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© Zodyak Events n Entertainment Productions

Safeguarding

of the

Garifuna

Language

© Zodyak Events n Entertainment Productions

The Garifuna Language

Garifuna is an Arawakan language of Central

America, spoken by more than 100,000 people in

Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Belize.

The Garifuna people are largely mixed-race (and frequently

referred to as the Black Caribs)

The Garifuna are one of the few Carib peoples to have

survived as a distinct culture and with their native language

thriving.

The traditions of the Garifuna people

originated from descendants of

African slaves rescued from Saint

Vincent where they were exiled in the

17th century for fighting English and

French domination. Communities in

Belize, and on the coasts of

Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua

share a unique Garifuna culture.

An estimated population of115,625 (UNESCO) continue to

speak the language - black

Carib, which blends

elements of the language

spoken by the former

inhabitants of Saint Vincent

with African elements.

GARIFUNA LANGUAGE TREE

Name: Garífuna

Type: Language

Alternate Names: Garifuna; Garfuna; Black Carib; Caribe; Central American Carib; "Moreno"

Spoken in: Belize, USA, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras

Number of speakers: 98,000 in Honduras (Rivas 1993). 100 monolinguals. Population total all

countries: 195,800

(Ethnologue)

Location

Belize

Guatemala

Nicaragua

El Salvador and Honduras

Dialects

Eastern Garifuna, Western Garifuna. Eastern Garifuna dialect is in Honduras and Nicaragua

(leaves out, r, and tends to shorten words), Western Garifuna in Guatemala and Belize. Related to

Island Carib with Spanish, English, and French borrowings.

Number of speakers: 115625 (UNESCO)

Number of speakers: 191974 (World Oral Literature Project)

Families: Maipurean (Maipuran, Arawakan)

Parent Subgroup: Iñeri; Igneri; Island Carib; Inyeri (inri)

UNESCO Status: Critically endangered

Threats: Garifuna as a mother tongue is only taught in one Belizean

village, (Hopkins), and at the Gulisi Community Primary School in Dangriga.

Virtually no documentation of the language exists. The survival of the

Garifuna culture is threatened by the lack of economic

prospects, urbanization, discriminatory land measures, and the school

system's failure to acknowledge the language and culture.

Migration, discrimination, and lack of government and financial support are

other factors.

Action plan: The Language Policy Statement of the Garifuna Nation,

adopted in 1977, seeks to secure recognition of the language and culture by

the governments of Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua and Guatemala. Policies

are aimed at documenting and developing the language. The Garifuna

action plan seeks to address concerns of the Garifuna Nation through

activities relating to land, education, language and culture, health care and

other social issues and support for community and economic development.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Adamuridagunt to Tagumairagüdaru Garada to Ayanuhabaun luagu le yubat haun gürigia

ubauwagu

Tagúmeseha

Subúsewati ubauwagu, dan lan ligirún gürigia lun ladúgüni le ligundan, ibihalai le yubai lun lidan

deregüdaguaü, ligia lan lagüchabai gudúmei hadan sun idúheñu.

Subúsewatiluagu, dan lan meferen lan luma mabahüdüniwa lan le yubai lun gürigia, ru lan ubafu

lun afásihani, mañuragunti giñe saminaü ubauwagu. Ligia lichigunbai subudi lun giarabailan

liñúragun gürigia lidangien anúfudei labu yumúraü le gadanbalin, lun lubá gia láwagachun lau le

aubai magundan lan, ariñegalai me le uáguti lafiñera;

Subúsewatiluagu megeiwa tan aban lúrudu lun taunigiruni sun le yubai haun gürigia, lun lubá gia

úalá afosuruti lun ladügüni le mabusienru lubai tanágangien lúrudu;

Subúsewati giñe luagu megeiwa lan lahimeidun umádaguaü lidan sun ubau;

Subúsewati luagu, sun lan fulasu le áundarubai tidaun Ubau Uarati rúhamali hafiñe tuagu Garada

to, mamai tichiga inébehabu hawagu idúheñu fulásurugu, ayánuha luagu le yubai lun gürigia, ru

tugia me úarani lunwügüritabu würi ubauwagu; afiñewati luagu lawánsera lan me sun ubau lugundu

hawiwanda me gürigia lidan ibágari richati;

