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ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT. SUBMITTED TO ; Mrs. REEMA SURVE BY;

VINI PATEL SHWETA PATEL SHREYA AKSHAY PRAJAPATI MUNNAAVR SHAIKH

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WHAT IS ENTREPRENEUR?

An Entrepreneur is one who brings resources ,labour,materials,land and other assets into combination that makes their value greater than before and also one who introduces changes,innovation and new order.

WHAT IS RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP?

Entrpreneurship emerging in rural areas is called rural entrepreneurship.Rural entrepreneurship is synonymous of rural industrialization.

Barriers to Rural EntrepreneurshipLack of Infrastructure facilityFinancial constraintsLack of Technical know HowLack of adequate knowledgeManagement problemsMarketing problems.Human resource problem.

Lack of Infrastructure facility.

Rural areas are characterised by poor infrastructure facilities in the field of roads, electricity, street, lighting on road etc which hampers the smooth movement of various industries activities. This is a major problem faced by rural Entrepreneur.

Financial Constraints.Most of the rural Entrepreneur face financial crunch in setting up rural industries because of the non supportive attitude of financial institution and bank which work more on papers. The procedures and condition to avail a loan is so time consuming that is delay often disappoints the entrepreneur . Due to this the entrepreneur are forced to take credit from village money lenders who charges high rate of interest. Raising funds through equity is little bit difficult for rural entrepreneurs because of lack of financial knowledge and also their financial corpus is also low, so loans are the primary source of finance for them which proved to be a great obstacle in developing rural entrepreneurship.

Lack of technical know-howAs rural industries are labour intensive, they cannot afford to introduce sophisticated techniques and methods of production which is very expensive .Lack of technical know-how, appropriate technology and training create immense problem in the growth of rural industries. Without this, productivity and increased profit objective cannot be achieved.

LACK OF ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION.Though information technology has substantially developed in the modern world and has penetrated into the rural areas through internet , rural people hardly availed its benefits. Because rural people do not have adequate information avenues. They are not knowledgeable ,trained, and motivated to achieve more and more in their own sphere.

Management problemsProcurement of Raw Materials Procurement of raw materials is really a tough task for rural entrepreneurs. They may end up with poor quality raw materials, may also face the problem of storage and warehousing.Poor Quality of Products Another important problem in growth of rural entrepreneurship is the inferior quality of products produced due to lack of availability of standard tools and equipment and poor quality of raw materials. Legal formalities Rural entrepreneurs find it extremely difficult in complying with various legal formalities in obtaining licenses due to illiteracy and ignorance.

MARKETING PROBLEMS.COMPETITION AND LACK OF COMMUNICATION

Major problems faced by marketers of rural enterprise are the problem of standardization and competition from large scale units. They face the problem in fixing the standards and sticking to them. Competition from large scale units also creates difficulty for the survival of new ventures.

New ventures have limited financial resources and hence cannot afford to spend more on sales promotion. These units are not having any standard brand name under which they can sell their products. New ventures have to come up with new advertisement strategies which the rural people can easily understand. .

MARKETING PROBLEMSPrinted media have limited scope in the rural context. The traditionally bounded nature, cultural backwardness and cultural barriers add to the difficulty of communication. People in rural areas mostly communicate in their local dialects and English and Hindi are not understood by many people.

MIDDLEMAN and other problemsMiddlemen exploit rural entrepreneurs. The rural entrepreneurs are heavily dependent on middlemen for marketing of their products who pocket large amount of profit.Other problems Storage facilities and poor mean of transport are other marketing problems in rural areas. In most of the villages, farmers store the produce in open space, in bags or earthier vessels etc. So these indigenous methods of storage are not capable of protecting the produce from dampness, weevils etc. The agricultural goods are not standardized and graded.

HUMAN RESOURCE PROBLEM Low Skill Level of Workers

Most of the entrepreneurs of rural areas are unable to find workers with high skills. Turnover rates are also high in this case. They have to be provided with on the job training and their training is generally a serious problem for the entrepreneur as they are mostly uneducated and they have to be taught in the local language which they understand easily.

HUMAN RESOURCE PROBLEMNEGATIVE ATTITUDE

The environment in the family, society and support system is not conducive to encourage rural people to take up entrepreneurship as a career. It may be due to lack of awareness and knowledge of entrepreneurial opportunities. Continuous motivation is needed in case of rural employee which is sometime difficult for an rural entrepreneur .

