s kin and body membranes. b ody m embranes what is the function of the plasma membrane of a cell?
TRANSCRIPT
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SKIN AND BODY MEMBRANES
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BODY MEMBRANES
What is the function of the plasma membrane of a cell?
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BODY MEMBRANES
Function of body membranes
Cover body surfaces Line body cavities Form protective sheets around organs
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CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE
Cutaneous membrane = skin Dry membrane Outermost protective boundary
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CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE
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MUCOUS MEMBRANE
Surface epithelium varies
Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior
body surface
Often adapted for absorption or secretion
Mouth, esophagus
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MUCOUS MEMBRANE
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SEROUS MEMBRANES
Lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body
Occur in pairs separated by serous fluid
Visceral layer: outside of the organ Parietal layer: portion of the wall of ventral body
cavity
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SEROUS MEMBRANES
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SEROUS MEMBRANES
Specific serous membranes
Pleura Around the lungs
Pericardium Around the heart
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANE
Synovial membrane
Connective tissue only Lines capsules surrounding joints Secretes a lubricating fluid
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANE
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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
The skin and the associated organs of sweat and oil glands, hairs, and nails make up the Integumentary system
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THE SKIN
Fun Facts:
Avg. makes up about 9-11 lbs. or 7% of your weight Regenerates every 25-45 days
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FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN Take a rubber glove, cup of water (add some
pepper), and a toothpick
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SKIN STRUCTURE (EDH)
epidermis (epithelial) dermis (fibrous) hypodermis (subcutaneous – fat)
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SKIN STRUCTURE (EDH)
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SKIN STRUCTURE
Epidermis—outer layer Stratified squamous epithelium Often keratinized (hardened by keratin)
Dermis Dense connective tissue
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SKIN STRUCTURE
Hypodermis is deep to dermis
Not part of the skin Anchors skin to underlying organs Composed mostly of adipose tissue
(subcutaneous tissue)
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5 LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS (CLGSB)
Stratum corneum
Statum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Statum basale
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5 LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS (CLGSB)
Stratum basale
“Base”
Next to dermis
Cells undergoing mitosis
New cells are pushed upward
Melanin protects new cells from UV light
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5 LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS (CLGSB)
Stratum spinosum
“Spiny” layer
Living cells
Protein synthesis-keretin
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5 LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS (CLGSB)
Stratum granulosum
“Granular” layer
Thin
Cells dying and begin moving up
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5 LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS (CLGSB)
Stratum lucidum
Occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet
“Clear” layer
Dead cells
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5 LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS (CLGSB)
Stratum corneum
Outermost layer
Shingle like – rough
Dead cells filled with keratin
Repels water
Can become thick from irritation (callus)
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NOTE: Thick skin- covers palms, fingertips, soles of
feet Thin skin – covers rest of body
missing stratum lucidum and sometimes stratum granulosum
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MELANIN
Pigment produced by melanocytes
Amount of melanin produced depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight
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MELANIN – SKIN COLOR
GENETICS is the key factor Quantity of melanin
(yellow to reddish- brown to black)protects skin from UV radiation
Melanocytes use enzyme tyrosinase to convert tyrosine into dark brown melanin pigment, albinos lack DNA code to make tyrosinase
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ALBINISM IN HUMANS
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MELANIN – SKIN COLOR Sunlight increases
melanin production by the release of hormones
freckles or moles are accumulations of melanin
other pigments such as carotene or hemoglobin contribute to skin color
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MELANIN – SKIN COLOR
Prolonged exposure causes substantial melanin buildup which helps protect the DNA of viable skin cells from UV radiation by absorbing the light and dissipating the energy as heat