rural health pp health pp.pdf · 2020-07-22 · ages one and two‐41.3% were tested children under...

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9/19/2018 1 Karen Lishinski, RN MA Nurse Consultant Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP) Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Overview Discussion will include: Common sources of lead exposure How to identify children at risk for elevated blood lead levels Negative health effects of elevated blood lead levels CLPPP Provider Guidelines Roles of CLPPP, LHDs and LSHP Michigan Data Outcomes At the completion of the presentation, the audience will be able to: Identify the common and uncommon sources of lead Describe the Blood Lead Testing Requirements in Michigan Appreciate the significance of this environmental toxin Identify the role of the Provider in EBL cases Describe the role of CLPPP, LHDs and LSHP in EBL cases Identify appropriate resources

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Page 1: Rural Health PP Health PP.pdf · 2020-07-22 · Ages one and two‐41.3% were tested Children under 6 years in Michigan with BLL 5 µg/dl or greater=5,724 ... Microsoft PowerPoint

9/19/2018

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Karen Lishinski, RN MA

Nurse Consultant

Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP)

Michigan Department of Health and Human Services

OverviewDiscussion will include:

Common sources of lead exposure

How to identify children at risk for elevated blood lead levels

Negative health effects of elevated blood lead levels

CLPPP Provider Guidelines

Roles of CLPPP, LHDs and LSHP

Michigan Data

OutcomesAt the completion of the presentation, the audience will be able to:

Identify the common and uncommon sources of lead

Describe the Blood Lead Testing Requirements in Michigan

Appreciate the significance of this environmental toxin

Identify the role of the Provider in EBL cases

Describe the role of CLPPP, LHDs and LSHP in EBL cases

Identify appropriate resources

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CDCAccording to the CDC:

There is no known safe level of lead in a child’s body

Low level exposure defined as 5‐9µg/dl

January 2012‐recommended new reference level decreased to 5µg/dl from 10µg/dl

PartnersIt takes a Village!

Primary Care Providers

Families

Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program 

Lead Safe Home Program

Local Health Departments

Primary Care Providers

Children’s Hospital of Michigan

Medicaid Health Plan

WIC

Child Protective Services

WHY are children more susceptible?

Absorption‐‐50% more than adultsNeurological systems develop during first six years of life—and this is where most damage occursChildren play on the floor, at window sills (where dust settles)Lots of hand‐to mouth activity!

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How are Children Lead Poisoned?

Over 90% of Michigan cases are from lead paint. Aging housing stock and peeling, chipping paint is 

easily ingested 

Lead dust and small particulates (even when paint is not peeling) are easily inhaled 

Childhood hand‐to‐mouth behaviors increase lead risk

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Other Sources of Exposure     

SoilImported productsGlazed pottery and dishesCultural practices Occupations and hobbies‐stained glass, pottery makingWater –Lead soldered pipes

SymptomsChildren with lead poisoning don’t have BIG RED BUMPS

Symptoms are very vague and often mimic other illnesses

Symptoms can include stomach upset, fatigue, hyperactivity, poor appetite, sleeping difficulties, etc.  

Most children are symptom free even at high levels!

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Metabolism of Lead Main absorption is gastrointestinal

Absorption is similar to iron/calcium

Absorption rates/uptake depend on age and size of child and type of exposure (chronic vs. acute)

65‐70% total body lead is stored in bone in children

Blood half‐life is about 1 month

Bone half‐life is 10‐30 years

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Longbone Radiograph of knees ‐ “lead lines” in three‐year‐two‐month‐old girl with blood lead level of 10.6 µg/dL. Notice the increased density on the metaphysis growth plate of the knee, especially in the femur.

Health EffectsDamage to the kidney, eyes, and ears

Damage to the brain is permanent and non‐reversible

Lower IQ

Diminished capacity to learn

Difficulty with reading and writing

NeurotoxicityNeurologic System: Neurotoxicity

Violence and aggressive behavior

Learning disorders

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Reduction in IQ by as many as 5‐8 points with levels as low as 10

Behavioral Outcomes Juvenile delinquency

Elevated school drop‐out rates

Direct effect on behavior

Potential link to criminal behavior

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LEAD and vision loss…Affects developing visual system by damaging sensory receptors, visual cortex

Selective rod toxicant (rod degeneration in children and adults)

LEAD and hearing loss…Developing auditory system extremely sensitive to lead

Associated with complex auditory processing deficits

Audiogram, Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response testing indicated

Early Brain Development

Number of synaptic connections peaks at age two when pruning begins.

Lead, as the toxic agent, interferes with this process.

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EFFECTS of leadIn the body’s cells, lead competes with calcium

Interferes with red blood cell production

More easily absorbed from an empty stomach‐nutrition counseling is very important!

