The challenge of establishing a scientific and progressive society, a society that is innovative and forward looking, one that is not only a consumer of technology but also a contributor to the scientific and technological civilization - YAB Datuk Sri Mohd Najib Tun Razak

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYHUMAN CAPITAL ROADMAP

By:Noor Azizah SamsuddinNuraini bt Abu BakarKhairani bt KhalidAnusia Radhakrishna

SCIENCE :

knowledge of the physical world gained through systematic observation and experimentation

TECHNOLOGY:

application of scientific knowledge to the development of tools, machines or process that change or manipulate the human environment to accomplish practical task or objectives.

ENGINEERING:

application of scientific principles developed to the design of a device, system, or process to achieve a defined task.

MATHEMATICS: lingua franca of science and engineering concept, and a discipline in its own right with applications beyond S & T domain into the finance and economics realms.

S & T Human Capital Quantitative Distribution

Where are we now?Current enrolment ratio for Science and Art :-

20 : 80

Targeted ratio:

60 :40

Existing Human Capital Education Value Chain

Conceptual version of the S & T Human Capital Roadmap

Current state of demand and supply for S & T Human Capital

Enrollment in Science and Arts Streams at Upper Secondary Level

Enrollment of Upper Secondary School Students in Available Streams

Operational issue at tertiary education level1 ) Quality : Low quality of matriculation/foundation students Matriculation/foundation certificate not recognized. Student highest qualification is back to SPM

2) Incentive Unattractive scholarship in pursuing science at tertiary level

3) PhD Insufficient numbers of PhD holders to conduct research PhD holders do not pursue post-docs, hence inexperienced leading/supervise other researches. Post-doc not considered as important requirement

4) Programme/Organisation There are 15 IHLs (4 IPTA & 11 IPTS) that offered medicine & engineering, without science faculty. Thus, weak foundation.

Chapter 3: Call for action-Expanding the science & Technology Talent Pipeline for the Future

SecondaryTertiaryGoal/ Vision:To steer ~60% students into science stream & tertiary S&T educationTo provide sufficient capacity, quality teaching, R&D platform & fulfill skilled human capital requirement.Objectives:60% to go in science stream Prepare students for tertiary level- Focus on pipeline to tertiary level Quality of educatorMeeting 60:40 Increase PhD holders Channeling student Job marketGoal: Attraction & retention of S&T human capitalObjectives: Ideation of correct strategies, listing of action plan & identification of success indicators.

Secondary EducationTarget

60% of upper secondary school students to take science270k students ready to enter S&T courses at tertiary level

Approaches

Establishing the platform numerical analysis with recommendationsTo obtain steady growth and attrition rate excluding international, private, MRSM & Islamic schoolTeacher & student ration to be kept at reasonable standard

i)Projection of upper secondary studentsScience class & classroom usage at school level attained to estimate the quantity of infrastructural space to accommodate extra intake of students.Data reveals total number of 6465 classrooms available that can be converted into science classes.Short term plan accommodating 24969 may be successful provided proper strategy is executed & unwavering implementation of this numerical strategy.

Forecast of Science Student Enrolment in Form 4 & Form 5The number of Form 5 students with science education will reach 260,000 by year 2016 and a total output 1.8million by 2020 if positive intervention is put to action as recommended.

iii)Resources to Accommodate The Projected Number of Science StudentsNumber of class is projected by setting the ratio classroom: students 1:30International average 1:17, thus reshuffling required.22412:266205 is ratio of 1:12

Set of recommendations:Nurturing interest in S&TPopularizing S&T educationSharpening S&T skills and abilitiesAppropriate impactful incentives to be in the S&T stream

Ratio Science & Mathematics Teacher to Student

Coordination of Strategies, Action Plans, Stakeholders and Success indicators

A structured approach is presented in the following table in chronological order formatted as short- term, medium- term & long- term plans to the relevant stakeholders.Strategic Reform Initiatives

Tertiary EducationTarget

500k S&T graduates generated by 2020 in accordance to the field and qualificationApproaches

Intervention of greater number of SPM leavers of the science stream into diploma, degree, masters & doctorate programmes in S&T fields.Must have adequate capacity of local universities and colleges & sufficient pool of teaching staffs.Forging of good relationship between industries and higher learning institutions in the form of R&D and career advising strategic partnerships.Increased financial support such as scholarships, convertible loans and R&D grants for S&T degree programmes.

Diploma intake:Output from school from 2011-2020 is approximately 1.8 million, 900k chaneled into various pre-university institutions and other 900k go into workforce/ taking non S&T courses.800k expected to proceed to further studies at degree level in 2013-2020.

Degree intake:From 800k, about 488k expected to graduate and join workforce in 2020.61%-engineering, 12%-health, 27%-science (pure science).

Graduate studies:Total 30k PhDs in S&T are expected to join workforce by 2020.65k M. Sc degree are graduates in 2020. which together fulfill the demand of R&D personnel in 2020 by furthering their studies to PhD.Remaining 10K assigned to join private institutes of higher learning to build public-private partnership.Assuming every 45k PhD students translates into 45K projects with estimation of RM200k being cost of single project and RM9 billion in total.Matching combination from private sectors, minimum GERD is expected to be 2% by 2020.

S&T Human Capital Flow at Tertiary Education Level and Cost of R&D