rural health pp health pp.pdf · 2020-07-22 · ages one and two‐41.3% were tested children under...
TRANSCRIPT
9/19/2018
1
Karen Lishinski, RN MA
Nurse Consultant
Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP)
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services
OverviewDiscussion will include:
Common sources of lead exposure
How to identify children at risk for elevated blood lead levels
Negative health effects of elevated blood lead levels
CLPPP Provider Guidelines
Roles of CLPPP, LHDs and LSHP
Michigan Data
OutcomesAt the completion of the presentation, the audience will be able to:
Identify the common and uncommon sources of lead
Describe the Blood Lead Testing Requirements in Michigan
Appreciate the significance of this environmental toxin
Identify the role of the Provider in EBL cases
Describe the role of CLPPP, LHDs and LSHP in EBL cases
Identify appropriate resources
9/19/2018
2
CDCAccording to the CDC:
There is no known safe level of lead in a child’s body
Low level exposure defined as 5‐9µg/dl
January 2012‐recommended new reference level decreased to 5µg/dl from 10µg/dl
PartnersIt takes a Village!
Primary Care Providers
Families
Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
Lead Safe Home Program
Local Health Departments
Primary Care Providers
Children’s Hospital of Michigan
Medicaid Health Plan
WIC
Child Protective Services
WHY are children more susceptible?
Absorption‐‐50% more than adultsNeurological systems develop during first six years of life—and this is where most damage occursChildren play on the floor, at window sills (where dust settles)Lots of hand‐to mouth activity!
6
9/19/2018
3
How are Children Lead Poisoned?
Over 90% of Michigan cases are from lead paint. Aging housing stock and peeling, chipping paint is
easily ingested
Lead dust and small particulates (even when paint is not peeling) are easily inhaled
Childhood hand‐to‐mouth behaviors increase lead risk
7
Other Sources of Exposure
SoilImported productsGlazed pottery and dishesCultural practices Occupations and hobbies‐stained glass, pottery makingWater –Lead soldered pipes
SymptomsChildren with lead poisoning don’t have BIG RED BUMPS
Symptoms are very vague and often mimic other illnesses
Symptoms can include stomach upset, fatigue, hyperactivity, poor appetite, sleeping difficulties, etc.
Most children are symptom free even at high levels!
9/19/2018
4
Metabolism of Lead Main absorption is gastrointestinal
Absorption is similar to iron/calcium
Absorption rates/uptake depend on age and size of child and type of exposure (chronic vs. acute)
65‐70% total body lead is stored in bone in children
Blood half‐life is about 1 month
Bone half‐life is 10‐30 years
10
Longbone Radiograph of knees ‐ “lead lines” in three‐year‐two‐month‐old girl with blood lead level of 10.6 µg/dL. Notice the increased density on the metaphysis growth plate of the knee, especially in the femur.
Health EffectsDamage to the kidney, eyes, and ears
Damage to the brain is permanent and non‐reversible
Lower IQ
Diminished capacity to learn
Difficulty with reading and writing
NeurotoxicityNeurologic System: Neurotoxicity
Violence and aggressive behavior
Learning disorders
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Reduction in IQ by as many as 5‐8 points with levels as low as 10
Behavioral Outcomes Juvenile delinquency
Elevated school drop‐out rates
Direct effect on behavior
Potential link to criminal behavior
12
9/19/2018
5
LEAD and vision loss…Affects developing visual system by damaging sensory receptors, visual cortex
Selective rod toxicant (rod degeneration in children and adults)
LEAD and hearing loss…Developing auditory system extremely sensitive to lead
Associated with complex auditory processing deficits
Audiogram, Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response testing indicated
Early Brain Development
Number of synaptic connections peaks at age two when pruning begins.
Lead, as the toxic agent, interferes with this process.
9/19/2018
6
EFFECTS of leadIn the body’s cells, lead competes with calcium
Interferes with red blood cell production
More easily absorbed from an empty stomach‐nutrition counseling is very important!
Iron deficient people absorb more lead
If iron is deficient, lead will substitute for iron
Social Effects
Reduced productivity of lead poisoned children
Special education costs
Increased costs to the welfare, educational and criminal justice system
Connection between criminal behavior and history of childhood lead poisoning
For every 1 µg/dl raise in BLL, we estimate $1,147 annual lost earnings per child
Diagnosis Venous or capillary blood testing
Not confirmed through testing hair, teeth, or saliva
Venous blood test is the “gold standard”
If a capillary result is elevated, (≥ 5µg/dl) a venous draw must be performed to confirm the result
9/19/2018
7
Treatment No specific medical intervention for childhood lead poisoning
Medical treatment is for children with very high blood lead levels (45µg/dl or >)
“Treatment” is source identification and removal
Public health nursing and environmental services intervene at levels of 5µg/dl or above.