Subúsewati luagu, sun lan ubau le áundarubai tidaun Adámuri Lani Ubau Uarati ariñegaña luagu

ñeibai lan inébehabu luagu le yubai lun gürigia adügalai me ligúndan:

Subúsewati luagu, dan úara lan saminaü sigénewali, lagúnfuliruba daradu:

adamuridagunt to Tagumairagüdaru garada to ayanuhabaun luagu le yubathaun gürigia ubauwagu

Lun lubá gia hasubudiragüdüni tila lun sun ubau, haun sun gürigia. Aban gárada íchigutu

adundehaní haun sun mutu lun

lubá gia inebe lan sun saminaü le tídanbai, haucha wagia me lun taraudún tidan luban furendei,

haun furumieguarügü dandu lidan hagaira ha asibihabalún kaisi lidan sun fulasu le aubai teréreha.

Saminaü 1

Sun gürigia nasíruati yuti lun, lidan úarani, lawiwanduní libágari kai le aubai labúsienra, gatu giñe lanagun lungua

buidu hadan líbegu.

Saminaü 2

Ka gürigia, würi, wügüri, yuti lun libíhini sun buidu le tídanbai Gárada to, katai yebe, linásinñu, lewegerún,

lagücha, lafiñe, liñeñe, lisáminan luagu gumadi, lúyeri libágari, lagüriahaun odi le auti lanagua lungua.

Siñabai giñe, ñei lan díseguaü luagu ligáburi saminaü anügüti ubafu bagaira ni luagu tigáburi lúrudu to agumairutu

ñei, siñá memebai giñe ñei lan díseguaü luagu lúyeri aruwaihaní arainiruti bagaira, dipeni yebe ligia luaigien amu.

Saminaü 3

Ka gürigia yuti lun labágaridun kai le aubai labúsienra, lun lasáriñahan, adügalai me le ligundan inébewa ligia me.

Saminaü 4

Uati lunti lamuridún ni lun lamúdihan, lubá amúdihani luma lalugurún gürigia kai idámuni, faini lumuti lúrudu.

Saminaü 5

Siñati basufuriragüdün gürigia, barügüda, busíganu, anáneiha lun ñeigien bachúraguai.

Saminaü 6

Ka gürigia yuti lun, le ñei lumuti, lun inébewa lan lau lumágagun, lugundgu ka mutu amu lináhuri

luai amu.

Saminaü 7

Sun mutu aban habu tigíbugien lúrudu, ani yuti giñe tun lúrudu taríhin hau. Yuti giñe tun lúrudu,

lidan úarani, tererehan hau gürigia ligibugien furumieguarügü lúyeri nabahüdüni.

Saminaü 8

Yuti tun lúrudu taríhin lau gürigia dan lérereguní likésin, gounigitai me hawai láganigu.

Saminaü 9

Tanágangien lúrudu, siñati lasiadirún gürigia, siñati lebélurun furísun, siñá labugún lagairagien.

Saminaü 10

Ka gürigia yuti lun, lidan úarani, lagambúniwa ligíbugien gumadi lun lubá gia lasubudiragun lungua,

kalan yubai lun, luma le lunbail ladüuguüni tagánagua lúrudu.

Saminaü 11

1.Yuti tun lúrudu tíchigun ubafu lun fulédeiwati lun layánuhan luaugua lidan agúseruni.

2.Siñabai ladaünragüdünibu gumadi anhain úa lubai bidúrun tidan lúrudu. Siñabai giñe badaürün luagu

saragu

dan luai le tídanbai lúrudu.

Saminaü 12

Uati lunti láchachan liuma lidaun libágari amu ni lanáneihan haun lidúheñu, madárahan ligia me hagáradan

amu,

ua meáuseraguti.

Yuti giñe tun lúrudu terèérehan laugien furumieguarügü anhain asúsereda aban lídangien lamíselu le.

Saminaü 13

1.Ka gürigia yuti lun lasáriñahan le ñeihin lumuti labúsienra, wiwan ligia me lidan furumieguarügü fulasu le auti

lagúndara.

