5.

The rubais of Rumi: insane with love, translations and commentary by Nevit Oguz Ergin and Will Johnson, InnerTraditions, Rochester, Vermont, 2007, ISBN 978-1-59477-183-5.

The Masnavi: Book Two, translated by Jawid Mojaddedi, Oxford World's Classics Series, Oxford UniversityPress, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-921259-0. The first ever verse translation of the unabridged text of Book Two, withan introduction and explanatory notes.

Mystical Poems of Rumi, Translated by A. J. Arberry, (University of Chicago Press, 2009) The quatrains of Rumi: Complete translation with Persian text, Islamic mystical commentary, manual of terms,

and concordance, translated by Ibrahim W. Gamard and A. G. Rawan Farhadi, 2008. The Soul of Rumi: A New Collection of ECS+A+IC Poems, translations by Coleman Barks, Harper One, 2002.

Rumi 16

The Hundred Tales of Wisdom, a translation by Idries Shah of the Manqib ul-refn of Aflk, Octagon Press1978. Episodes from the life of Rumi and some of his teaching stories.

Life and work Fatemeh Keshavarz, " Reading Mystical Lyric: The Case of Jalal al-Din Rumi (http:/ / books. google. com/

books?id=N2b_kLHMskEC& printsec=frontcover& dq=Reading+ Mystical+ Lyric& source=bl&ots=F1MfQRBmz8& sig=xiFO6Cf4Ajc8ptqs_j4owF8q62w& hl=en& ei=kvCRTb-XLpCO0QHvjunMBw&sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=3& ved=0CCwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage& q& f=false)", University ofSouth Carolina Press, 1998. ISBN 978-1-57003-180-9.

Mawlana Rumi Review mawlanarumireview.com (http:/ / www. mawlanarumireview. com). An annual reviewdevoted to Rumi. Archetype (http:/ / www. archetype. uk. com/ rumi_review. htm), 2010. ISBN978-1-901383-38-6.

Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Islamic Art and Spirituality, Albany: SUNY Press, 1987, chapters 7 and 8. William Chittick, The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi: Illustrated Edition, Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2005. Annemarie Schimmel, The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi, Albany: SUNY Press, 1993. Majid M. Naini, The Mysteries of the Universe and Rumi's Discoveries on the Majestic Path of Love (http:/ /

www. naini. net/ order. htm), Universal Vision & Research, 2002, ISBN 978-0-9714600-0-3 Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000. ISBN 978-1-85168-214-0 Leslie Wines, Rumi: A Spiritual Biography, New York: Crossroads, 2001 ISBN 978-0-8245-2352-7. Rumi's Thoughts, edited by Seyed G Safavi, London: London Academy of Iranian Studies, 2003. efik Can, Fundamentals of Rumi's Thought: A Mevlevi Sufi Perspective, Sommerset (NJ): The Light Inc., 2004

ISBN 978-1-932099-79-9. Rumi's Tasawwuf and Vedanta by R M Chopra in Indo Iranica Vol. 60

Persian literature E.G. Browne, History of Persia (http:/ / www. google. nl/ books?id=fshmK9xYD6cC& pg=PP1&

ots=BPRFpbtMXj& dq=literary+ history+ of+ persia&sig=pJg34G1-x45HrnMJmooXTdWxazI#PPR5,M1|Literary), four volumes, 1998 ISBN 978-0-7007-0406-4.2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing.

Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature, Reidel Publishing Company; 1968 OCLC 460598 (http:/ / www.worldcat. org/ oclc/ 460598). ISBN 978-90-277-0143-5

"RUMI: His Teachings And Philosophy" by R.M. Chopra, Iran Society, Kolkata (2007).

