S1 : StadiumS1 : Stadium Roof Roof Design – Design Design – Design

DecisionsDecisions

P1

What are the 6 biggest Stadiums in

the UK?

Capacity1. Wembley 90,0002. Twickenham 82,0003. Old Trafford 76,0004. Millennium stadium 74,5005. Murrayfield 67,8006. Emirates 60,400

P2

Wembley

http://blog.fanfaktor.de

Location : London

Home to : National Football, Rugby Challenge Cup, 2012 Olympics, Music Concerts

Capacity : 90,000

The arch allows part of the roof to be retracted allowing additional sunlight to the pitch between matches.

The Arch is 315m long and is the longest single roof structure in the worldAt 133m high the London Eye can fit underneath it.

P3

Twickenham

Copyright Realistic Photo Graphics Ltd

Location : London

Home to : England’s Rugby Football Union

Capacity : 82,000

= 1025 full Double Decker buses

Originally built in 1909

Renovated 5 times to increase capacity and usage during the off seasonRoof Structure is a free hanging cantilevered roof.

P4

Old Trafford

Copyright Manchester Premier Action

Location : Manchester

Home to : Manchester United FC

Capacity : 76,000

Built in : 1910

The capacity has been steadily increased from 40,000 in 1989 by filling in the corners with seating.

The stadium is know as “The Theatre of Dreams”.

P5

Millennium Stadium

copyright top secret drum corps

Location : Cardiff

Home to : The Welsh Rugby Union, The Football Association, The Football League, The Football Association of Wales and the British Speedway Association.

Capacity : 74,500

Built in : 1999First retractable roof in the UK. Opening/closing time of 20 minutes.27000m2 of fixed roof.8960m2 of closing roof.

P6

Murrayfield

Location : Edinburgh

Home to : Scottish Rugby

Capacity : 67,800

Built in : 1925

The cold climate meant that the ground often froze.

The first under pitch heating was installed in the form of an electric blanket in 1959. Total cost £10,000.

Upgraded for 1991 World Cup by a new heated system of hot water pipes. Total cost £250,000.

P7

Emirates

Location : London

Home to : Arsenal FC

Capacity : 60,400

Built in : 2006

Had to replace Highbury as there was little room for expansion.

Sloping roof encourages as much sunlight and airflow to the pitch as possible whilst maintaining an exhilarating atmosphere.

Construction was completed ahead of schedule and on budget.

P8

Client Brief Exercise• Divide into the 3 clients for a new

premiership football club stadium;– Spectators– Owners/Operators– Participants

• Discuss the needs and wants of your particular group.

• Formulate a brief for the stadium designer and present your brief to the rest of the class.

P9

Roof Types• Goal Post structures;

– Best suited for rectangular Stadia– Cheap– Needs regular Maintenance

• Cantilever Structure;– Useful for continuous bowl-

shaped structures and isolated stands

– Unobstructed view– Can appear tall and intimidating

from the outside

Roof

Single Girder

Stands

Stands

Roof

“Tie-down” the weight of the roof

P10

Roof Types• Space Frame Structure;

– Can create dramatic shapes– Capable of spanning large

distances– Expensive

• Tension Structure;– Carries tension forces

through cables and covered with fabric

– Festive and light in appearance

– Requires sophisticated design

Al Ain Stadium

Olympiastadion Muenchen

P11

Grass Pitches• Grass needs ample light, air movement and strict

controls over its humidity & temperature to ensure healthy growth.

• The degree of enclosure effects the amount of sunlight and air that reaches the grass.

• Flexible, multi-use stadiums will have a way to either remove the grass or cover it up so music concerts can take place.

• A permanently or partly roofed stadium can increase the quality of the playing surface through use of a– Roll-In/Roll-out pitch– Pitch on jacks, allowing it to be raised– Retractable roof– Partly, or completely translucent roof covering

P12

Environmental Factors• Visual Impact• Flexibility

– Stadiums which stand dormant for almost half the year are not sustainable structures.

– Multi-use stadiums have a much better impact on the surrounding area and also generate more income.

• Design Life– Incorporate possible expansion options into design.

• Use of materials• Maintenance

– Incorporate a strategy early on to prevent wastage.

• Lighting– Optimise the amount of daylight into the structure.– Distribute floodlights evenly. P13

Design Decisions Exercise

• Re-group into a design team made up of at least one from each client group.

• By choosing one option from – Degree of enclosure– Roof Type– Pitch system– Roof CoveringOptimise the value you are adding to the

stadium above the cost.

P14