1.Ka gürigia yuti lun láfuridun lidangien furumieguarügü fulasu, íbini lagairagien, giríbuya ligia me lagairaun.

Saminaü 14

1.Dan lasigirún odi láibahaun furumieguarügü gürigia, yuti lun laríahan múñansu lidan furumieguarügü ubau ani gatu giñe

lamuñadún.

2.Siñabai giñe ladaünrün amuñadahauti luagu furumieguarügü duru anhain üa lubai lúyeri duru ligia tidan gárada to

agumairubaun

túmagien Ubau Uaratu.

Saminaü 15

1.Ka gürigia yuti lun gagaira lan.

2.Siñati beréderuni gürigia luai gagaria lan, siñá beréderuni anhain busien lubai lasansiruni lagaira.

Saminaü 16

1.Sun wügüriña hama würiña dan busienguaña lan haungua, yuti haun hadügüni habágari le auti helédaguai, katai yebe

hanásiñun,

hagaira labu hafiñe; wiwan hamai mesun le líchigunbai sibili, lagánagua hamágualu hamán, labu larigien hígiragun.

2.Anhain hínsiñegua habai gadara-duntiñu haungua, gawarabai hasibilirún anhaña busien.

3.Umari habu isanigu hagia lagüchabaña ibágari lidan furumieguarügü adámuri, ani yuti giñe lun adámuri labu uruwai

láunigiruniña.

Saminaü 17

1.Yuti lun ka gürigia larihin lau le lánibai luma le hánibai sungua luagu.

2.Siñatiberéderuni gürigia luai le lánibai kaisi luai le yubai lun.

Saminaü 18

Sun gürigia yuti haun hasáminarun le autí habúsienra, lun hadügüni le líchigun haritagun haun, subudigüda hamai

me hafiñe lun ubau; gawarati giñe hasansiruni kaisi hagumairagüduni, ánhaña busien.

Saminaü 19

Yuti lun ka gürigia laríñeguni lubáliti lidan adamuridaguni bidaudu lamanichagüdüniwa, gawara ligia ladügün

akútihani, libihin, ariñahaní, subudigüdalai tidangien furumieguarügü gasibu, umálali tuma garüdia.

Saminaü 20

1.Sun gürigia yuti haun hadamuridagun hama ha úmati habúsienra kaisi haundaruh tidaun furumieguarügü

adámuri súñeitu.

2.Siñati bafósurun gürigia lun lebélurun tidaun aban adámuri.

Saminaü 21

1.Yuti lun ka gürigia habúduhan lílana lagaira luagu haucha ligia me luaugua lun lebélurun lidaun gumadi.

2.Sun gürigia yuti haun, lidan úarani, habíhin wadágimanu luma le arruwaihabai hagaira.

3.Le ligundan ubau ligia lagüchabai ubafu lani gumadi; igundani le, arihúati dan ñei lan asuesihani le ligíaguti,

kaisi dan ñei lan abúduhani lidan larúman.

Saminaü 22

Ka gürigia kai lílana fulasu, yuti lun libihin sun lúyeri idemuai-seinsu, ibágari, aníchigudandu hámagien lílana

lagaira kaisi lasúrunigien, lun lubá gia lasandiragun lungua kai aban gürigia seríwiti.

Saminaü 23

1.Ka gürigia yuti lun lidan úarani, libihin aban wadágimanu, lun laríahan wadagimanu lehínsiñeti lun, kai

gubairügü libihin idemuai dan mayábun lan.

2.Yuti lun ka gürigia, lidan úarani, libihin aban meme fayei luagu aban meme lúyeri wadágimanu.

3.Yuti lun ka gürigia awadigimariduti, libihin fayei lun gawarabai lan lawíwandun habu lánigu, ibiha ligia me,

anhain emégeira, amu idemuai lumagien uruwai.

4.Yuti sun gürigia hadügün aban adámuri lenébese wadágimanu, belú hagia me tidaun, lun lubá gia

haunigiruní le yubai haun.