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIPINDRA NOOYI

CONCEPT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURWomen Entrepreneur are the women or a group of women who initiate , organise and operate a business enterprise.The government of India notes Women entrepreneurs as An enterprise owned and controlled by women saving a minimum financial interest of 51 per cent of the capital and giving at least 51 per cent of the employment generated in the enterprise to women.

WHY WOMEN BECOME ENTREPRENEUR ?PULL FACTORSAn urge to do something new.liking for businessNeed and perception of Womens liberation ,equity etc.To gain recognition ,importance and social status.To get economic independenceTo build confidenceTo developing risk taking abilityTo gain greater freedom and mobility.

PUSH FACTORSDeath of bread winnerSudden fall in family incomePermanent inadequacy in income of the family

Function of Women EntrepreneurFedrick Harbison has enumerated Five entrepreneurial function of women entrepreneur as follows.Exploration of the prospects of starting a new business enterprise.Undertaking of risk and handling of economic uncertainties involved in the business.Introduction of innovations or imitation of innovations.Co-ordination, administration and control.Supervision and leadership.

Problems face by Women Entrepreneur in INDIA.Family tiesMale dominated societyLack of educationSocial barriersShortage of raw materialsProblem of financeTough competitionHigh cost of productionLow risk bearing capacityLimited mobilityLack of entrepreneurial aptitudeLimited managerial abilityLegal formationExploitation by middle manLack of self confidence.

Lack of managerial skillsWomen entrepreneurs are not efficient in managerial functions like planning, organizing, controlling, coordinating, motivating etc. of an enterprise. Therefore, less and limited managerial ability of women has become a problem for them to run the enterprise successfully.

Problem of financeFinance is regarded as life blood for any enterprise, be it big or small. However, women entrepreneurs suffer from shortage of finance on two counts. Firstly, women do not generally have property on their names to use them as collateral for obtaining funds from external sources. Thus, their access to the external sources of funds is limited. Secondly, the banks also consider women less credit- worthy and discourage women borrowers on the belief that they can at any time leave their business. Given such situation, women entrepreneurs are bound to rely on their own savings, if any and loans from friends and relatives who are expectedly meager and negligible. Thus, women enterprises fail due to the shortage of finance.

Lack of mobility.Unlike men, women mobility in India is highly limited due to various reasons. A single woman asking for room is still upon suspicion. Cumbersome exercise involved in starting an enterprise coupled with the officials humiliating attitude towards women compels them to give up an idea of starting an enterprise

Male dominated society Male chauvinism is till the order of the day in India. The constitution of India speaks of equality between sexes. But, in practice women are looked upon as weak in all respects. Women suffer from male reservations about a womens role, ability and capacity and are treated accordingly. In nutshell, in the maledominated Indian society, women are not treated equal to men. This in turn, serves as a barrier to women entry into business.

Shortage of raw materialThe scarcity of raw material and nor availability of proper and adequate raw materials sounds the death knell of the enterprise run by women entrepreneurs .Women entrepreneur really face a tough task in getting the required raw material and other necessary inputs for the enterprise when the prices are high.

Lack of EducationIn India, around three- fifths (60%) of women are still illiterate illiteracy is the root cause of socio- economic problems. Due to the lack of education and that too qualitative education, women are not aware of business, technology and market knowledge. Also, lack of education cases low achievement motivation among women. Thus, lack of education creates problems for women in the setting up and running of business enterprises.

Legal formalitiesFulfilling the legal formalities required for running an enterprise becomes an uphill task on the part of an women entrepreneur because of the prevalence of corrupt practices in government offices and procedural delays for various licenses, electricity, water and shed allotments. In such situations women entrepreneurs find it hard to concentrate on the smooth working of the enterprise.

Lack of self confidenceWomen entrepreneurs because of their inherent nature, lack self-confidence which is essentially a motivating factor in running an enterprise successfully. They have to strive hard to strike a balance between managing a family and managing an enterprise.

Lack of entrepreneurial aptitudeLack of entrepreneurial aptitude is a matter of concern for women entrepreneurs. They have no entrepreneurial bent of mind. Even after attending various training programs on entrepreneur ship they fail to tide over the risks and troubles that may come up in an organizational working.

Low risk bearing capacityWomen in India are by nature weak, shy and mild. They cannot bear the amount of risk which is essential for running an enterprise. Lack of education, training and financial support from outsides also reduce their ability to bear the risk involved in an enterprises.