External links

On-line texts and translations of Rumi Works by Rumi on Open Library at the Internet Archive Maulana Jalaluddin Balkhy Site Vancouver Canada (http:/ / houseofmawlana. com/ Menu/

English. htm) Guardian newspaper series of articles on Rumi, by Franklin Lewis (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/

commentisfree/ belief/ 2009/ nov/ 30/ rumi-masnavi-muslim-poetry) Fatemeh Keshavarz, Speaking of Faith: The Ecstatic Faith of Rumi (http:/ / speakingoffaith. publicradio. org/

programs/ rumi/ index. shtml), with Krista Tippet, American Public Media, December 13, 2007 Extensive collection of pictures of the Mevlna Museum in Konya (http:/ / www. pbase. com/ dosseman/

mevlana)

Rumi 17

A Study about the Persian Cultural Legacy and Background of the Sufi Mystics Shams Tabrizi and Jalal al-DinRumi (http:/ / sites. google. com/ site/ persianpoetrumi/ a-study-on-the-persian-poet/ PersianPoetRumi.pdf?attredirects=0& d=1) also here (http:/ / www. archive. org/ details/AStudyAboutThePersianCulturalLegacyAndBackgroundOfTheSufiMystics_323) (In various formats)(RagozarMinutalab, Creative License (free publication), 2009)

Four new translations of Rumi poems by Coleman Barks (http:/ / www. guernicamag. com/ poetry/ 288/four_new_translations_of_rumi/ )

Rumi Network, hosted by Shahram Shiva, contains Rumi poetry and his untold life story (http:/ / www. rumi. net/)

Rumi poetry set to beautiful Persian Music on Mp3 and CD (http:/ / www. rumi-wayoftheheart. com/ ) Dar al Masnavi (http:/ / www. dar-al-masnavi. org), several English versions of selections by different translators. Quatrains at Iranian.com (http:/ / www. iranian. com/ Arts/ rumi. html) English translation of Rumi's Book of Love (http:/ / www. scribd. com/ doc/ 36111698) complete Ghazals of Rumi's large Deewan-e-Shams in Persian single free pdf file uploaded by Javed Hussen

(http:/ / www. scribd. com/ doc/ 27664190/Deewn-e-Shams-Tabrezi-of-Mavlana-Rumi-Complete-Ghazliat-in-Farsi)

Original Persian / Farsi text of Rumi's work (http:/ / www. RumiSite. com)

On Rumi The Foundation of Universal Lovers of Mevlna Jelaluddin Rumi (EMAV) (http:/ / www. emav. org) Iranian studies site (http:/ / www. iranianstudies. org) Rumi Network (http:/ / www. rumi. net) The Threshold Society and Mevlevi Order (http:/ / www. sufism. org/ society/ mevlev. html) The Mevlevi Order of America (http:/ / www. hayatidede. org). [This organization and the one above are

unaffiliated with each other] Official website of the Family of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (http:/ / www. mevlana. net/ ) RumiOnFire.com A Tribute to Rumi (http:/ / www. rumionfire. com/ ) What goes round... (http:/ / books. guardian. co. uk/ departments/ classics/ story/ 0,6000,1634757,00. html)

The Guardian, November 5, 2005 Rumi Lectures at Harvard University (http:/ / www. drsoroush. com/ Lectures-English. htm) Rumi and the Tradition of Sufi Poetry (http:/ / www. sufipoetry. com/ interviews/ df-may-2006. html) Treasures of Persian Literature (http:/ / www. enel. ucalgary. ca/ People/ far/ hobbies/ iran/ ), by Professor

Behrouz Homayoun Far Guernica Magazine (guernicamag.com) on the 800th anniversary of Rumi's birth (http:/ / www. guernicamag.

com/ interviews/ 282/ different_ways_of_laughing_1/ ) Sermon on Rumi (http:/ / www. uujax. org/ Sermons/ Rumi_-_10-23-05. pdf) by UU Minister John Young Can Rumi Save Us Now? (http:/ / www. sfgate. com/ cgi-bin/ article. cgi?f=/ c/ a/ 2007/ 04/ 01/ INGA7OTN521.