Saminaü 24

Sun gürigia yuti haun, heméragun larigien somu dan wadágimanu, lun hasáriñahan dan mawadigimaridun

hamán, kaisi tafayeirún hasáriñahan haun.

Saminaü 25

1.Ka gürigia yuti lun lamnúgün aban lúyeri ibágari richati, lun lubá gia gawara lan ladairun atuadini, araini, aigini,

daüguaü, muna, lafaáyeirun surúsia luma furumieguarügü megeiguaü haun lánigu. Yuti giñe lun, libihin idemuai

dan mayábun lan, dan lasándirun, dan lasiñaragún lungua, dan hilaru, lúmari, dan lawaiyadun, kai gubairügü

furumieguarügü idemuai dan mama lan ligia íchiga üma lun leferidiruní lébuna libágari.

2.Yuti haun dagainatiñu habu iráhüñü lun letenirún haun, lau duári. Sun iráhüñü ha nasíruatiñu lidan odi bárugudi

luai sinbili, yuti haun hauniguirún lidan aban.

Saminaü 26

1.Sun güurigia yuti haun habihin furendei. Anhaña atúriaha tidan luban furumieti furendei, mafayeirúbaña ni aban

gáwanü. Yuti lun uruwai laturiagüdüniña gürigia tidabn luban furumieti furuendei. Aturiahaní tidan luban segandi

furendei aban memebai lila haun sun mutu. Liabin ti ebéluruni tidaun luban furundei iñuti, hafu lauchun gürigia

luaugua.

2.Sun furendei mosu taríahan tahímeidun lusan gürigia, ru ligia inébehabu luagu sun le yubai haun lílana fulasu;

luyéri furendei le lunbai libihini gürigia gatu giñe líchigun saminaü lun ñeibai lan gufúrandaü, awandahani labu

umádaguaü hadan sun mutu, itararügübai gawara lan lawándahani labu umádaguaü hadan sun mutu,

itararügübai gawara lan lawánserun tuádigimari Ubau Uaratu, lun lubá gia ñei meme lan darangilaü ubauwagu.

3.Yuti haun agüburigu hasuesihaní luyéri furendei le lunbai habihini hasanigu.

Saminaü 27

1.Yuti lun ka gürigia láundarun lidaun lechun lagaira, le auti labúsienra, lun layúsurun lídangien

hadíñeburi, ideha ligia me lun lawanserun lagaira.

2.Ka gürigia yuti lun taunigirún lidíñeburikai hamuga: garúdia, akútihani, féindiraeréreha tugia me lúrudu

laugien.

Saminaü 28

Ka gürigia yuti lun lauchun, lun ñeibai lan aban ürudúni lun giarabai lan lagúmairun sun saminaü le

tídanbai Gárada to.

Saminaü 29

1.Sun gürigia anihain lunti ladügüni luagu lagaira, mamai ñei lagüriahauwa, ñei tahímeida lusan.

2.Sun gürigia mosu inébebaun tan lúrudu lun, ladüga tugiarügüñaun lan ariha lau le yubai haun amu,

tugia aunigirubalin ibagari fulásrugu, ru tugia buídumei lun bawíwandun tidan aban adámuri úaratu.

3.Mauwebudunbai sun saminaü le tídanbaun Gárada to, anhawa magúnfulirun lau tubáliti Ubau Uaratu.

Saminaü 30

Uati ni aban saminaü tidan gárada to lun hamuga líchigun ubafu lun furumieguarügü (kai hamúga

gürigia, adámuri, uruwai) lun gawarabai lan ladügün somu katai barúnati luagun tubáliti gáarada to.

Garifuna history represents the intersection of people from two continents. By the year

1000 A.D., the Arawak people of South America had migrated east to the Caribbean Sea

and settled along the coast and islands.

Genocide, Exile, Diaspora and Persecution did not break the spirit of the Garifuna

people.

In 2001 UNESCO proclaimed the language, dance and music of the Garifuna as a

Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in

Nicaragua, Honduras, and Belize.

Despite Exile and subsequent Diaspora, their traditional culture survives today, as the

Garifuna Nation—people united not by geographical boundaries but by culture and

language. It is a little known story that deserves its place in the annals of the African

Diaspora.