Tough competitionUsually women entrepreneurs employ low technology in the process of production. In a market where the competition is too high they have to fight hard to survive in the market against the organised sector and their male counterpart who have vast experience and capacity to adopt advanced technology in managing enterprises.

High cost of productionSeveral factors including inefficient management contribute to the high cost of production which stands as a stumbling block before women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneur face technology obsolescence due to non adoption or slow adoption to changing technology which is major factor of high cost of production.

Exploitation by middle manSince women cannot run around for marketing ,distribution and money collection , they have to depend on middle men for the above activities. Middle men tend to exploit them in the guise of helping. They add their own profit margin which result in less sales and lesser profit.

Social barrierThe traditions and customs prevailed in India societies towards women sometimes stand as an obstacle before them to grow and prosper . Castes and religion dominate with one another and hinders women entrepreneurs too. In rural areas they face more social barriers. They are always seen with suspicious eyes.

Policies and Schemes for Women Entrepreneurs in India

Women entrepreneurship has been recognised as an important source of economic growth. Women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and also provide society with different solutions to management, organisation and business problems.

However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs often face gender-based barriers to starting and growing their businesses, like discriminatory property, matrimonial and inheritance laws and/or cultural practices; lack of access to formal finance mechanisms; limited mobility and access to information and networks, etc.

Policies and Schemes for Women Entrepreneurs in IndiaWomens entrepreneurship can make a particularly strong contribution to the economic well-being of the family and communities, poverty reduction and womens empowerment, thus contributing to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Thus, governments across the world as well as various developmental organizations are actively undertaking promotion of women entrepreneurs through various schemes, incentives and promotional measures

Policies and Schemes for Women Entrepreneurs in IndiaIn India, the Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises development organisations, various State Small Industries Development Corporations, the Nationalised banks and even NGOs are conducting various programmes including Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) to cater to the needs of potential women entrepreneurs, who may not have adequate educational background and skills. The Office of DC (MSME) has also opened a Women Cell to provide coordination and assistance to women entrepreneurs facing specific problems.

Policies and Schemes for Women Entrepreneurs in India

There are also several other schemes of the government at central and state level, which provide assistance for setting up training-cum-income generating activities for needy women to make them economically independent. Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has also been implementing special schemes for women entrepreneurs

Policies and Schemes for Women Entrepreneurs in IndiaIn addition to the special schemes for women entrepreneurs, various government schemes for MSMEs also provide certain special incentives and concessions for women entrepreneurs. For instance, under Prime Ministers Rozgar Yojana (PMRY), preference is given to women beneficiaries. The government has also made several relaxations for women to facilitate the participation of women beneficiaries in this scheme.

Policies and Schemes for Women Entrepreneurs in India Similarly, under the MSE Cluster Development Programme by Ministry of MSME, the contribution from the Ministry of MSME varies between 30-80% of the total project in case of hard intervention, but in the case of clusters owned and managed by women entrepreneurs, contribution of the M/o MSME could be upto 90% of the project cost. Similarly, under the Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro and Small Enterprises, the guarantee cover is generally available upto 75% of the loans extended; however the extent of guarantee cover is 80% for MSEs operated and/ or owned by women

INTRODUCTION OF EKTA KAPOORToday, Ekta Kapoor is the creative director of Balaji Telefilms. Her company has produced more than 25 serials and each one is being shown, on an average, four times a week on different television channels. Ekta Kapoor's serials have captured the imagination of masses. She broken all previous records of TV serial production and popularity in India. Her most famous television venture has been "Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi" which began in 2000 and is still leading the TRP ratings in India. Her other famous serials include "Kahaani Ghar Ghar Ki", "Kahiin To Hoga", "Kavyanjali", "Kyaa Hoga Nimmo Kaa", "Kasamh Se", "Kahin Kisii Roz", "Kasautii Zindagi Kay", "Kkusum", "Kutumb", "Kalash", and "Kundali

MAIN THINGS THAT LEAD SUCCESS FOR BALAJI TELEVISION FILMS

CORE STRENGTHS OF EKTA KAPOORCREATIVITYTARGETED CONTENTCONSTANT IMPROVISATIONEXPLORING NEW VISTASTRONG MANAGEMENTSKILLED TALENT POOLCONDUCIVE ENVIRONMENTPERSISTENCE

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