DTL)

Rumi 18

Sufism andTariqa

Portal

Article Sources and Contributors 19

Article Sources and ContributorsRumi Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=582236655 Contributors: 07fan, 144.122.42.xxx, 62.253.64.xxx, A Musing, A little insignificant, A8UDI, ATsarIsBorn, AbbasPeretz,Abdulalimazari, Absar, Abuk78, Acabre, Academic Challenger, Adam Newton, Adambro, Addshore, Addtok, Admgkmn, Adrecaled, Aecharri, Aetheling, Afghana, Afqhanii, AgadaUrbanit,AgarwalSumeet, AguireTS, Ahfpca, Ahmadjan, Ahoerstemeier, Ahunt, Akerans, Al B. Free, Al E., Al-Fan, Alacengel, Alborz Fallah, Alefbe, Alemaneh, Alex Bakharev, Alex756, Algabal,Alijsh, Alipedia2007, Alpheus, Alyoshenka, Amir mousavi, Amir85, AmmarK, Anclation, Andres, Andycjp, Ani Caitlin, AnnaFrance, Annielogue, Anoshirawan, Anthony Krupp, Aquabats,Aramgar, Arash the Archer, Arash the Bowman, Araxius, Argooya, ArnoLagrange, Artacoana, Ashu8845, Asience, Astral, Ataby, Atalana, Atalayh, Atkinson 291, Avaya1, Avicenna2010,AxelBoldt, BABP, BD2412, Badagnani, Bahramm 2, Balthazarduju, Banaticus, Barastert, Barayev, Baristarim, Barticus88, Batman2010, Bayhunar, Beetstra, Beh-nam, BehnamFarid, Bejnar,Ben Ben, Benne, BigCoolGuyy, BigHaz, Bijanyarfar, Billbrock, Binary TSO, Biot, Bjankuloski06en, Blainster, Bluerain, Bobblehead, Bobblewik, Bokhara, Bostonbarney, BrokenMirror,BrokenMirror2, Bulgaroctonus, Burgaz, Cabolitae, Canadian Paul, CanadianLinuxUser, CapitalR, Carlosguitar, Catapult, CeeGee, Cenarium, Centaur81, Charan Gill, Chetori5, Choalbaton,Chpk98, Chris the speller, Cihangir21, Cilbup, Class Avesta, Cletushenry, Cnilep, CommonsDelinker, Conversion script, CrashMex, CreazySuit, Cromwellt, Cryptic, Cuchullain, Culture editor,Cunado19, Da Joe, Da hewad ratlunke, Dabomb87, Daiel Grant, Dakota, Dalgate74, Damaavand, Damirgraffiti, DanTheSeeker, Danial2011, DanielCD, Daraheni, DarkTemptations, DaveSeidel,David Straub, Dbachmann, Deeptrivia, Delljvc, Deltabeignet, Depayens, DerDoc, Dgilman, Diannaa, Dimadick, Dissolve, Ditanditan1, Ditictur, Diyar se, Dkusic, Doktor Gonzo, Domitius,Don4of4, Dormina, Dosseman, Dougweller, Download, Doworks000, Dr. Persi, Drbreznjev, Drfflowers, Drflowers, Dsksdk49, Dsmurat, Dysprosia, Dcanem, E4024, ESkog, Earthsound,EasternAfrican, EdH, EdJohnston, Edie 111, Editor1390, Edward, Edward321, Effendi, Eitch, Ekabhishek, El C, Elian, EliasAlucard, ElinorD, Ellenois, Eloquence, Emperor khosro, Enegram,Epyter, EricBright, Esirgen, Esowteric, Eumolpo, Euzen, Ev, Excirial, F, F. Simon Grant, Fair WikiReports, Falcon8765, Falconkhe, Fareed km, Farshied86, Farsiwan22, Fatih Kurt, FilipeS,Floorsheim, Florentino floro, Flying Oaf, Fortdj33, Fragma08, Fruggo, Fuddle, Gabriel Stijena, Gagina, Gaius Cornelius, Garzo, Gavia immer, Gazaneh, Geosultan4, Gimmetrow, GoetheFromm,Goethean, Gol, Good Olfactory, GorgeCustersSabre, Goshaspi, GoshtaspLohraspi, Grantus4504, Green Giant, Gregbard, Grenavitar, Griot, Griot-de, Gulmammad, Gurch, Gyrofrog, Gzhanstong,Hajji Piruz, Hakeem.gadi, Hamiltondaniel, Harput, Hassanfarooqi, Hebrides, Hekerui, Hillbillyholiday, Hmains, Hrkebria, Husond, Hyacinth, Ibrahim, Ignacio Icke, Igodard, Illustir,Imorthodox23, Indah blestari, Inuit18, Inwind, Irishpunktom, Itai, Ixfd64, Iztwoz, J.delanoy, JForget, JaGa, Jacob..., Jacobolus, Jahangard, Jahangard79, JamesBWatson, Jamshed1, Jangbogo67584, Jaraalbe, Jared