Iron deficient people absorb more lead 

If iron is deficient, lead will substitute for iron

Social Effects

Reduced productivity of lead poisoned children

Special education costs

Increased costs to the welfare, educational and criminal justice system

Connection between criminal behavior and history of childhood lead poisoning

For every 1 µg/dl  raise in BLL, we estimate $1,147 annual lost earnings per child

Diagnosis Venous or capillary blood testing

Not confirmed through testing hair, teeth, or saliva  

Venous blood test is the “gold standard”

If a capillary result is elevated, (≥ 5µg/dl) a venous draw must be performed to confirm the result  

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Treatment No specific medical intervention for childhood lead poisoning

Medical treatment is for children with very high blood lead levels (45µg/dl or >)

“Treatment” is source identification and removal

Public health nursing and environmental services intervene at levels of 5µg/dl or above.

Chelation Therapy Hospitalization for  levels ≥40‐45 µg/dL

Levels over 70µg/dl are considered an extreme emergency

Inpatient chelation is recommended by the AAP

Lead Clinic and Consultants:  

Dr. Kanta Bhambhani;  Children’s Hospital of Michigan‐ Detroit

Chelation Map

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Who is At Risk? 

Anyone can become lead poisoned but children between 6 months and 6 years are most at risk

Special populations :

Pregnant women

Adopted children born in foreign countries 

Refugee children

Migrant children    

Who should be Tested?All children insured by Medicaid are required to be tested at ages 1 & 2 years of age and between 3‐6 years of age if not previously tested

WIC enrolled children

Children enrolled in Early Head Start and Head Start

All children and pregnant women considered “at risk”

Children at Risk (non Medicaid) Providers should ask the risk assessment questions below to determine if a child 

should be tested?

Does the child currently live in or visit a home built before 1950?

Does the child currently live in or visit a home built before 1978?

Does the child have a brother, sister, or playmate with elevated blood lead levels?

Does the child live with an adult whose job or hobby involves lead?

Does the child’s caregiver use home remedies that may contain lead?

Is the child included in a special population group such as foreign adoptee, refugee, migrant, immigrant or foster child?

If the answer is “yes” to any of the questions, please test!

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What is CLPPP?

Mission: To prevent childhood lead poisoning across the state through surveillance, outreach and health services.

Vision: No child in Michigan suffers from lead poisoning.

Values:

Accountability

Accuracy

Competency

Effective Communication

Statewide Support

Transparency

Public Health Code 333.5474

Establishes a lead poisoning prevention program that has:

A coordinated and comprehensive plan to prevent childhood lead poisoning and to minimize exposure of the general public to lead based paint hazards

A comprehensive educational and community outreach program

A technical assistance program for health care providers

A surveillance system that requires all bll tests conducted in Michigan to be reported to the department

An annual report to the legislature, the number of children under six that had bll tests results of 5µg/dl

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Role of MDHHS‐CLPPP 

CLPPP receives thousands of BL results daily‐Results of 20µg/dl pulled out immediately

MDHHS CLPPP Nurse Consultant will notify the PHN by phone when there is a venous result of 20µg/dl or > in their jurisdiction

The Nurse Consultant will provide guidance and available resources to the PHN and family

The local health department receives all bl results for all children in their jurisdiction on a weekly basis

The Nurse Consultant will work with the LSHP to arrange an  Environmental Investigation

Role of the Local Health Dept‐Nurse Case Managers

The local health departments receive all the bl results for all of the children in their jurisdiction

Encourage families to get venous confirmatory draws

Notify the families of children an EBL that they would be eligible to receive case management services

Arrange a home visit to: Complete child assessment

Complete a care plan

Provide education

Provide appropriate referrals 

Complete a visual assessment of the home

Provides LSHP application to the families, assists if needed

Role of MDHHS’‐Healthy Homes Section (LSHP) Lead Safe Home Program provides funds for 

abatement of lead hazards in homes for eligible families

After acceptance of application, an Environmental Investigation will be scheduled to be done by a certified Lead Inspector/Risk Assessor

Certified Lead certified Contractors will bid the job and work will begin as soon as possible

Enforcement of the Landlord Penalty Law

Certification of inspectors and contractors

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Blood Lead Levels –In Michigan2016 data

Number of Children Tested:  157,892 (23%)

Ages one and two‐41.3% were tested

Children under 6 years in Michigan with BLL 5 µg/dl or greater=5,724 (3.6%)

All bl data available by zip code, age or county is on our website‐Michigan.gov/lead

Number of Children Under Age 6 with Elevated Blood Lead Levels (> 5 µg/dL) in Michigan, by zip code area, 2016

Number of Childrenwith EBLL

Source: MDHHS Data Warehouse

October 9, 2017

New Toolkit!

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ResourcesKaren Lishinski RN MAMDHHS‐CLPPP Nurse Consultant517‐284‐4824 [email protected]/lead

www.cdc.gov/lead

www.Epa.gov/lead

Questions/Comments?