safe drinking water and adequate -...
TRANSCRIPT
SAFE DRINKING WATER AND ADEQUATE
SANITATION ARE CRUCIAL FOR POVERTY
REDUCTION, CRUCIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT AND CRUCIAL FOR ACHIEVING ANY
AND EVERY ONE OF THE MILLENNIUM
DEVELOPMENT GOALS.
OBJECTIVE01
TO EVALUATE NEW SOLUTIONS FOR THE BIOSAND FILTER
GEOMETRY AND THE OUTLET INSIDE THE FILTERS, USING
THE CFD TO SIMULATE THE FLOW IN THE MODELS:
HYDRAID, CAWST AND PEU/UEM.
PEU/UEM CAWST HYDRAID
METODOLOGY02
02
03
04
BUILDING AND OPERATING THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
• SUPPLY CRITERIA
• REMOVAL OF TOTAL COLIFORME AND E. COLI
• REMOVAL OF TURBIDITY AND PH
SIMULATION IN PERM. AND ITERM. REGIME• COMPARATION BETWEEN USUAL FILTER AND
ADOPTED OUTLET.
DETERMINATION OF RTD CURVE• RTD CURVE EXPERIMENTAL FILTER
• RTD CURVE NUMERICAL MODELS
CHOICE OF OUTLET• 4 DIFFERENT MODELS OF OUTLET FOR PEU/UEM
• MODELS SIMULATION.
• RESULT ANALYSIS
01
CHOICE OF OUTLET03
FOR THIS STUDY WE USED THE
PEU/UEM DESIGN.
SIMULATION OF FILTER
CONSIDERING AND NOT
CONSIDERING THE POROUS
LAYERS FOR THE FOUR OUTLET
MODELS
PEU/UEM
03.1 CHOICE OF OUTLETNOT CONSIDERING POROUS LAYERS - FLOWLINE
CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING
03.2 CHOICE OF OUTLETCONSIDERING POROUS LAYERS - FLOWLINE
CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING
03.2 CHOICE OF OUTLETCONSIDERING POROUS LAYERS – VELOCITY PROFILE
CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING
CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH RING
AXIS XZ[Y=0]
AXIS YZ[X=0]
03
.2
CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH
RING
CENTRAL LATERAL BOTTOM WITH
RING
AXIS
XZ
AXIS
YZ
CHOICE OF OUTLETCONSIDERING POROUS LAYERS – VELOCITY PROFILE
04
04.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0,0100 0,1000 1,0000 10,0000
D10%=0.23
D60%=0.40
PA
SS
ING
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
(%)
GRAIN DIMMENSIONS (mm)
04.1
GRAIN SPECIFIC MASS (NBR 6508/84)
MAXIMUM VOID RATIO (NBR 12004/90)
D10%
D60%
ρ=2,75 (g/cm³)
emáx=44,22%
D10%=0,23 (mm)
D60%=0,40 (mm)
04.2SUPPLY CRITERIA
CONTINOUS
OPERATION
INTERMITTENT
OPERATION
SUPPLY 10L/DAY SUPPLY 10L/DAY
04.3BACTERIOLOGICAL REMOVAL
INDEX
REMOVAL IN CONTINUOUS
OPERATION
[log10]
REMOVAL IN INTERMMITENT OPERATION
[log10]
Filter A Filter B Filter C Filter D Filter E
avg max avg max avg max avg max avg max
Total
Coliformes1,12 2,58 0,88 2,00 0,83 1,67 0,79 1,84 1,01 2,26
E. coli 0,79 1,66 0,83 1,67 0,58 1,14 0,89 1,42 0,77 1,44
04.4TURBIDITY REMOVAL
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
50,00
0 10 20 30 40 50
Turb
idit
y (U
T)
Days
Filtro A Filtro B Filtro C Filtro D Filtro E Antes
04.5HEAD LOSS IN THE POROUS LAYERS
-
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
0 10 20 30 40 50
i [m
/m]
Days
i1
i2
i3
i4
SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIME05
WE SIMULATED THE CAWST AND HYDRAID FILTERS IN
PERMANENT REGIME.