Chelation Therapy Hospitalization for levels ≥40‐45 µg/dL
Levels over 70µg/dl are considered an extreme emergency
Inpatient chelation is recommended by the AAP
Lead Clinic and Consultants:
Dr. Kanta Bhambhani; Children’s Hospital of Michigan‐ Detroit
Chelation Map
9/19/2018
8
Who is At Risk?
Anyone can become lead poisoned but children between 6 months and 6 years are most at risk
Special populations :
Pregnant women
Adopted children born in foreign countries
Refugee children
Migrant children
Who should be Tested?All children insured by Medicaid are required to be tested at ages 1 & 2 years of age and between 3‐6 years of age if not previously tested
WIC enrolled children
Children enrolled in Early Head Start and Head Start
All children and pregnant women considered “at risk”
Children at Risk (non Medicaid) Providers should ask the risk assessment questions below to determine if a child
should be tested?
Does the child currently live in or visit a home built before 1950?
Does the child currently live in or visit a home built before 1978?
Does the child have a brother, sister, or playmate with elevated blood lead levels?
Does the child live with an adult whose job or hobby involves lead?
Does the child’s caregiver use home remedies that may contain lead?
Is the child included in a special population group such as foreign adoptee, refugee, migrant, immigrant or foster child?
If the answer is “yes” to any of the questions, please test!
9/19/2018
9
9/19/2018 25
What is CLPPP?
Mission: To prevent childhood lead poisoning across the state through surveillance, outreach and health services.
Vision: No child in Michigan suffers from lead poisoning.
Values:
Accountability
Accuracy
Competency
Effective Communication
Statewide Support
Transparency
Public Health Code 333.5474
Establishes a lead poisoning prevention program that has:
A coordinated and comprehensive plan to prevent childhood lead poisoning and to minimize exposure of the general public to lead based paint hazards
A comprehensive educational and community outreach program
A technical assistance program for health care providers
A surveillance system that requires all bll tests conducted in Michigan to be reported to the department
An annual report to the legislature, the number of children under six that had bll tests results of 5µg/dl
9/19/2018
10
Role of MDHHS‐CLPPP
CLPPP receives thousands of BL results daily‐Results of 20µg/dl pulled out immediately
MDHHS CLPPP Nurse Consultant will notify the PHN by phone when there is a venous result of 20µg/dl or > in their jurisdiction
The Nurse Consultant will provide guidance and available resources to the PHN and family
The local health department receives all bl results for all children in their jurisdiction on a weekly basis
The Nurse Consultant will work with the LSHP to arrange an Environmental Investigation
Role of the Local Health Dept‐Nurse Case Managers
The local health departments receive all the bl results for all of the children in their jurisdiction
Encourage families to get venous confirmatory draws
Notify the families of children an EBL that they would be eligible to receive case management services
Arrange a home visit to: Complete child assessment
Complete a care plan
Provide education
Provide appropriate referrals
Complete a visual assessment of the home
Provides LSHP application to the families, assists if needed
Role of MDHHS’‐Healthy Homes Section (LSHP) Lead Safe Home Program provides funds for
abatement of lead hazards in homes for eligible families
After acceptance of application, an Environmental Investigation will be scheduled to be done by a certified Lead Inspector/Risk Assessor
Certified Lead certified Contractors will bid the job and work will begin as soon as possible
Enforcement of the Landlord Penalty Law
Certification of inspectors and contractors
9/19/2018
11
Blood Lead Levels –In Michigan2016 data
Number of Children Tested: 157,892 (23%)
Ages one and two‐41.3% were tested
Children under 6 years in Michigan with BLL 5 µg/dl or greater=5,724 (3.6%)
All bl data available by zip code, age or county is on our website‐Michigan.gov/lead
Number of Children Under Age 6 with Elevated Blood Lead Levels (> 5 µg/dL) in Michigan, by zip code area, 2016
Number of Childrenwith EBLL
Source: MDHHS Data Warehouse
October 9, 2017
New Toolkit!
9/19/2018
12
ResourcesKaren Lishinski RN MAMDHHS‐CLPPP Nurse Consultant517‐284‐4824 [email protected]/lead
www.cdc.gov/lead
www.Epa.gov/lead
Questions/Comments?