Preston, JayC, Jdforrester, Jnorton7558, JoJan, Joel7687, John Vandenberg, John of Reading, Johnkarp, Johnstevens5, JonHarder, Jonsafari, Jose77, Joseph Solis inAustralia, Jossi, Jough, Jpople, JudyJohn, Jungli, Justanother, Justlikeyouimagined, Jvpwiki, Jyusin, K1, Kafka Liz, Kafkasmurat, Kamran the Great, Kamuran otukenli, Kansas Bear, Karcha,Kashk, Katakay, Kathryn NicDhna, KathrynLybarger, Kaveh, KazakhPol, Keesiewonder, Kethewikieditor, Khabir786, Khalid hassani, Khani100, Khatary1, Khazar2, Khestwol,Khodabandeh14, Khoikhoi, Khosrow II, Kingturtle, Kithira, Koavf, Kotuku33, Kpjas, Kraf001, Kurdo777, Kwamikagami, Kwertii, La goutte de pluie, Ladsgroup, LadyofShalott, Lambiam,Langdell, Larno Man, Leeb106, Lekoren, Lenschulwitz, Lentisco, Lepota, Lerooklass, Lid, Linarator, Logologist, Longlivepalestine, Lotfabadi, Lucytang, Lysozym, M samadi, MER-C,MaGioZal, Maadal, Macrakis, Macukali, Magioladitis, Maha Odeh, Mais oui!, Mamndassan, Mani1, ManiF, Mardavich, Marek69, Marmoulak, Marudubshinki, Marysunshine, Math920,MatthewBChambers, MatthewVanitas, Mayzman, Maziar fayaz, Mdyashab, Meaghan, Meakin, Meelash, MegX, MehrdadNY, Mehrdadd, Mejkravitz, Mel Etitis, Memo18, Mensurs, Meowy,Mercuriallinguist, Merope, Mersenne, Mesnenor, Metinb, Mezigue, MichaelCarl, Microinjection, Milad930, Misterhope, Mitchumch, Mitrakana, Mitso Bel, Mladifilozof, Moarrikh,Mohsenghasemi, Mojska, Mondo Libero, MoritzMoeller, Mr. Random, Msalt, Mstehlin, Mtm001116, Mughal Lohar, Mukadderat, Mukoc, Munferit, Murtasa, Muwaffaq, Myopic Bookworm,NHRHS2010, Najand, Nasir77, Nasrulana, Nathanca, Naveed.r.khan, Nedim Ardoa, Nepaheshgar, Nicolae Coman, Nihil novi, Nimazdak, Nk, Nokhodi, Nonono483, Nsigniacorp, Number36,Nv8200p, Oblivious, Od Mishehu, Odessius, Odhikarjvd, Oerjan, Ogress, Oleg Alexandrov, Olivier, Olympos, Omnipaedista, Omphaloscope, Ondewelle, OzArizona, Ozguroot, Ozozcan,Ouzhan, P.Sridhar Babu, P53p73, Pagewriter, Pahlavannariman, Pare Mo, Pasha Abd, Pasquale, PaulVIF, Peace nirvana, Pejman, Pejman47, Pepsidrinka, Persia2099, Peter Deer, Petropoxy(Lithoderm Proxy), Philip Trueman, PhnomPencil, Pi zero, Plange, Pointwest, Pouya, Pouyakhani, Pouyana, Prodego, Profsepehr, Psalazar, Psemmusa, Pukhtunman, Qbxe, Quadell, Quarty,R.khazaee, RDF, RL0919, Raayen, Racepacket, Radavenport, Raheelkaghzi, Rajah, Ralhazzaa, Rama's Arrow, Ramin.ramezani, RandomP, RayAYang, ReadQT, Realking, Refdoc, Rememberthe dot, Rholton, Rich Farmbrough, RichardBond, RickK, Ricky81682, Ringbang, Rivertorch, Rjwilmsi, Roomie, Roozbeh, RossPatterson, Ruminet, Rumipoetry, Rumiton, Rumping,RustamDastani, Rutgersgrl, Ruud Koot, Sa.vakilian, Sabix, Sadads, Saence, Samady khan, Samdurrani, Samirkureshi, Sanbadik, Sangak, Sangak1, Sangak2, Sannse, Saposcat, Saqibbaburi,Sarranduin, Sasanjan, Satdeep gill, Sbolat, Scarpy, Scewing, Schahab, Schmloof, Selgukism, Separesh, Sertrel, Shabiha, Shafei, Shahab, Shahram Shiva, Shambose, Sharnak, Shauri, Shedsan,Sheidaei, Shervinafshar, Siafu, Siba, Sikander.alis, Silly rabbit, SimonP, Sina, Sina Kardar, SiobhanHansa, Sirslacker, Skarebo, Skayadibi, Slightsmile, Smdlangari, Soroush83, SouthernComfort,Spasage, Spike