FOR EACH ONE WE USED:
• CONVENCIONAL MODEL
• MODEL WITH RING
CAWST HYDRAID
SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIME05.1CAWST FILTER– FLOW LINES
CONVENTIONAL WITH RING
05.1 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIMECAWST FILTER – CUT YZ
CONVENTIONAL[Y=0cm]
WITH RING [Y=6cm]
05.1 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIMECAWST FILTER – CUT XY [Z=1cm]
CONVENTIONAL WITH RING
05.2 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIMEHYDRAID FILTER – FLOW LINES
CONVENTIONAL WITH RING
05.2 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIMEHYDRAID FILTER – CUT YZ
CONVENTIONAL[Y=0cm]
WITH RING[Y=6cm]
05.2 SIMULATION IN PERMANENT REGIMEHYDRAID FILTER – CUT XY [Z=1cm]
CONVENTIONAL WITH RING
06
06.1
THREE SUPPLIES
IN THE 1st ADDITIONAL CONCENTRATION OF 2g/L OF NaCl.
06.1
(0,50)
-
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
5,00
0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00 35,00
NaC
lCO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
(g
/L)
FILTERED VOLUME (L)
FILLED FILTERS
A (Preenchido e Contínuo) B (Preenchido e Interm.)
1ST SUPPLY. 2ND SUPPLY 3RD SUPPLY
06.2
0,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
0,000 0,500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
E(θ
)
θ
CHARACTERISTIC VOLUME
Dead Volume 1,52%
Slug Volume 61,53%
Mixture Volume 36,95%
06.3
0,000
0,020
0,040
0,060
0,080
0,100
0,120
0,140
0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00
PEU/UEM com anel - Empírico PEU/UEM com anel - COmputacional
06.4
0,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
0,000 0,500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
E(θ
)
Dimensionless time θPEU UEM convencional HydrAid Conv PEU UEM anel
CAWST conv CAWST conv HydrAid anel
06.4
PEU/UEM convenc.
PEU/UEM ring
CAWST convenc.
CAWST ring
HydrAidconvenc.
HydrAidring
τ [min] 64,32 64,23 61,7 64,23 54,95 55,14
θmin 0,72 0,73 0,74 0,72 0,52 0,59
θmax 0,84 0,8 0,85 0,82 0,89 0,86
Dead volume 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%
Slug volume 78,13% 76,42% 79,42% 77,22% 70,37% 72,69%
Mixture volume 21,87% 23,58% 20,58% 22,78% 29,63% 27,31%
CONCLUSIONS07
• IN THE EVALUATION OF THE FOUR MODELS OF PEU/UEM
FILTER THE CENTRAL AND RING OUTLETS PRESENTED
BETTER RESULTS
• FOR THE CAWST AND HYDRAID FILTERS THE RING
OUTLET PRESENTED BETTER RESULTS REGARDING THE
FLOW LINES AND VELOCITY PROFILES.
• THE EXPERIMENTAL FILTER ASSISTED IN THE
COMPREHENSION AND DETERMINATION OF
MATHEMATIC PARAMETERS. THE TURBIDITY AND PH
PARAMETERS WERE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
BRAZILIAN POTABILIZATION NORMS.
• IN THIS STUDY ALL THE MATHEMATICAL SOLUTIONS
PRESENTED EQUIVALENCE FOR THE RTD CURVES.
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS08
• EMPIRICALLY EVALUATE THE POTABILIZATION
PARAMETERS IN THE VARIATIONS OF BIOSAND FILTERS
DESIGNS .
• ADD POTABILIZATION PARAMETERS IN THE VARIATIONS
OF MATHEMATIC MODELS.