Wilbury, Splashen, Srahat, SriniG, Starcrossdromeo, Stevertigo, Stevey7788, Striver, Subramanian, Sunray, Suprah, Suruena, SwatiAfridi, Sweetsufikhan, Symane, Syrous,Szfski, Tabletop, Tajik, TajikCulture, Takabeg, Tanzeel, Te5, Temp07, The Thing That Should Not Be, TheOldJacobite, Theda, Theelf29, Themfromspace, Theo F, Theotherguy1,Thomjakobsen, Tim.Bratton, TimBentley, Titodutta, Tpbradbury, Troels Nybo, Tsange, Turcopole new, Ugur Basak, Uncertianperson, Varlaam, Vekoler, Velella, Versageek, Verysomenotes,Vice regent, Vonaurum, Vonones, Vortexion, Vpendse, Waggers, Wahidjon, Wahidz, Wayiran, Welsh, WhisperToMe, Who, Wiki-uk, WikiPersianHistorian, Wikifarzin, Wmahan, Wolfling,Wooerfara3661, Woohookitty, Wyyaarr, Xashaiar, Xavexgoem, Xianbataar, Xommana, Xtremeownage, Y0u, Yabangulusa, Yahel Guhan, Yakamoz51, Yamaweiss, Yash M, Ymblanter,Yousaf465, Yozer1, Ytubbm, Zaman, Zecret, Zereshk, Zikrullah, Zmmz, Zora, ZxxZxxZ, Zyma, , , 2010, , , , , , 1460anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Molana.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Molana.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: MolaviFile:Andr04.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Andr04.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Abhishekjoshi, Americophile, Fulcher, Lotje, Mel22, ZxxZxxZFile:Shams ud-Din Tabriz 1502-1504 BNF Paris.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Shams_ud-Din_Tabriz_1502-1504_BNF_Paris.jpg License: Public DomainContributors: Abhishekjoshi, Americophile, Fabienkhan, Johnbod, Mattes, Popalzai, Roberto Cruz, Shakko, 1 anonymous editsFile:Meeting of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Molla Shams al-Din.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Meeting_of_Jalal_al-Din_Rumi_and_Molla_Shams_al-Din.jpgLicense: Public Domain Contributors: Americophile, Dr. 91.41, Takabeg, ZxxZxxZFile:Turkey.Konya021.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Turkey.Konya021.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: GeorgesJansoone (JoJanFile:Turkey.Konya008.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Turkey.Konya008.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Georges Jansoone (JoJanFile:Shrine_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani..jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Shrine_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani..jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0Contributors: VrMUSLIMFile:Portal-puzzle.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Portal-puzzle.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: AnomieFile:Mosque02.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mosque02.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: DarkPhoenix,Electron, Herbythyme, Indolences, Krun, Liftarn, William Avery, Wst, , 12 anonymous edits

LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

RumiName Life Teachings Major works Poetic works Prose works

Philosophical outlook Universality Islam

Legacy Iranian world Mewlew Sufi Order Religious denomination Eight hundredth anniversary celebrations Mawlana Rumi Review

References Further reading English translations Life and work Persian literature

External links On-line texts and translations of Rumi On Rumi

License